Posi test 3

Lobbying efforts

-Contact the members of the legislator in person, or by phone, written letter, or electronic communication to Express support for the opposition to legislation -Convincing members of the legislator to propose legislation favorable to the group Working with the members of the legislator to draft a legislation -Testifying before a committee hearing about the effect of a proposed legislation -Working with members of the legislator to draft legislation -Encouraging members of an interest group to contact legislators through email, or phone campaigns regarding legislation -Issuing press releases and buy a newspaper and television ads -Providing written material to members of the legislator

Ceiling price for PAC paying candidates

10000

Issue networks

A loose grouping of people and organizations who seek to influence policy formation TEMPORARILY

Occupy Wall Street

A protest movement against social and economic inequality

Non-membership organizations represent

A single company, organization or individual

Iron Triangle

A small and informal but relatively stable group of well-positioned legislators, executives, and lobbyists who seek to promote policies beneficial to a particular interest.

Pluralism

A theory of government that holds that open, multiple, and competing groups can check the asserted power by any one group.

The nation's most powerful lobbying group

AARP

Generally, protests_____ have not been popular in the US

Against US military action

What is the primary reason that geographic distribution positively affects the power of interest groups

Allows groups to command the interest of more legislators

Why do europeans with less education and income vote at higher rates in their countries than their American counterparts

Americans face more voter registration requirments Class based european organizations encourage participation

why is participation in local organizations twice as high in the US as it is in Europe

Americans have an incentive to participate because there is more local control over policy in the US than in Europe Americans are more likely to attend church and engage in church related community work

Peak business association

An interest group devoted to statewide business interest Considered a membership organization Chamber of Commerce, Texas association of manufactures, and the national Federation of independent businesses

amicus curie briefs

Attempt to influence court, decisions, filed as friend of the court briefs

Most successful political movement

Boston tea party

outside lobbying

Bringing public (outside) pressure to bear on policymakers.

3 corners of the iron triangle

Bureaucrats, legislators, and lobbyist.

Who or what can be part of membership organization?

Businesses or individual citizens

15th amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

A PAC is a specialized kind of that

Collects money for campaign contribution, and other activities

What are prohibited by Texas law for making campaign contributions to candidates for statewide or legislative office?

Corporations and labor unions

How has PAC, influenced, affected candidates, party loyalty?

Decrease loyalty to party, since they finance races and help candidates much like parties to

Opponents of voter ID laws tend to be ______.

Democrats

_______ refers to the various activities in which interest groups engaged to try to influence the outcome of elections

Electioneering

When does the Texas legislator meet?

Every two years for 140 days

True or false private sector labor unions do not exist in Texas

False

What does the Texas farmers union represent in the Texas agricultural industry?

Family farms and ranches

How do interest groups expand the range of issues that come to lawmakers attention

Focus of issues taht may not have a broad impact Focus on issues that may be controversial

Description of Texas Municipal League

Focused committees Highly organized Influential members

19th amendment

Gave women the right to vote

What is the primary goal of lobbying?

Influencing members of Congress

What does the Texas municipal league derive its greatest strength from?

Influential membership

What is the primary reason that geographic distribution positively affect the power of interest groups?

It allows groups to command the interest of more legislators

In what way does a professional association differ from a trade association?

It's members typically hold a state issued professional license The state regulates the scope of its members practice

The Texas Farm Bureau represents which segment of the Texas Agricultural industry

Large agricultural producers

What is the responsibility of the Texas ethics commission

Lobbying, campaign finance, registration for certain interest groups

What is the most common technique used by interest groups to promote their interest?

Loving the state legislator

26th Amendment

Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18

In pursuit of electioneering, an interest groups, most important resource is

Money

Citizens group- noneconomic groups

NOT joined by material incentive (jobs, higher wages, or profits) but by PURPOSIVE INCENTIVE- the desire to contribute to what they regard as a worthy cause.

Best outside lobbying group

NRA

What states have 800 or more registered lobbyist within the state

New York California Texas

What is the largest category of interest group

Non-membership organization

In the process of electioneering money is usually funnel to candidates through

PACs

what has begun to replace the political party as the nominating and electing agent

PACs

Retail trade association

Primary goal is to protect their trades from state regulations that the group steam, undesirable and to support regulation and policies favorable to the groups interest Texas apartment association , Texas automobile dealers Association, Texas restaurant association, beer alliance of Texas

In Texas, how are public sector, employee organizations classified due to their inability to engage in collective-bargaining

Professional associations

What is the primary goal of most state and local interest groups?

Protecting local interest from stay activities

What is the primary goal of a retail trade association?

Protecting their trades from undesirable state regulation

Three types of agricultural interest groups in Texas

Represent general farming, interest represent commodity groups Represent suppliers

The Texas apartment association the Texas restaurant association, and the beer alliance of Texas are all examples of

Retail trade groups

What accurately describe two ways in which interest groups can use litigation to advanced their cause

Sponsor litigation on behalf of their members File amicus briefs

Peak business organizations focus on which of the following goals

Supporting legislation that would foster a good business climate in Texas

Which organization provides legislative staff assistance in research and information

Texas Legislative Council

What is an example of a specialized educational association?

Texas high school coaches association

State and local interest groups represent what

The organization, not it's individual members

Free rider problem

The problem faced by unions and other groups when people do not join because they can benefit from the group's activities without officially joining. The bigger the group, the more serious the problem. The larger the group the more likely a free rider problem.

