Procedures Exam 3

For the lateral projection of the scapula, the body is placed in which position?

45- to 60-degree anterior oblique

Which image of the elbow best demonstrates the Trochlea and the Coronoid process in profile?

AP internal / medial rotation

Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head and tuberosity free of superimposition?

AP oblique with external rotation

How is the upper extremity positioned for an AP scapula?

Abducted 90 degrees, with elbow flexed

How should the humeral epicondyles be aligned for a lateral projection of the elbow?

Perpendicular to image receptor

Which of the following joints is considered to have a ball and socket (spheroidal) type of movement?

Scapulohumeral joint

Which two of the following should be demonstrated on the AP projection of the humerus? (Select all that apply.)

Shoulder joint Elbow joint

Which routine projection of the elbow will best demonstrate an elevated or visible posterior fat pad?

True lateral with 90° flexion

he clavicle is classified as a(n) _____ bone.

long

ulna

medial bone of the forearm

Trochlea

a smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

origin of flexor carpi radialis

The AP humerus requires that the humeral epicondyles are _____ to the IR.

parallel

To demonstrate the greater tubercle of the humerus on an AP projection of the shoulder, the epicondyles must be:

parallel with the plane of the IR.

The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the:

radial head.

The head of the radius articulates on the medial side with the:

radial notch

A less than optimal lateral humerus projection demonstrating the capitulum positioned posterior to the medial trochlea

will be obtained when the distal forearm is not brought close enough to the torso.

What anatomic structure is shown in profile on an AP projection of the humerus?

Greater tubercle

Which rotation of the humerus will result in a lateral position of the proximal humerus?

Internal rotation (epicondyles perpendicular to image receptor)

The female clavicle is usually shorter and less curved than that of the male.

True

What is the name of the large fossa found within the anterior surface of the scapula?

subscapular fossa

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral projection of the humerus?

Midpoint of the humerus

Where is the central ray directed for an AP projection of the humerus?

Midpoint of the humerus

Which AP projection of the shoulder and proximal humerus is created by placing the affected palm of the hand facing inward toward the thigh?

Neutral rotation

How far above the humeral head should the upper margin of the IR be placed for an AP humerus?

1 1/2 inches

A PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1. the superior angle of the scapula at the same transverse level as the clavicle. 2. superimposed scapular borders. 3. a laterally situated glenoid fossa. 4. the coracoid, acromion, and humerus creating the arms and leg of the Y formation.

1 and 2 only

Which of the following must be clearly demonstrated on an lateral projection of the humerus? 1. Elbow joint 2. Glenoid cavity 3. Shoulder joint

1 and 3

An AP shoulder projection obtained with the humeral epicondyles positioned parallel with the IR demonstrates the 1. greater tubercle in profile laterally. 2. lesser tubercle in profile medially. 3. humeral head in profile medially. 4. greater tubercle superimposed over the humeral head.

1 and 3 only

The arms of the Y on a PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection are formed by the 1. coracoid. 2. scapular body. 3. acromion. 4. glenoid fossa.

1 and 3 only

A lateral scapular projection with accurate positioning obtained with the humerus abducted to a 90-degree angle with the body demonstrates 1. superimposition of the lateral and vertebral scapular borders. 2. the scapula in a Y formation. 3. the superior scapular angle inferior to the coracoid. 4. the midscapular body in the center of the collimated field.

1 and 4 only

For an AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method), the 1. patient's midcoronal plane is rotated to a 35- to 45-degree angle with the IR. 2. central ray is centered to the coracoid process. 3. patient is rotated toward the affected shoulder. 4. image is obtained with the patient in an upright position.

1, 2, 3, and 4

For an AP shoulder projection, the 1. shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR. 2. central ray is centered 1 inch (2.5 cm) inferior to the coracoid. 3. imaginary line connecting the humeral epicondyles is positioned at a 45-degree angle to the IR. 4. central ray is angled cephalically when a kyphotic patient is imaged

1, 2, 3, and 4

Which of the following should be on the same plane for a lateral projection of the elbow? 1. Wrist joint 2. Elbow joint 3. Shoulder joint

1, 2, and 3

An AP axial clavicle projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the 1. medial clavicular end superimposed over the first and second ribs. 2. middle and lateral thirds of the clavicle superior to the acromion. 3. clavicle bowing upward. 4. medial clavicular end superimposed over the vertebral column.

