Practice Exam A
A person arrives at an acute rehab hospital, following a hip replacement surgery. The physician has asked the SLP to perform a full evaluation of the patient with suspicions of cognitive changes post-surgery. After performing the eval, the SLP documented a hoarse/rough vocal quality which the patient reported was not there prior to surgery. The SLP determines the patient has not received adequate hydration and is consuming too much coffee. Which intervention should be utilized? A. Vocal hygiene information B. Medialization laryngoplasty C. Consultation with the physician for appropriate prescription drugs D. No treatment is necessary
A. Vocal hygiene information
The spectrum of the speakers voice shows that H1 is 15 dB higher than H2 in amplitude. This most likely indicates that the speaker has a: A. Breathy voice B. Modal voice C. Creaky voice D. High harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR)
A. Breathy voice
A person has a vital capacity of 5 liters and exchanges half a liter of air when typically breathing at rest. The person takes the biggest breath possible and inspires 3 liters of air. What is the expiratory reserve volume? A. 1.5 liters. B. 2 liters. C. 2.5 liters. D. 3.5 liters.
A. 1.5 liters.
Cranial nerves can include motor functions, sensory functions, or a mix of both. Which of the following cranial nerves (CNs) serve both motor and sensory functions: A. CN V, CN IX, CN X. B. CN V, CN XI, CN XII. C. CN III, CN IX, CN X. D. CN III, CN X, CN XII.
A. CN V, CN IX, CN X.
The pitch contour of the vowel shows that the pitch begins at 200 Hz. If the pitch contour is accurate, the period at the beginning of the vowel will be: A. .005 sec B. .05 sec C. .005 Hz D. .0z
A. .005 sec
A person with hearing loss has complained that listening to conversational partners in noise restaurants is very difficult. However, they still enjoy going out to eat with family & friends regardless of this difficulty. Which level of the WHO-ICF BEST describes this patient's hearing problem? A. Activity limitation B. Impairment C. Participation restriction D. Behavioral limitation
A. Activity limitation
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) in an outpatient speech and language clinic has been contacted by a patient interested in receiving cognitive therapy. The client claims to have been evaluated by another SLP and referred to this SLP for specific treatments for "attention and memory deficits." In this situation, the SLP should first: A. Administer his/her own assessment of the patient's cognitive abilities. B. Accept the previous SLP's report and begin providing services. C. Deny the patient services until contact with the previous SLP is established. D. Begin intervention for this patient's cognitive deficit.
A. Administer his/her own assessment of the patient's cognitive abilities.
A speaker with cerebral palsy can utter only a few words and phrases understood by unfamiliar listeners. Evaluation of the speech production system indicated severe impairment, with a limited ability to compensate. In order to maximize comprehensibility, the BEST course of therapy should focus on: A. Alternative forms of communication such as an alphabet board. B. Modifying speaking patterns such as slowing the speaking rate. C. Reducing impairment through pharmacological therapies. D. Training communication partners to adopt the use of signal-independent strategies when communicating with the speaker.
A. Alternative forms of communication such as an alphabet board.
A SLP has been working with an eight year old client for the last few weeks, in an effort to improve the clients intelligibility. The SLP decides that the child is an appropriate candidate for an integral stimulation approach to treatment. A key component of this methodology is a focus on: A. Articulation B. Rhythm and/or rate C. Tactile/gestural D. Augmentative and alternative communication
A. Articulation
A child has been brought into a physician's office for a comprehensive evaluation with parent suspicions of ASD. Following the evaluation, the physician notes that the child demonstrates impairments in social interaction and restricted, repetitive behaviors, but demonstrates no delay in language or cognitive development. Which of the following disorders is this child most likely demonstrating? A. Asperger's disorder B. Autism spectrum disorder C. Rhett's syndrome D. Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD_NOS)
A. Asperger's disorder
Amanda is a 4-year-old, typically developing preschool student, who has begun to realize that words can be broken down into sounds and that some words "sound the same." Amanda is demonstrating phonological: A. Awareness. B. Memory. C. Processes. D. Development.
A. Awareness.
A speech scientist is performing a research study on a particular treatment program for childhood language disorders and has decided to utilize effect size as a measure of data outcome. What would be the BEST measure for this scientist to use in the study? A. Cohen's d. B. Chi-square. C. Cochran Q test. D. Analysis of variance (ANOVA).
A. Cohen's d.
Michael is a speech-language pathologist (SLP) who has been asked to evaluate a child who recently moved from a different part of the country. During the evaluation, the child produces the following utterances: /hæn/ for /hænd/, /dIs/ for /ðis/ and /æks/ for /æsk/. What should be the next step in Michael's assessment of this child? A. Determine if the productions are appropriate for the child's dialect. B. Diagnose the child with a language disorder. C. Perform a standardized childhood language assessment. D. Perform in-depth research regarding the child's cultural background.
A. Determine if the productions are appropriate for the child's dialect.
A high school student presents with weakness in word recognition and spelling and has deficits in phonological and orthographic processing. The student shows relative strengths in underlying language skills, with typically average or above average abilities in the areas of vocabulary, morphology, syntax, and discourse. This pattern of strengths and weakness is most typically associated with a diagnosis of: A. Dyslexia B. Hyperlexia C. Language-learning disability D. Attention deficit disorder
A. Dyslexia
A patient has recently sustained lower motor neuron damage to his/her trigeminal nerve and is experiencing difficulty with mastication. Which of the following muscles could be experiencing deficits secondary to the nerve damage? A. Thyroarytenoid B. Masseter C. Hyoglossus D. Buccinator
B. Masseter
A patient who is experiencing nonfluent aphasia MOST LIKELY has some degree of cortical damage in Broca's area. This brain region is in which lobe? A. Frontal. B. Temporal. C. Parietal. D. Occipital.
A. Frontal.
During a comprehensive speech evaluation, a SLP asks the child being evaluated to prolong the vowel /i/. The SLP asks the child to repeat the same vowel but while pinching their nose closed. Upon completing this action, the SLP notices a change in the sound of the vowel. What type of resonance does the child most likely demonstrate? A. Hypernasality B. Hyponasality C. Cul de sac resonance D. Mixed resonance
A. Hypernasality
A SLP is developing a new assessment for acquired apraxia of speech. The SLP wishes to demonstrate the reliability of the assessment measure, as to better quantify the deficit in persons with apraxia. Which of the following should the SLP determine to prove the reliability of the assessment measure? A. Internal consistency, stability, and equivalence of the measurement B. Content validity, criterion validity and construct validity of the measurement C. Interobserver agreement, standard deviation of scores and effect size of the measurement. D. Sensitivity, specificity and average participant performance of the measurement.
