Prob and Stats

class midpoint

can be found by adding the lower class limit to the upper class limit and dividing the sum by 2. Class width is the difference between two consecutive lower class limits or two consecutive lower class boundaries.

class, lower limit, upper limit,

data values used to graph information

Stem

first digit

Random Sample

n measurements from population is one selected in such a manner that every sample of size n from the population has equal probability of being selected, and every member of the population has equal probability of being included in the sample

Simulation

not done in real-life, computerized, because too dangerous to test.

frequency polygon

A graph made by joining the middle-top points of the columns of a frequency histogram

Pictograph

A graph where a picture is used

symmetric distribution

A situation in which the values of variables occur at regular frequencies, and the mean, median and mode occur at the same point. Unlike asymmetrical distribution, symmetrical distribution does not skew.

Time Series

Data sets composed of similar

EDA

Electronic design automation

ogive

a cumulative frequency graph

Pie Chart

a graph in which the total quantity is represented by the entire circle

time plot

a graph showing the data measurements in time order

Bar graph

a graph with vertical or horizontal bars that are evenly spaced

steam and leaf display

a plot where each data value is split into a "leaf" and "stem"

class mark

a value within a class interval, esp its midpoint or the nearest integral value

Random Number Table

an easy way to get a random number sample is take a bunch of cards with numbers on them, mix them up that pick them at RANDOM

Table

an organized list of data values

skewed left

and positive skew is when the long tail is on the positive side

Pareto Graph

bar graphs in which the highest represents frequency

relative frequency distribution

how often something happens divided by all of the outcomes

bimodal distribution

is a continuous probability distribution with two different modes. These appear as distinct peaks (local maxima) in the probability density function

histogram

is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data. It is an estimate of the probability distribution of a continuous variable (quantitative variable) and was first introduced by Karl Pearson.

skewed right

is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued rndom variable.

cumulative frequency

is defined as a running total of frequencies. The frequency of an element in a set refers to how many of that element there are in the set. Cumulative frequency can also defined as the sum of all previous frequencies up to the current point

Leaf

last digits

uniform distribution

sometimes also known as a rectangular distribution, is a distribution that has constant probability. the latter of which simplifies to the expected for . The continuous distribution is implemented as UniformDistribution[a, b].

stratified sampling

surveying groups in a population with similar characteristics

systematic sampling

surveying while using a method like "surveying every third person to walk into a bar"

class width

the difference of the largest data value and the smallest data value divided by the desired number of classes

frequency distrubution

the number of times given group of numbers occurs in a set of data

frequency

the rate at which numbers appear

cluster sampling

used by government agencies usually by racial groups in certain cities or gangs in cities.

convience sampling

using data that is already available for sampling