1, 2, and 3 only

An AP elbow projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1. the medial and lateral humeral epicondyles in profile. 2. the radial tuberosity in profile medially .3. an open capitulum-radial joint. 4. the ulna free of radial head and radial tuberosity superimposition.

1, 2, and 3 only

An AP elbow projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1. the medial and lateral humeral epicondyles in profile. 2. the radial tuberosity in profile medially. 3. an open capitulum-radial joint. 4. the ulna free of radial head and radial tuberosity superimposition.

1, 2, and 3 only

For an AP axial clavicle projection, 1. the patient's shoulders are positioned at equal distances from the IR. 2. the central ray is angled 15 to 30 degrees cephalad. 3. a compensating filter is positioned over or under the lateral clavicle. 4. the central ray is centered halfway between the medial and lateral clavicular ends.

1, 2, and 4 only

For an AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method), the patient is rotated more than 45 degrees when the patient is 1. recumbent. 2. kyphotic. 3. seated. 4. upright and leaning against the upright IR holder.

1, 2, and 4 only

For an AP scapular projection, the 1. patient's arm is abducted 90 degrees to the body. 2. image is exposed on expiration. 3. patient's upper midcoronal plane leans slightly away from the IR. 4. central ray is centered 2 inches (5 cm) inferior to the coracoid.

1, 2, and 4 only

For an externally rotated AP oblique elbow projection with accurate positioning, the 1. capitulum is in profile. 2. capitulum-radial joint space is open. 3. coronoid process is in profile 4. ulna is demonstrated without radial head superimposition.

1, 2, and 4 only

For an externally rotated AP oblique elbow projection with accurate positioning, the 1. capitulum is in profile. 2. capitulum-radial joint space is open. 3. coronoid process is in profile. 4. ulna is demonstrated without radial head superimposition.

1, 2, and 4 only

Which of the following are in profile on an optimally positioned AP humerus projection? 1. Lateral epicondyle 2. Medial epicondyle 3. Lesser tubercle 4. Greater tubercle

1, 2, and 4 only

A lateral elbow projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1. an open elbow joint space. 2. the radial head distal to the coronoid process. 3. the radius superimposing the radial tuberosity. 4. the anterior fat pad.

1, 3, and 4 only

An AP scapular projection with accurate positioning demonstrates 1. almost superimposed anterior and posterior glenoid fossa margins. 2. the vertebral scapular border without thoracic cavity superimposition. 3. the humeral shaft at a 90-degree angle with the body. 4. the superior scapular angle without clavicular superimposition.

1, 3, and 4 only

An AP elbow projection obtained with the elbow internally rotated demonstrates 1. the radial tuberosity in profile. 2. an open capitulum-radial joint space. 3. more than 0.25 inch (0.6 cm) of radial head and ulnar superimposition. 4. less than 0.25 inch (0.6 cm) of radial head and ulnar superimposition.

2 and 3 only

An AP shoulder projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the 1. glenoid fossa in profile. 2. superior scapular body-centered within the collimated field. 3. superolateral scapular border without thorax superimposition. 4. superior scapular angle superior to the mid clavicle.

2 and 3 only

Where is the CR centered for the AP oblique (Grashey method) position for the glenoid cavity?

2 inches (5 cm) medial and inferior to the superolateral border of shoulder

An AP oblique shoulder projection (Grashey method) with accurate positioning demonstrates 1. the glenoid fossa in profile and facing superiorly. 2. an open glenohumeral joint space. 3. a longitudinally foreshortened clavicle. 4. the glenohumeral joint in the center of the collimated field.

2, 3, and 4 only

The lesser tubercle is demonstrated in profile on a(n) 1. neutral AP shoulder projection. 2. lateral humeral projection 3. transthoracic lateral proximal humeral projection. 4. inferosuperior axial shoulder projection.

2, 3, and 4 only

A lateral elbow projection obtained with the wrist and hand pronated demonstrates 1. the radial head anterior to the coronoid. 2. the radial tuberosity in profile anteriorly. 3. an open elbow joint. 4. the radial tuberosity in profile posteriorly.