A. Internal consistency, stability, and equivalence of the measurement
A SLP is asked to consult on a child in a first grade classroom who is having difficulty with reading. When you arrive to perform the consult, the SLP discovers that the child comes from an unfamiliar cultural background. In order to better understand the case, what factors would most likely influence learning to read? A. Language and literacy experiences in the home B. The child's reading preferences. C. Parental reading and writing capabilities. D. Family attitudes toward speech-language pathologists.
A. Language and literacy experiences in the home
Speech and language researchers are attempting to determine the cause of language disorders in young children. They believe that specific biological feature differences in children are the root cause of language disorders. Which of the following would be the most appropriate hypothesis for these researchers? A. Language disorders are caused by brain asymmetry in children. B. Language disorders are caused due to a lack of literacy opportunities in children. C. Language disorders arise due to differences across language-learning environments in children. D. Children with language disorders demonstrate limited processing capacity.
A. Language disorders are caused by brain asymmetry in children.
Linda is an elderly woman who has recently sustained a large right middle cerebral artery infarction, resulting in a significant neglect and severe flaccid dysarthria. Linda's SLP has been implementing use of an AAC device to improve Linda's communicative effectiveness. The SLP has determined a list of high-frequency words for Linda to use in conversation and is determining the most appropriate placement of symbols on Linda's device. Which statement describes the most appropriate placement of Linda's symbols? A. On the right, so as to be more readily accessible. B. In the middle, so as to encourage scanning. C. On the left, so as to be more readily accessible. D. On the border, so as to cancel effects of the neglect.
A. On the right, so as to be more readily accessible.
Following a car accident, a patient that is being treated by a SLP exhibits weakness in the orbicularis oris and buccinator. Which of the following problems would be the MOST LIKELY presentation of this patient's dysphagia? A. Oral incontinence with anterior and lateral residue B. Pharyngeal delay with excessive residue C. Reduced opening of the upper esophageal sphincter D. Piecemeal deglutition with silent aspiration.
A. Oral incontinence with anterior and lateral residue
When forming the vowel /u/ in boot, which muscle MOST LIKELY contracts? A. Orbiularis oris B. Levator labii superioris C. Zygomatic major D. Risorius
A. Orbicularis oris
Allison is a speech-language pathologist (SLP) who has worked in the school system for the last 30 years. Recently, her friend's mother had a stroke, resulting in significant dysphagia. Allison's friend asks her if she could provide services, as Allison is the only SLP she knows. Allison has not given treatment to a patient with dysphagia since graduate school and has not attended any continuing education classes on the topic. What should Allison do in this situation? A. Refer her friend to a professional with more experience in the treatment of dysphagia. B. Refer her friend to a colleague who works with clients with pediatric dysphagia. C. Provide services to her friend's mother, as dysphagia falls within her scope of practice. D. Provide recommendations for at-home exercises targeting improved functional swallowing abilities.
A. Refer her friend to a professional with more experience in the treatment of dysphagia.
A parent has brought a young child to an outpatient AAC clinic for a full assessment. After reading the client's intake forms the SLP believes the child is a candidate for AAC and is preparing tools for the assessment. Which approach should this SLP use? A. Select standardized assessment measures and vary response mode to see how the child best responds. B. Select different subtests from multiple, standardized language assessments, to see to which kind of pictures the child best responds. C. Select a standardized AAC inventory and administer according to direction, to see how the child's AAC skills compare to others in their age group. D. Select multiple devices in order to determine the one to which the child best responds.
A. Select standardized assessment measures and vary response mode to see how the child best responds.
Matthew is a 12 month old boy who's pediatrician has referred him for assessment by the SLP. The physician's referral message indicates that he is delayed in communication for his age. Which of the following is the most likely behavior expected in children around 12 months? A. Single words or pointing B. Combination of two words C. Grammatically complete sentences with minor phonological errors. D. Vegetative sounds such as coughing, burping and some vocalizations.
A. Single words or pointing
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) has been providing speech therapy to a child with a speech sound disorder. As this child demonstrates errors on multiple phonemes, the SLP has selected the cycles remediation approach for intervention with this child. What could the SLP do to utilize this treatment approach? A. Target a different phoneme each treatment session. B. Provide multiple input modes to establish productions of phonemes. C. Target different areas of language for generalization to phonological impairments. D. Target word pairs that are contrasted by a single phoneme.
A. Target a different phoneme each treatment session.
Ruth is a SLP who is preparing to administer an assessment to a child suspected of having autism spectrum disorder in order to determine eligibility for intervention. Which of the following is an important consideration Ruth must factor into her assessment of this child? A. The avoidance of criterion referenced measurements in the assessment of autism spectrum disorders B. Informal observation of behaviors is a means of assessment not accepted by most school systems. C. Form assessment measures are the most widely accepted method of determining eligibility. D. The child must receive a diagnostic label following assessment in order to receive services.
A. The avoidance of criterion referenced measurements in the assessment of autism spectrum disorders
A young child with a language disorder has recently been struggling with Tier 1 coursework for language arts. After consulting with the students teacher of the speech language pathologist who works with this child has suggested the student may be a candidate for tier 2 instruction. Which of the following is the most appropriate form of instruction for this child? A. The child receives in-class support from the SLP. B. The teacher alters the coursework for the entire class. C. The child receives one-on-one instruction from the SLP. D. The teacher allows multiple resubmissions of all homework.
A. The child receives in-class support from the SLP.
In evaluating a preschool child who stutters, it is important to observe the child interacting with the parent. The PRIMARY reason for this is: A. The most valid sample of communication and speech may be observed in the child's typical interaction with the parent. B. Comfort with the parent is likely to reduce disfluency and make the child feel more comfortable. C. There are a number of legal concerns that should be considered when separating the child from the parent. D. The use of an informal speech sample reduces the need for any other standardized testing.
A. The most valid sample of communication and speech may be observed in the child's typical interaction with the parent.
A speech scientist is analyzing data collected from a recently completed study. In order to properly analyze the date she utilizes nonparametric statistical procedures. Which of the following scenarios the scientist's data? A. There is not a normal distribution of the data B. There is a normal distribution of the data C. There is a small median for the data D. There is a small mode for the data
A. There is not a normal distribution of the data
A research team is currently investigating genetic theories to establish the cause of autism. The researchers have focused the research on children with autism spectrum disorder, who have faulty chromosome 11. Which of the following may be a hypothesis generated by these researchers? A. These children show lack of communication between neurons, causing their autism spectrum disorder. B. These children show a lack of development of brain circuitry, causing their autism spectrum disorder. C. These children show intellectual impairments, causing their autism spectrum disorder. D. These children show faulting cell-to-cell signaling, causing their autism spectrum disorder.
A. These children show lack of communication between neurons, causing their autism spectrum disorder.
The principal of a local elementary school has come to an outpatient voice center in order to ask the speech language pathologist to give a presentation to the high school teachers regarding vocal health. According to the principal's reports, a large number of teachers complained of difficulty voicing and require frequent sick days to recover. Which of the following options is not appropriate to use as a method to prevent voice disorders for this population of teachers? A. Using a singsong voice to get students' attention B. Taking voice breaks in between classes. C. Using a sticker chart for behavioral management. D. Utilizing a seating chart for maximum vocal projection.