What is the chief goal of grassroots lobbying efforts by interest groups?

To mobilize supporters to advocate for their organization

The good roads association is an example of ______, because it represents the specific business interest of Highway contractors

Trade association

What is the primary distinction between trade organizations and peak business organizations?

Trade associations represent more specific business interest, such as the oil industry

True or false non-membership organizations do not have broad-based citizen support

True

Inverse relationship between Europe and US

US citizens are less likely to vote but more likely to take part in election activity.

Fragmented government structure

a government structure where power is dispersed to many state agencies with little or no central control

What interest groups would the freerider problem be the most severe

a large group with very diffuse possible benefits

Interest group tend to rely on the courts to advance their policy goals when they have

a low chance of achieving their goals through legislation have a cause that unpopular witht he public

probability sampling

a sample in which each individual in the population has a known probability of being chosen at random for inclusion

What nation has the highest average voter turnout rate

belgium

Most numerous economic interest group

business

Primary reason for low voter turnout rates among young adults

change addresses frequently and need to reregister

what group deals with free riders

citizens groups

Over 70 percent of Americans' political participation via community activities takes place in which of the following?

civic organizations church related groups school related groups

What group CANNOT draw strength from geographic distribution

commercial shrimp fisherman

Best branch to lobby with

congress

What interest group is not classified as an economic interest group

consumer

who is prohibited by Texas law from making campaign contributions to candidates for statewide or legislative office

corporations labor unions

one characteristics of political socialization is that its effects are

cumulative

_____ referes to whether people have a pro or con position on an issue

direction

what is public opinion characterized by

direction (whether people hold a pro or con position on an issue) intensity (how strongly people feel about their issue position) salience (how high a particular issue ranks in peoples minds relative to other issues)

crosscutting

each group includes individuals who also belong to other groups, where they can encounter different opinions

What do interest groups need money for

electioneering lobbying public relations pay full time staff

Economic lobbying group

exist for economic purposes, to make profits, provide jobs, improve pay, or protect an occupation.

True or False- the occupy wall street movement was limited to NYC

false

Primary socializing agents

family, school, church

Interest groups judicial lobbying options

filing amicus curiae briefs, influencing the selection of federal judges, and lawsuits

Madisonian Delimma

free society must allow the pursuit of self interest.

What are said to adversely affect voter turnout in the US

frequent elections voter registration laws

collective goods given by citizen interest groups

goods that belong to all- cannot be granted or withheld on an individual basis. Ex- air, national forest.

economic conservative

government should leave the distribution of economic benefits largely to the workings of the free market

economic liberals

government should use its power to help people who are economically disadvantaged

Inside lobbying

groups efforts to develop and maintain direct (inside) contact with policymakers

secondary socializing agents who influenced public opinion during the COVID-19 pandemic include which of the following

health care experts public officials

US elections

held more frequently than in other countries allow voters to choose party nominees

which group of Americans have the highest level of voter participation

highest 20 percent of income earners

Texas economy

highly diversified, with a strong presence in several industries

WHo dooes PACS mostly give money too

incubents

apathy

lack of interest

astroturf organization

lacks grassroots organization

cultural liberals

leave lifestyle choices to the individual

Citizens United V. Federal Election Commission involved which issue affecting interest groups

limit on corporate and union spending in federal elections

The movement against gun violence had a relatively low profile until the mass killing at

majority stoneman douglas high school

Compared to other democracies, how likely are Americans to contribute time and money to political and community organizations

more likely

Example of citizens group

national organization for women

what are americans political opinions shaped by

partisanship, ideology, and group attachments

secondary socializing agents

peers, media, leaders, events

Super PACs

political action committees established to make independent expenditures are not allowed to give money directly to candidates, but can spend as much as they want.

what is the process by which we develop our political values and opinions

political socialization

which statement best describes the prevalent view of the public concerning protest activits in the US

protest activity should be TOLERATED

what tactics wehre used to disenfranchise Blacks in the post-civil war depsite the passage of the 15th amendment

publicized list of voters literacy test

____ incentives for joining an interet group include the satisfaction that you are participating in a worthy effort

purposive

The Texas Municipal League draws strength from its

quick adoption of stands on key legislative items strong, proactive legistaltive comitee

which method of sampling gives everyone in a population an equal chance of being interviewed

random sampling

Trade association

represents certain industries or parts of industries

What southern state has fewer than 400 registered lobbyist

south carolina

How does a well-compensated, professional legislative staff reduce the influence of interest groups

staff provides the most of the research for legislators who rely less on interest group research

States with _____ political parties tend to have weaker interest group influence

strong

how does economic diversity affect interest group power in Texas

the diveresified economy has increased the number of interest groups, diluting the groups power

sampling error

the error that results from using a sample to estimate the population

social capital

the face-to-face interactions between people that contribute to a sense of community and foster civic cooperation

True or False- When the 2017 Tax Cut adn Jobs Act was passed, individual taxpayers clearly benefited, recieving an average annual tax cut of nearly 1300 dollars, increasing theri after-tax income by 1.7

true

cultural conservatives

use government to promote traditional values

How does the party structure in Texas affect interest group power and influence

weakened structure of party competitiveness strengthens interest group influence

Most heavily unionized employees

work for local government- teachers, police officers, and firefighters.