Prob and Stats
class midpoint
can be found by adding the lower class limit to the upper class limit and dividing the sum by 2. Class width is the difference between two consecutive lower class limits or two consecutive lower class boundaries.
class, lower limit, upper limit,
data values used to graph information
Stem
first digit
Random Sample
n measurements from population is one selected in such a manner that every sample of size n from the population has equal probability of being selected, and every member of the population has equal probability of being included in the sample
Simulation
not done in real-life, computerized, because too dangerous to test.
frequency polygon
A graph made by joining the middle-top points of the columns of a frequency histogram
Pictograph
A graph where a picture is used
symmetric distribution
A situation in which the values of variables occur at regular frequencies, and the mean, median and mode occur at the same point. Unlike asymmetrical distribution, symmetrical distribution does not skew.
Time Series
Data sets composed of similar
EDA
Electronic design automation
ogive
a cumulative frequency graph
Pie Chart
a graph in which the total quantity is represented by the entire circle
time plot
a graph showing the data measurements in time order
Bar graph
a graph with vertical or horizontal bars that are evenly spaced
steam and leaf display
a plot where each data value is split into a "leaf" and "stem"
class mark
a value within a class interval, esp its midpoint or the nearest integral value
Random Number Table
an easy way to get a random number sample is take a bunch of cards with numbers on them, mix them up that pick them at RANDOM
Table
an organized list of data values
skewed left
and positive skew is when the long tail is on the positive side
Pareto Graph
bar graphs in which the highest represents frequency
relative frequency distribution
how often something happens divided by all of the outcomes
bimodal distribution
is a continuous probability distribution with two different modes. These appear as distinct peaks (local maxima) in the probability density function
histogram
is a graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data. It is an estimate of the probability distribution of a continuous variable (quantitative variable) and was first introduced by Karl Pearson.
skewed right
is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued rndom variable.
cumulative frequency
is defined as a running total of frequencies. The frequency of an element in a set refers to how many of that element there are in the set. Cumulative frequency can also defined as the sum of all previous frequencies up to the current point
Leaf
last digits
uniform distribution
sometimes also known as a rectangular distribution, is a distribution that has constant probability. the latter of which simplifies to the expected for . The continuous distribution is implemented as UniformDistribution[a, b].
stratified sampling
surveying groups in a population with similar characteristics
systematic sampling
surveying while using a method like "surveying every third person to walk into a bar"
class width
the difference of the largest data value and the smallest data value divided by the desired number of classes
frequency distrubution
the number of times given group of numbers occurs in a set of data
frequency
the rate at which numbers appear
cluster sampling
used by government agencies usually by racial groups in certain cities or gangs in cities.
convience sampling
using data that is already available for sampling