A. Using a singsong voice to get students' attention
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is working with a patient with severe global aphasia, for whom they are utilizing an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device to promote communicative effectiveness. The SLP believes that this patient would benefit from an organization strategy that utilizes individual pictures to capture both environmental and interactional aspects of the communicative context. What type of organizational strategy should the SLP implement with this patient? A. Visual scene display. B. Alphabet display. C.Pragmatic organization dynamic display. D. Grid display.
A. Visual scene display.
Susie, a five-year-old girl, is brought into a speech clinic for a full articulation and phonological evaluation, after being referred by her teacher. The SLP notices that she does not produce several age-appropriate phonemes. Which of the following is a phoneme that this child might have difficulty with producing, based on the given information? A. /s/ B. /m/ C. /r/ D. /l/
B. /m/
Richard is a speech-language pathologist (SLP) in a preschool setting. Currently, he is working with a child who has specific deficits in morphological developments. Richard wants to establish that morphemes he has targeted in this child's intervention sessions are being used consistently. What level of use is appropriate for establishing acquisition of morphological structures? A. 85% of use in obligatory contexts. B. 90% of use in obligatory contexts. C. 95% of use in obligatory contexts. D. 100% of use in obligatory contexts.
B. 90% of use in obligatory contexts.
A patient who has not been on the SLPs caseload while at long term acute care setting begins complaining of GERD symptoms during and after every meal. The physician has asked the SLP to perform an evaluation which comes back negative. After using instrumental assessment methods, it is discovered that the patient's lower esophageal sphincter is not functioning properly. Which of the following could potentially cause this patient's symptoms? A. Pharyngeal weakness, including muscle atrophy. B. A change in medication including addition of steroids. C. Lingual weakness, including fibrillation D. Zenker's diverticulum, including residue.
B. A change in medication including addition of steroids.
A child is brought to an outpatient clinic for a neuropsychological evaluation. Following the eval, the child is diagnosed with ASD; specifically, with level 2 severity in social communication. This child MOST LIKELY demonstrates: A. Difficulty initiating social interactions with peers B. Abnormal responses to social overtures. C. Very limited social interaction. D. Decreased interest in social interactions
B. Abnormal responses to social overtures
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) in an acute care hospital has begun working with a patient with severe dysarthria, who they believe would benefit from the use of an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device. When the SLP approaches the director of rehabilitation, however, the director states that they are uninterested in providing the device for this patient and that the SLP needs to attempt other treatment methods. The SLP could provide evidence from which of the following legislative acts in order to procure the AAC device for this patient? A. Assistive Technology Act Amendments of 2004 (PL-108-364). B. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). C. Joint Commission's Advancing Effective Communication. D. Rehabilitation Act of 1973.
B. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
A young child with developmental dysarthria exhibits hypernasality and nasal emissions on pressure consonants. Examination of the hard palate failed to note any structural deviations while range of motion for elevation of the soft palate appeared limited. Occlusion of the nose via a nose clip normalized breath group length and improved clarity of speech sound production. What step should the speech-language pathologist (SLP) take next in order to proceed appropriately? A. The speaker should be immediately fitted with a palatal lift. B. Complete a thorough evaluation of the velopharyngeal system prior to initiating treatment. C. Treatment should target the respiratory system in order to improve breath group length. D. Refer the child for reconstruction of the velopharyngeal system.
B. Complete a thorough evaluation of the velopharyngeal system prior to initiating treatment.
There are several parts of a neuron that are important in the transmission of neural signals throughout the body. Which of the following components is most important for receiving signals from other neurons? A. Soma B. Dendrite C. Axon D. Phospholipid bilayer
B. Dendrite
A speech and language researcher is performing research to determine the underlying method of child language learning. The researcher has accepted a stance that supports information-processing models of learning. This researcher believes that child language learning is: A. Dependent on strengthening of relationships between co-occurring events. B. Dependent on short- and long-term memory stores. C. Dependent on the amount of input provided. D. Most prevalent in the preschool age group.
B. Dependent on short- and long-term memory stores.
A SLP has been asked to evaluate a new patient in an acute care hospital, after which point the SLP will provide treatment for this patient. The SLP currently has a full caseload but was planning on discharging one of the patient's the following day. How should this SLP proceed in order to better manage the caseload? A. Discharge the patient early, and send written notice. B. Discuss discharge with patient prior to terminating services. C. Evaluate the new patient and begin providing intervention. D. Have the department speech-language pathologist assistant (SLPA) proceed with the evaluation.
B. Discuss discharge with patient prior to terminating services.
Slowing speaking rate as a treatment method for individuals with dysarthria is contraindicated when the patient: A. Exhibits a clinically significant reduction in speech intelligibility. B. Does not exhibit improvements in speech intelligibility when speaking rate is decreased. C. Presents with a greater reduction in sentence intelligibility compared to word intelligibility. D. Exhibits a 25% reduction in vital capacity.
B. Does not exhibit improvements in speech intelligibility when speaking rate is decreased.
A young child has been receiving speech-language therapy to remediate her language disorder. After many months of intervention, the speech-language pathologist (SLP) would like to assess the progress this child has made during intervention. What is the MOST APPROPRIATE method for assessing this child's progress? A. Review data collected during intervention sessions. B. Elicit untrained exemplars during conversation. C. Administer a standardized assessment and compare scores. D. Implement dynamic assessment procedures.
B. Elicit untrained exemplars during conversation.
A child and her mother are participating in a play evaluation with a speech language pathologist. At one point in the evaluation, the mother asks her child, "did Mary eat the cookie?" To which the child responds, "yes Mary ate the cookie." With which language structure does this child demonstrate difficulty? A. Narrative B. Ellipsis C. Dialect D. Acknowledgement
B. Ellipsis
Mark is a child who demonstrates significant deficits in nonword repetition. An explanation may be that Mark: A. Has significant difficulty learning phonological structures. B. Has unstable underlying phonological representation C. Has severe deficits in phonological awareness. D. Has difficulty producing words with complex syllable structure.
B. Has unstable underlying phonological representation
Differentiating stuttering-like disfluencies from typical disfluencies is a clinician observation that: A. Always helps determine if someone is faking. B. Helps determine the stage of stuttering in young children. C. Is particularly important at more advanced stages of stuttering. D. Is impossible to determine
B. Helps determine the stage of stuttering in young children.
Inspiration during quiet breathing involving contarction of the diaphragm that: A. Increases the volume of the thoracic cavity and causes pressure in the lungs to increase. B. Increases the volume to thoracic cavity and causes pressure in the lungs to decrease. C. Decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity and causes pressure in the lungs to increase. D. Decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity and causes pressure in the lungs to decrease.