3 and 4 only

An internally rotated AP oblique elbow projection with accurate positioning demonstrates which of the following structures in profile? 1. Capitulum 2. Radial head 3. Medial trochlea 4. Coronoid process

3 and 4 only

For a PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection, the patient's 1. humerus is elevated until the hand is placed on the hip. 2. body is rotated toward the unaffected shoulder. 3. body is rotated until an imaginary line connecting the acromion angle and coracoid processes is aligned parallel with the IR. 4. midcoronal plane is vertical.

3 and 4 only

How much CR angulation is required for an asthenic patient for an AP axial projection of the clavicle?

30°

How many degrees should the elbow be angled for an AP oblique projection in medial rotation?

45 degrees

How many degrees is the elbow flexed for the lateral projection of the elbow?

90

What type of compensating filter is recommended for an AP shoulder projection?

Boomerang

Which of the following structures is not part of the proximal humerus?

Glenoid process

Which of the following shoulder projections best demonstrates the glenoid cavity in profile?

Grashey method

All of these projections can be used to demonstrate the clavicle, except:

Lateral.

A radiograph of the elbow demonstrates the radius directly superimposed over the ulna and the coronoid process in profile. Which projection of the elbow has been performed?

Medial (internal) rotation oblique

What structure is shown in profile on a lateral projection of the elbow?

Olecranon process

The PA oblique projection of the shoulder joint (scapular Y) is performed in which of the following positions?

RAO or LAO

Which term describes the medial end of the clavicle?

Sternal extremity

Which of the following positions of the hand will place the epicondyles parallel with the plane of the IR?

Supination

Which of the following breathing techniques should be used for a lateral projection of the humerus?

Suspended respiration

Which two structures form the distal radioulnar joint?

Ulnar notch and head of ulna

Patients often arrive in the radiology department with trauma to the shoulder. Which of the following positions is recommended for x-ray examination of the shoulder on these patients?

Upright

To properly position an AP humerus, place the elbow at the _____ end of the tube, _____ the hand and wrist, and align the humeral condyles _____ with the IR.

anode; supinate; parallel

head of humerus

articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula

Capitulum (lateral condyle)

articulates with radius

The central area of the long cylindrical shaft of the radius, ulna, and humerus is called the:

body.

The anterior surface of the scapula is referred to as the:

costal surface.

For an AP oblique (Grashey method) projection of the shoulder, the CR is centered to the acromion.

false

The scapula is classified as a(n) _____ bone.

flat

radial tuberosity.

insertion of biceps brachii

Coronoid process of ulna

insertion of brachialis

An optimal AP elbow projection is obtained when

the radial head superimposes the lateral aspect of the proximal ulna by 0.25 inch (0.6 cm).

lateral (axillary) border of scapula

thickest part of bone head of scapula (glenoid cavity) neck of scapula inferior to head

Humerus

upper arm bone

The position recommended to increase patient comfort when performing an AP projection of the humerus is:

upright.

What two bony landmarks are palpated for positioning of the AP elbow?

Humeral epicondyles

Which projection of the shoulder requires that the patient be rotated 45° to 60° toward the IR from a PA position?

Lateral scapula projection

Which of the following methods is used when the arm cannot be abducted for the standard AP or lateral projection of the humerus?

Lawrence

What anatomic structure is shown in profile on a lateral projection of the humerus?

Lesser tubercle

Where is the CR centered for a transthoracic lateral projection for proximal humerus?

Level of surgical neck

How is the upper extremity positioned for the lateral projection of the humerus?

Medially rotated to place humeral epicondyles perpendicular to the IR

How much CR angulation should be used for a PA oblique (scapular Y) projection?

No CR angle is required.

What are the names of the two small depressions found on the anterior aspect of the distal humerus?

Radial and coronoid fossa

Which of the follow statements is true as demonstrated on a lateral elbow projection?

When the wrist is in a lateral projection, the radial tuberosity is superimposed by the radius.

To elevate the clavicle above the ribs and scapula for the AP axial projection, the phase of respiration should be:

full inspiration.

When the patient is positioned properly for a lateral projection of the scapula, the body of the scapula will be _____ the plane of the IR.

perpendicular to

All of the following positions of the humerus are commonly used when performing an AP projection of the shoulder, except:

superior rotation

The area of the proximal humerus located directly below the tubercles, which is the site of many fractures, is called the:

surgical neck.

medial (vertebral) border of scapula

thin, long border that runs roughly parallel to the vertebral column

olcranon process

tip of ulna, back of elbow