B. Increases the volume to thoracic cavity and causes pressure in the lungs to decrease.
A 1-month-old infant is brought to a speech and language clinic, with parent complaints of an "unnatural cry and loud sounds when the child is breathing." This problem has been present since birth and has remained stable since that time. Which of the following disorders is this child MOST LIKELY experiencing? A. Subglottic stenosis. B. Laryngomalacia. C, Laryngeal web. D. Vocal fold nodules.
B. Laryngomalacia.
In order to accurately measure voice onset time (VOT) in a series of stop consonants, the speech-language pathologist (SLP) should work from: A. Shorter VOT. B. Longer VOT. C. More compact spectrum. D. More diffuse spectrum.
B. Longer VOT.
With children who stutter, a variety of indirect treatments have been developed. Indirect treatments are those that: A. Employ counseling on attitudes and fears to improve stuttering and ignore speech production. B. Model easy, slow speech; reduce social and linguistic demands; and help parents to reduce speech pressure. C. Use extensive practice in teaching others to provide treatment and eliminating the clinical role. D. Delay the initiating of treatment until the parent indicates readiness and encourage annual reevaluations.
B. Model easy, slow speech; reduce social and linguistic demands; and help parents to reduce speech pressure.
A SLP in the public schools has been working with a child with ASD. This child demonstrates severe deficits in social communication and for this reason the SLP has decided to implement a peer mediation approach to intervention. Which of the following is an appropriate way for this SLP to implement this style of intervention? A. Have the child watch video clips of typically developing peers in order to model appropriate social communication. B. Pair the child with an age matched peer in order to model appropriate social communication. C. Pair the child with an older peer in order to model later-occurring communication skills. D. Have the child watch typically developing peers at recess in order to model appropriate play behaviors.
B. Pair the child with an age matched peer in order to model appropriate social communication.
Which approach has been found to have small to moderate effects on enhancing students' text level reading fluency? A. Diadochokinetic exercises. B. Practice with repeated reading. C. Vocabulary instruction. D. Teaching oral sentence formulation skills.
B. Practice with repeated reading.
The voice team has been asked to evaluate a three month old client presenting with parent reported "weak cry." Following a comprehensive evaluation, which of the following findings would not be considered a typical laryngeal characteristic for this patient?` A. A relatively small portion of vibrating vocal fold tissue. B. Prominent arytenoid processes of the vocal folds C. Laryngeal positioning around cervical vertebra three. D. The soft palate contacting the epiglottis at rest.
B. Prominent arytenoid processes of the vocal folds
Barbara is a young child with a severe cognitive deficit. Barbara's SLP is beginning to formulate a treatment plan for intervention and would like to focus on the MOST functional treatment targets during intervention. What should be targeted during Barbara's intervention sessions? A. Complex sentence structure B. Recreational vocabulary C. Phonological memory D. Joint attention skills.
B. Recreational vocabulary
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) in an acute rehabilitation hospital has several patients on his/her caseload and has begun to feel highly overwhelmed by the amount of work that needs to be completed. However, the SLP is unsure of how to proceed in a way that reduces stress appropriately. Which of the following steps could the SLP take in order to better manage his/her caseload? A. Request a speech-language pathology assistant to perform all patient evaluations. B. Request a fellow speech-language pathologist become lead clinician for some patients. C. Discharge high-level patients from the caseload. D. Continue working at the current pace with the current caseload.
B. Request a fellow speech-language pathologist become lead clinician for some patients.
A 10 y/o girl with adequate vocab skills for her age reads 1 and 2 syllable words accurately with some fluency at the sentence level; however, she struggles with reading words of 3 or more syllables. The MOST developmentally appropriate focus for improving reading would be to teach: A. Grapheme-phoneme correspondence B. Structural analysis C. Story grammar components D. The six syllable types
B. Structural analysis
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is working with a young child and suspects the child is unable to tell correct from incorrect productions of errored sounds. The SLP administers Locke's SPPT procedure to the child, and his suspicions are confirmed. Which of the following statements best describes this client? A. The child demonstrates poor intelligibility. B. The child demonstrates poor perception. C. The child demonstrates poor phonation. D. The child demonstrates poor coarticulation.
B. The child demonstrates poor perception.
The organizational framework of the treatment session can both positively and negatively influence success of therapy. A UNIQUE consideration when organizing treatment for children is: A. To avoid reinforcements that take too much time to administer. B. The need for greater amounts of cumulative practice. C. Clinician preparation D. The need for shorter treatment sessions.
B. The need for greater amounts of cumulative practice.
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in neural signals involved in motor movement. Lack of dopamine in the substantia nigra has been associated with disease processes such as Parkinson's disease. What best describes the role of dopamine on basal ganglia circuits? A. Dopamine is excitatory to the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia. B. The net result of dopamine release to direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia is a facilitation of movement. C. The net result of dopamine release to the direct pathway facilitates movement while release to the indirect pathway inhibits movement. D. Dopamine is inhibitory to the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia.
B. The net result of dopamine release to direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia is a facilitation of movement.
A SLP working in a SNF has been assigned to design a treatment plan for a long term resident. The patient was diagnosed with AD five years earlier and is considered to be in the mid-stage of the disorder. She has one daughter who is concerned about her but who lives far across the country. The patient has been increasingly agitated and difficult for clinical staff to interact with. The intervention of greatest benefit would be: A. A course of melodic intonation therapy to increase phrase lengths and improve fluency of verbal output B. Using a simulated presence therapy technique in which taped messages are played to the individual with dementia in times of agitation. C. Using caregiver-administered active cognitive stimulation techniques, in which the SLP assists the family member in administering cognitive stimulating tasks such as playing card games and completing puzzles. D. Training the patient on the use of a computerized AAC system, such as Dynavox.
B. Using a simulated presence therapy technique in which taped messages are played to the individual with dementia in times of agitation.
A 7 y/o student on a SLPs caseload at an elementary school shows strengths in rhyme awareness, phoneme blending and phoneme manipulation. Based on these strengths, the SLP would suspect this student would have strengths in: A. Orthography skills B. Word attack skills C. Vocabulary skills. D. Discourse processing abilities.
B. Word attack skills
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) in private practice has been referred to work with a new client who recently moved into the area. After reviewing the client's transfer notes, the previous SLP has made comments that the client demonstrates significant difficulty with producing the "late eight sounds." Which of the following speech sounds would this child MOST LIKELY have difficulty producing? A. /m/. B. /t/. C. /sh/. D. /f/.
C. /sh/
A person places a hand on a hot surface and experiences the sensation of heat. The feeling is conveyed up to the primary somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe. In order for this information to be received in this cortical area, it must first travel of the spinal column via the: A. Lateral corticospinal tract. B. Anterior corticospinal tract. C. Anterolateral system D. Posterior column-lemniscal system.
C. Anterolateral system
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) has been assigned to provide therapy to a child with a documented history of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Which activity would be the most appropriate method of therapy for the SLP to utilize with this particular client? A. Blowing exercises. B. Oral-motor exercises. C. Articulation therapy. D. Increasing oral activity.
C. Articulation therapy.
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) at a skilled nursing facility currently has no patients on his/her caseload. After evaluating a newly admitted patient, the SLP determines the patient is functioning in the typical range, but on the border of a mild cognitive-linguistic disorder. The SLP is interested in working with this patient, but is unsure of what recommendations to make. How should the SLP proceed in the case of this patient? A. As the SLP needs to meet productivity standards, he/she should recommend services for the patient. B. As the patient is on the border of a mild disorder, the SLP should recommend services. C. As the patient is functioning in the typical range, the SLP should not recommend services. D. As the SLP does not believe they have the skills to work with this patient, the SLP should not recommend services for the patient.
C. As the patient is functioning in the typical range, the SLP should not recommend services.
Language assessment results for a person showed: non-fluent verbal output with significant agrammatism, with a co-occurring apraxia of speech. The individual had relatively preserved auditory comprehension, but difficulty with repetition of even single words. Based on the scenario, the type of aphasia this person would most likely be diagnosed with is: A. Global aphasia B. Transcortical motor aphasia. C. Broca's aphasia D. Wernicke's aphasisa
C. Broca's aphasia
Mary is a speech-language pathologist (SLP) in a public school. She has received a referral from a classroom teacher for evaluation of a 10-year-old boy with a fast rate, history of language and learning problems and a high rate of disfluency that occurs in connected speech. The teacher indicates that the child doesn't seem too bothered by his problem. Mary completes her evaluation, which supports the teacher's assessment. This boy's fluency disorder is MOST LIKELY to be: A. Neurogenic fluency disorder. B. Developmental stuttering. C. Cluttering. D. Psychogenic fluency disorder.
C. Cluttering.
Greg is a child who demonstrates deficits in perspective taking during conversation. Specifically, Greg is struggling to infer other's feelings and thoughts, which has negatively impacted his ability to converse with others. In which form of perspective taking is Greg demonstrating deficits? A. Linguistic perspective taking. B. Perceptual perspective taking. C. Cognitive perspective taking. D. Phonological perspective taking.
C. Cognitive perspective taking.
A patient arrives at an acute care hospital in order to have open heart surgery. After the surgery, the patient verbalizes complaints about a change in vocal quality, and a SLP is consulted. The SLP who performs the intake evaluation documents that the patient presents with an excessively high-pitched voice. Which of the following is a likely causes of this patient's change in vocal quality? A. Development of vocal fold nodules from screaming at the nurse. B. A massive hemispheric stroke during the surgery. C. Damage of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve during the surgery. D. Persistence of anesthesia effects, resulting in a drug-induced change in vocal quality.
C. Damage of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve during the surgery.
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) has been working with a nonverbal teenaged client to program the client's augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device with speech output. The SLP determines that the client would benefit from prerecorded phrases and other stimuli to increase communicative effectiveness, as the client shows poor initiation in generating novel utterances. What type of speech output should the SLP implement for this client's AAC device? A. Computerized speech. B. Synthesized speech. C. Digitized speech. D. Hybrid speech.
C. Digitized speech.
A person experiences weakness on the right side of the face resulting in right facial droop. Initial evaluation suggests cranial nerve damage. If verified, which cranial nerve is MOST LIKELY damaged? A. Trochlear. B. Trigeminal. C. Facial. D. Vagus.
C. Facial.
What are three key language milestones that children meet between 18 and 24 months of age? A. Embedding sentences, expanding sentence types, conjoining sentences. B. Showing objects, giving objects, pointing to objects. C. Fifty-word vocabulary size, word spurt, combining words. D. Increase in verb vocabulary, mastery of copula and auxiliary morphemes, phonological awareness skills.
C. Fifty-word vocabulary size, word spurt, combining words.
A child is referred to an SLP by an otolaryngologist with a presenting problem of distorted speech. Following a comprehensive evaluation, the SLP determines that the child is experiencing significant nasal emission during speech. Based on this information, which of the following problems with this child not be experiencing? A. Short utterance length B. Compensatory erros C. Hypernasality D. Weak consonants
C. Hypernasality
After performing a comprehensive speech eval on a pediatric client, a SLP has determined that the child demonstrates difficulty producing the /l/ phoneme consistent with a phonetic error. Which method of intervention would be an appropriate selection for the SLP to use with this child? A. Minimal contrast method B. Distinctive feature approach C. Integral stimulation approach D. Cycles remediation approach
C. Integral stimulation
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) has been working with a patient, in order to implement an aided means of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device for communicative purposes. Which means of AAC would be of GREATEST BENEFIT for use with this patient? A.Head movements. B. Pantomiming. C. Labeled symbols. D. Manual signs.
C. Labeled symbols.
A speech scientist has begun a research study, utilizing a between-subjects treatment design. In order to reduce the effect of an extraneous variable, which of the following procedures should the scientist implement? A. Randomly assign participants to a particular treatment condition. B. Establish a reliable baseline performance for each participant. C. Match research participants across treatment groups. D. Randomize the order of treatment conditions for participants.
C. Match research participants across treatment groups.
A research is conducting a study comparing the performance of dyslexic vs non-dyslexic participants during oral reading of written words presented rapidly vs slowly. This is an example of: A. Experimental research B. Descriptive research C. Mixed experimental-descriptive research D. Qualitative research
C. Mixed experimental-descriptive research
Evaluation of a right handed individual who had a left middle cerebral artery stroke that affected only the anterior portion of the left MCA territory will demonstrate: A. Significant impairment of auditory comprehension and a right hemiparesis. B. Visual agnosia and dysprosody C. Nonfluent aphasia with relative preservation of auditory comprehension and a right hemiparesis. D. Severe dysphagia, but no aphasia.
C. Nonfluent aphasia with relative preservation of auditory comprehension and a right hemiparesis.
A male child is brought to a clinic by his parents, who have told the SLP that the child refers to all round items as ball. This production includes describing words as moon, circle, and orange. Which of the following best describes the child's production? A. Undergneralization errors B. Phonological errors C. Overgeneralization errors D. Morphological errors
C. Overgeneralization errors
An SLP has recently started working in an EI setting. The SLP has no prior experience in this setting and is curious about their specific role as an EI SLP. Which role does this SLP serve in their new setting? A. Providing Individual Education Plans (IEPs). B. Providing a free and appropriate public education (FAPE). C. Provide an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) D. Providing medical means of intervention for newborns.
C. Provide an IFSP
A person with aphasia and acquired alexia was assessed for reading abilities and found to display a pattern consistent with letter-by-letter (LBL) reading. LBL readers: A. Are unable to read through the visual modality, but can read from kinesthetic input such as writing on the skin or tracing letters with their fingers. B. Are able to access only the whole-word reading route, but cannot use the grapheme-phoneme reading route; therefore, a phonics-based approach works best for this person to strengthen this route. C. Respond to the treatment method called multiple oral rereading. D. Usually exhibit nonfluent forms of aphasia.
C. Respond to the treatment method called multiple oral rereading.
The frequency of a periodic sound is increased by a 100 Hz. What affect would this change in frequency have on the wavelength of the sound? A. There would be no change in wavelength. B. There would be an increase in wavelength. C. There would be a decrease in wavelength D. There would be a dampening of the sound.
C. There would be a decrease in wavelength
A patient has received comprehensive audiologic evaluation after complaints of hearing loss and was diagnosed with a vestibular schwannoma. What type of hearing loss, if any, with this patient be experiencing? A. Conductive HL B. Mixed HL C. Sensorineural hearing loss D. No hearing loss
C. Sensorineural hearing loss
The supralaryngeal vocal tract (SLVT) is a broadly tuned filter. This means that: A. The SLVT has an infinite number of resonant frequencies. B. As the shape of the SLVT changes, the resonant frequencies also change. C. Sinusoids will resonate if they are near a resonant frequency. D. Sound output dies away immediately when the sound source stops.
C. Sinusoids will resonate if they are near a resonant frequency.
An audiologist is evaluating a child who is hard of hearing by obtaining a speech recognition threshold (SRT). What type of speech stimuli should be used to elicit this test? A.Monosyllabic words. B. Sentences. C. Spondees. D. Trochees.
C. Spondees
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) has been working with a patient to improve the hypernasality of their speech. The child has been diagnosed with a cleft palate, but also demonstrates a Pierre Robin sequence, midface hypoplasia and a mild sensorineural hearing loss. Given these specific characteristics, this child MOST LIKELY demonstrates which disorder? A. Fetal alcohol syndrome. B. Trisomy 13. C. Stickler syndrome. D. Orofaciodigital syndrome type I.
C. Stickler syndrome.
Following a very successful intervention session, in which Annie produced 95% of targeted utterances correctly, her speech-language pathologist (SLP) implements a subsequent motivational event. Which therapy component BEST describes this situation? A. The SLP delivers feedback to Annie regarding her productions. B. The SLP models appropriate productions for Annie. C. The SLP presents Annie with a sticker for appropriate productions. D. The SLP allows Annie to play with a board game before therapy.
C. The SLP presents Annie with a sticker for appropriate productions.
Secondary stuttering behaviors provide clinical significance in eval in stuttering with children. Which of the following statements is MOST accurate with regard to the significance of secondary behaviors? A. They indicate that the PWS is more likely to stutter as an adult. B. They indicate that the PWS is exhibiting fear and embarrassment C. They indicate that the PWS is using escape and avoidance behaviors to avoid stuttering. D. They indicate that the PWS is familial.
C. They indicate that the PWS is using escape and avoidance behaviors to avoid stuttering.
An audiologist has completed an audiological evaluation on a patient and has diagnosed them with a hearing loss localized to the middle ear. Which of the following structures could be experiencing a deficit? A. Cochlea B. Semicircular canals C. Ossicular chain D. Bony labyrinth
C. The ossicular chain
What would the speech-language pathologist (SLP) expect to observe if comparing amplitude spectra for a sinusoid and a periodic complex sound? A. The sinusoid has evenly spaced lines, whereas the periodic complex sound has irregularly spaced lines. B. The sinusoid has irregularly spaced lines, whereas the periodic complex sound has evenly spaced lines. C. The sinusoid has only one line, whereas the complex periodic sound has more than one line. D. The sinusoid has lines that are all the same amplitude, whereas the complex periodic sound has lines of different amplitudes.
C. The sinusoid has only one line, whereas the complex periodic sound has more than one line.
The spinal column is organized with respect to motor/sensory function, as well as upper and lower extremities. Cell bodies of lower motor neurons that control movement of the legs are generally found in: A. The precentral gyrus. B. The postcentral gyrus. C. The ventral horn of the spinal column D. The dorsal horn of the spinal column.
C. The ventral horn of the spinal column
Stephanie is a speech-language pathologist (SLP) who is working with a child with autism spectrum disorder. This child demonstrates significant difficulty in understanding perception and beliefs from others' perspectives, which has negatively impacted her social relationships. Which method of intervention is MOST APPROPRIATE for Stephanie to utilize in this child's intervention sessions? A. Picture Exchange Communication System. B. Social stories. C. Theory of Mind. D. Peer and play mediation.
C. Theory of Mind.
A speech/language scientist has focused her research efforts into proving that there are environmental causes for Autism disorders. Which of the following would this scientist most likely accept as a cause of ASD? A. Brain inflammation B. Chromosomal deficiencies C. Toxins D. Maternal blood supply
C. Toxins
A child is brought into an outpatient speech & lang clinic by her parents with a chief complaint of "trouble speaking." After administration of speech sound evaluation, the SLP reveals the following sound errors: /rIn/ for /rIng/ /taet/ for /kaet/ /frod/ for frog The child demonstrates difficulty producing sounds with which place of articulation? A. Alveolars B. Bilabials C. Velars D. Interdentals
C. Velars
A patient has undergone phonosurgery to remove lesions associated with polypoid degeneration. After a period of vocal rest, the patient returns to the hospital's voice center to begin treatment with the speech-language pathologist (SLP). Which of the following options is an appropriate first step in this patient's treatment? A. Vocal hygiene information, in order to reduce high-fat foods. B. Use of hard glottal attack, in order to improve vocal fold closure. C. Vocal hygiene information, in order to reduce smoking. D. Recommendations for periodic, repeated phonosurgery as necessary.
C. Vocal hygiene information, in order to reduce smoking.
During the transmission of an action potential, after a neuron has fired there is an absolute refractory period. This is a delay during which a neuron is unable to transmit further action potentials. This delay must expire before that neuron can fire again because: A. Sodium (Na+) ions continue to flow out of the cell after an action potential spike. B. Potassium ions (K+) continue to flow out of the cell after an action potential spike. C. Voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channels are periodically inactivated after opening. D. Voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels are periodically inactivated after opening.
C. Voltage-gated sodium (Na+) channels are periodically inactivated after opening.
After performing bedside evaluation and instrumental assessment on a patient, consulting speech language pathologist have determined the primary feature of their patient's dysphagia is characterized by a weak swallow. In order to improve the swallow, the SLP has determined that the best treatment approach is to have the patient engage in swallowing-based exercises using boluses, with a minimum of three different swallowing exercises in each session. Which of the following principles of neural plasticity is not explicitly targeted in the clinicians description? A. Use it or lose it B. Repetition matters C. Use it and improve it. D. Age matters
D. Age matters
A SLP that works in a long-term acute care setting has received a position request for a swallow evaluation. However, the only information that can be found in this patient's medical records regarding her swallowing status is that the patient was on a mechanical soft solids/thin liquid diet upon discharge from the acute care hospital. Which of the following consistencies is appropriate to bring into the bedside swallow evaluation? A. Pureed solids B. Mechanical soft solids C. Advanced soft solids. D. All of the above.
D. All of the above (Purees solids, mechanical soft solids, and advanced soft solids)
A SLP working in an elementary school is planning to enroll a kindergarten student in stuttering therapy after completing a careful diagnostic assessment. She discovers a policy that says children are not enrolled in fluency therapy in this particular school district until third grade. When she questions the rationale for this policy, she is told that "most students will grow out of stuttering and we don't want to waste resources." This is an example of: A. Unethical behavior B. Using school resources wisely. C. Denial of the impact of developmental stuttering on a child's participation and benefit from the educational program. D. Bad leadership
D. Bad leadership
A patient presents to the local voice clinic with complaints of difficulty producing voice, which is made worse during prolonged period of vocal use. After receiving an initial evaluation by both the otolaryngologist and the speech language pathologist, the patient is diagnosed with muscle tension dysphonia, specifically with excess tension in the vocal fold adductor muscles. Which of the following treatment approaches is appropriate to utilize with this patient in an effort to alleviate these vocal problems? A. Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) B. Head turn maneuvers C. Straw phonation D. Circumlaryngeal massage
D. Circumlaryngeal massage.
Eddie is a 5-year-old child who has been receiving language therapy at his school. Recently, Eddie has greatly enjoyed going to see his speech-language pathologist (SLP) because Eddie is able to bring in all his favorite toys and the SLP will play along with him and ask him questions. What type of language intervention is Eddie MOST LIKELY receiving? A. Hybrid approach intervention. B. Clinician-centered intervention. C. Experiential intervention. D. Client-centered intervention.
D. Client-centered intervention.
Martin is a child who has demonstrated mastery of simple sentence structure, but who continues to present with difficulties in complex syntax. As such, it has been determined that Martin is an appropriate candidate for speech-language pathology services. Which of the following is the BEST choice of treatment target for Martin? A.Wh- questions. B. Full propositional complements. C. Conjoined sentences. D. Embedded sentences.
D. Embedded sentences.
Cameron is a speech-language pathologist (SLP) who is working with a young child recently diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Cameron believes that this child would benefit from the use of a Floortime approach to intervention. In order to best implement this treatment approach, Cameron should: A. Teach the child social skills through a story-time format. B. Establish a reciprocal communication system for the child. C. Engage in a play-based activity with the child and an age-matched peer. D. Engage in a semistructured play activity that interests the child.
D. Engage in a semistructured play activity that interests the child.
A young child is brought into a speech/lang clinic by his parents with primary complaints of "little language use." Upon initial eval, the SLP determines the child communicates appropriately through use of gestures for requests for actions and objects but uses very little verbal language. What would be of the GREATEST BENEFIT in the next step of treatment? A. Expand the child's expressive syntax to include simple sentence structure. B. Expand the child's expressive morphology to include plural markers. C. Expand the child's receptive vocabulary to include more functional items. D. Expand the child's repertoire to include vocalizations with gestures.
D. Expand the child's repertoire to include vocalizations with gestures.
A SLP has been training a patient and his family in the use of a newly implemented AAC device. The SLP is targeting a strategy that allows a patient to supply the content elements of his message, after which the family members confirm these elements. The patient and family then expand on the message. Which strategy is the SLP utilizing? A. Alphabet supplementation B. Topic supplementation C. Augmented input D. Message co-construction
D. Message co-construction
John is a SLP working with a patient in an outpatient AAC center. John has been implementing an unaided AAC device for the patient to use in order to facilitate communication with family & friends. Which means of AAC would John MOST LIKELY utilize for the communicative purposes of this patient? A. Line drawings B. Speech-generating device C. Picture board D. Eye gaze
D. Eye gaze
The SLP wants to use acoustic measurements of /r/ to document a child's progress in producing the sound. The BEST measurement to make is the amount of movement in: A. F0 B. F1 C. F2 D. F3
D. F3
A patient in a hospital is being seen by multiple professionals with each professional independent assessment and intervention. After each professional has completed initial assessment, each collaborates about the patient's treatment plan and shares info regarding the patient status for each discipline. Which service delivery model is being utilized in the care of this patient? A. Unidisciplinary B. Transdisciplinary C. Multidisciplinary D. Interdisciplinary
D. Interdisciplinary
The pitch contour for a vowel shows several abrupt changes that the SLP suspects may be inaccurate. The best way to objectively document accuracy or inaccuracy of the pitch contour is to: A. Listen to the vowel to see if abrupt changes in pitch can be detected. B. Look at the waveform to see if it shows abrupt changes in pitch. C. Look at an amplitude spectrum to see if the harmonics show abrupt changes in spacing. D. Look at a narrow band spectrogram to see if the harmonic contours show abrupt changes.
D. Look at a narrow band spectrogram to see if the harmonic contours show abrupt changes.
After performing a comprehensive speech evaluation on a pediatric client, a speech-language pathologist (SLP) has determined that although the child produces the /s/ phoneme, he demonstrates the phonological process of final consonant deletion for this phoneme, consistent with a phonemic error. Which method of intervention would be an appropriate selection for the SLP to utilize with this child? A. Van Riper traditional approach. B. Multiple phoneme approach. C. Paired stimuli approach. D. Minimal contrast approach.
D. Minimal contrast approach.
Following a speech eval, a SLP has determined that child he is working with demonstrates significant amounts of homonymy in his speech. For example, the child produces the word /bo/ for both /bot/ and /bo/. However, the child does produce /t/ phoneme in other word positions. Which intervention approach would be of greatest benefit for the SLP to utilizes? A. Maximal contrast approach B. Integral stimulation C. Traditional approach D. Minimal pairs approach
D. Minimal pairs approach
A SLP is designing a study to research the effectiveness of a new treatment approach for aphasia, utilizing a time-series treatment design. He wants to be sure that the outcomes are valid, does he wants to strengthen his treatment design as much as possible. Which of the following kids this researcher include to maximize the strength of his study? A. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews. B. Control groups and an analysis of variance (ANOVA). C. Randomization and counterbalancing. D. Multiple alternating treatments and baseline segments
D. Multiple alternating treatments and baseline segments
A SLP is starting to work with a young child with a speech sound disorder. After reviewing the child's evaluation results, the SLP determines that the child is demonstrating errors in all positions for the following phonemes: [l, t, g, ing, v, w]. The SLP would like to utilize a treatment method that will simultaneously target the child's speech sound errors. Which intervention would this SLP most likely implement? A. Sensory-motor approach B. Integral stimulation C. Minimal pairs approach D. Multiple phoneme approach
D. Multiple phoneme approach
A speech and language researcher is interested in compiling a data bank regarding objective measures of the acoustic characteristics of cleft palate speech. Which of the following instrumental procedures would be most helpful to this researcher? A. Nasopharyngoscopy. B. Aerodynamic instrumentation. C. Videofluoroscopy. D. Nasometry.
D. Nasometry.
On a speech-language pathologist's (SLP's) caseload, there is a client who is a typically developing second grader. However, the client shows specific impairments in both word recognition and spelling. In which component abilities would you expect this client to MOST LIKELY show deficits? A. Phonological processing and phonological memory. B. Receptive vocabulary and orthographic processing. C. Pragmatics and receptive vocabulary. D. Phonological and orthographic processing.
D. Phonological and orthographic processing.
An infant is brought into the emergency room, and the parents report that their child is continually vomiting after every meal and has not stopped crying for the past few days. After a full consult by speech-language pathologists (SLPs), nutritionists and gastrointestinal (GI) specialists, it is decided that the infant is suffering from pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD). Because infants are not yet mature enough to participate in treatment efforts on their own, which of the following is a treatment approach the SLP could share with the parents that is targeted at reducing the symptoms of pediatric GERD? A. Giving the child extremely acidic food, to counteract the stomach acid. B. Positioning the infant on his/her back to allow gravity to counter the regurgitation. C. Positioning the infant on the side, to avoid aspiration of regurgitated foods. D. Positioning the infant upright, to reduce the regurgitation of food.
D. Positioning the infant upright, to reduce the regurgitation of food.
A fourth-grade child on a speech-language pathologist's (SLP's) caseload at a local public school has difficulty with phonological/orthographic associations, automaticity and fluency and underlying language abilities. Which impairment would the child MOST LIKELY demonstrate? A. Ability to learn spelling rules. B. Articulation of alveolar fricatives. C. Spoken language capabilities. D. Reading comprehension.
D. Reading comprehension.
If a patient has denervation of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), which deficit would MOST LIKELY result? A. Reduced sensation of the trachea. B. Reduced salivation from the parotid gland. C. Reduced lingual control. D. Reduced capacity for mastication.
D. Reduced capacity for mastication
A fifth grader makes the following spelling errors: spliting/splitting, pated/patted, glanceing/glancing. These errors indicate difficulties with what type of spelling words? A. Semiphonetic. B. Irregular. C. Regular. D. Rule based.
D. Rule based.
Samantha is a 20-month-old toddler who has not met several of her early word-learning milestones. She demonstrates a small vocabulary and does not make two-word combinations. Using this information, which of the following BEST describes Samantha? A. She demonstrates an early language disorder. B. She demonstrates an early language difference. C. She is a typically developing toddler. D. She demonstrates an early language delay.
D. She demonstrates an early language delay.
The presence of development dysarthria has the potential to interfere with speech intelligibility as a result of impairment of motor skills. Therapy should focus on reduction of or compensation for the impairment. In addition to targeting motor development of the speech production system, what is the MOST IMPORTANT element to improve communication of the child with dysarthria? A. Treatment to reduce drooling. B. Appropriate positioning of the child to maximize breathing for speech. C. Development of repair strategies when communication breakdowns occur. D. Targeting both receptive and expressive language skills.
D. Targeting both receptive and expressive language skills.
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) in a home health service has been working with an individual who has right hemisphere brain damage and is exhibiting a significant left neglect. Which of the following is an appropriate treatment approach for the SLP to take with this client? A. Targeting reading comprehension by having the client match written words with pictures. B. Targeting alternative and augmentative means of communication through computerized programs such as CSpeak Aphasia. C. Targeting the client's written expression abilities by training phoneme-grapheme conversion rules. D. Targeting the client's attention by using a brightly colored border on the edge of pen and paper tasks.
D. Targeting the client's attention by using a brightly colored border on the edge of pen and paper tasks.
A clinician working with the speaker wants to adopt the use of a pacing board to slow rate and improve speech intelligibility. The clinician is concerned about adversely influencing the naturalness of the speaker's speech. Pacing boards can reduce naturalness of speech because: A. They reduce vocal flexibility and stability. B. They are used often in the acquisition of the earliest speech sounds for some speakers. C. Speakers breathe in too much air prior to speaking. D. Their use leads to placement of pauses in linguistically inappropriate locations.
D. Their use leads to placement of pauses in linguistically inappropriate locations.
Language assessment results for a person showed fluent verbal output with paraphasias and neologisms as well as significant anomia. The individual also had great difficulty with comprehension. The person was able to repeat single words and sentences without error. Based on this scenario, the person would most likely be diagnosed with: A. Wernicke's aphasia B. Transcortical motor aphasia C. Conduction aphasia D. Transcortical sensory aphasia
D. Transcortical sensory aphasia
Gus is a SLP working in an early childhood education setting. Recently, he has begun working with a child who has a significant language disorder. For this child, Gus has chosen to utilize induction teaching to facilitate the child's learning of language. Which of the following statements best describes his approach to intervention? A. Providing an enriched language-learning environment with no specific targets. B. Targeting of specific forms and functions through repetition and modeling. C. Increasing the rate at which a targeted form or function is learned. D. Using a more explicit and systematic set of teaching steps.
D. Using a more explicit and systematic set of teaching steps.
Jordan is an elementary school student with a language disorder that is demonstrating significant difficulties in the classroom. After talking with his teacher, Jordan feels that he has a hard time following classroom activities with specific deficits in content vocabulary. Given that Jordan has difficulty with content vocabulary, he would present with difficulty with: A. Vocabulary words that he has not yet learned. B. Vocabulary words that are highly specific to his life. C. Vocabulary words that allow him to follow classroom directions. D. Vocabulary words specific to information in classroom assignments.
D. Vocabulary words specific to information in classroom assignments.
A child is brought into a local speech and language clinic for treatment of a speech sound disorder. When the speech language pathologist interviews the child's parents, they reveal that their child has severely hypernasal speech. On which of the following types of speech sound will this child's hypernasality be most audible? A. Nasals B. Velars C. Plosives D. Vowels
D. Vowels
Phonotactic probability, neighborhood density and semantic representation influence what aspect of language use and learning? A. Morphemes. B. Phonemes. C. Word intentions. D. Words.
D. Words.
Compared to voiced stops, word-initial voiceless stops in English are expected to have a: A. Shorter voice onset time (VOT) B. Longer VOT (voice onset time) C. More compact spectrum D. More diffuse spectrum
Longer VOT (voice onset time)
Which muscle contributes to hyolaryngeal depression? A. Stylohyoid B. Geniohyoid C. Mylohyoid D. Sternohyoid
Sternohyoid