PS 103 Exam 1
Humans can synthesize how many of the amino acids needed for protein synthesis?
11
The average DRI for number of calories for women is:
2,200
How many animo acids are used for protein synthesis?
20
Plants can synthesize how many of the amino acids needed for protein synthesis?
20
How many hectares of cropland are lost each year? a. 1 million c. 10 million b. 5 million d. 15 million
B
How many native people were estimated to have been in the Americas at the time of Columbus's arrival? a. 20 million c. 100 million b. 70 million d. 200 million
B
How much of the world's population faces food insecurity? a. 6 percent c. 26 percent b. 17 percent d. 36 percent
B
Match the type of financial support to its definition. a. commodity payment b. disaster payment c. conservation payment emergency payment when yields are low or nonexistent due to poor conditions
B
Mesopotamia was an area of land within which region? a. East Asia c. Central America b. Near East d. South America
B
Monocots have how many cotyledons? a. none c. two b. one d. four
B
Recreational turf crops include: a. Kentucky bluegrass and wheat b. Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass c. Kentucky bluegrass and rye d. wheat and rye
B
Rice was first domesticated in which region? a. Egypt c. Mesopotamia b. Southern China d. South America
B
Scientific names use what type of nomenclature system? a. the monomial system c. the trinomial system b. the binomial system d. the quadrinomial system
B
The budget of the USDA in 2011 was approximately how much? a. $93 billion c. $204 billion b. $146 billion d. $317 billion
B
The production of which crops contributed to slavery? a. wheat and corn c. corn and soybean b. tobacco and cotton d. squash and beans
B
What percentage of the medicines used today were originally discovered in plants? a. 40 c. 60 b. 50 d. 70
B
Which of the following is NOT a small grain crop? a. wheat c. barley b. corn d. oats
B
Which of the following is NOT associated with precision agriculture? a. GPS c. computer b. corn hybridization d. yield monitor
B
Which of the following is a correct designation for a township? a. T7WR2S c. T7NR2W b. T7SR2N d. T7ER2W
C
Which of the following is the largest use of water in the United States? a. drinking water c. agriculture b. industry d. swimming pools
C
Which two crops lead in exports from the United States? a. wheat and corn c. soybean and corn b. rice and wheat d. soybean and rice
C
The measure of the value of a nation's total production is their ____________
Gross domestic product (GDP)
41. Legislation that provided a United States citizen, 21 years or older, the right to claim 160 acres of public land was called ___________________________.
Homestead Act of 1862
Has this food category's consumption increased or decreased in the past 30 years in America: Added sugars
Increased
Has this food category's consumption increased or decreased in the past 30 years in America: Dairy Products
Increased
Has this food category's consumption increased or decreased in the past 30 years in America: Fats and Oils
Increased
Has this food category's consumption increased or decreased in the past 30 years in America: Grains
Increased
Has this food category's consumption increased or decreased in the past 30 years in America: fruits and vegetables
Increased
Has this food category's consumption increased or decreased in the past 30 years in America: Meats
Increased (overall)
Classify as mono, di, or polysaccharide?: Lactose
Disaccharide
Classify as mono, di, or polysaccharide?: Maltose
Disaccharide
Classify as mono, di, or polysaccharide?: Sucrose
Disaccharide
34. _________ is the adapting or taming of wild species of plants or animals in order to be utilized by humans.
Domestication
Americans consume more milk than soft drinks. T/F
False - 21 gallons of milk and 46 gallons of pop
Lactose is composed of two fructose molecules. T/F
False - glucose and galactose
It presently takes 9 kilograms of fuel to produce 1 kilocalorie of food in the United States. T/F
False- 10 kilocalories/kilograms?
Globally, it is estimated that about 2 million deaths occur each year due to a combination of malnutrition and undernutrition. T/F
False- 20 million deaths
Oils are lipids derived from animals, whereas fats are extracted from plants. T/F
False- Fats from animals and oils from plants
Low-density cholesterol removes excess cholesterol from the blood. T/F
False- High density
Two-thirds of American adults are classified as obese. T/F
False- One-third and 2/3 overweight
Inulin is the storage carbohydrate found in animals. T/F
False- Plants/roots/tubers
Swine have specialized digestive systems that can digest cellulose. T/F
False- Swine cannot digest cellulose
The vascular bundles are also known as ground tissue. T/F
False- Xylem and Phloem
Animal fats are not typically saturated. T/F
False- saturated are animals, unsaturated are not animals
Collenchyma cells are found in all plant organs. T/F
False-Parenchyma
Most plant protein sources are deficient in one or more of the essential amino acids. T/F
False-can make all 20
Fiber is easily digested by humans. T/F
False-cannot digest f
The patterns of food consumption for Americans has remained constant for the past century. T/F
False-changed dramatically
Crown formers generally reproduce vegetatively. T/F
False-clone formers
Consumption of red meat has increased in the past 30 years. T/F
False-declined a lot, but meat overall has increased
Grasses typically have taproot systems T/F
False-fibrous
Stamens are the female component of the flower. T/F
False-male
Dietary fiber, cholesterol, fat, and trans fats are all essential nutrients. T/F
False-not essential nutrients
Incomplete flowers have a stamen and a pistil. T/F
False-perfect
The most widely consumed carbohydrate by humans is cellulose. T/F
False-starch
Dandelions have fibrous root systems. T/F
False-taproot
Stomata are more numerous on the upper surface of leaves, T/F
False-underside
White flour is a whole grain product. T/F
False= endosperm product
33. The earliest site of crop and animal domestication occurred in the ______________.
Fertile Crescent
Match the crop with the area of domestication. Wheat 42. East Asia 43. North America 44. Central America 45. Fertile Crescent
Fertile Crescent
Match the crop to the crop category in which it is most commonly used. Cotton 45. fiber 46. cereal 47. turf 48. pulse 49. sugar 50. biofuel 51. forage 52. tuber
Fiber
Match the crop to the crop category in which it is most commonly used. Alfalfa 45. fiber 46. cereal 47. turf 48. pulse 49. sugar 50. biofuel 51. forage 52. tuber
Forage
A tendril is a modified ___________
leaf
The plant organ where the majority of photosynthesis and transpiration occur in the
leaf
Match the inflorescence to the plant. panicle, head, spike, umbel, raceme. ALFALFA
raceme
_______________ is an example of a perennial fiber crop.
ramie fiber
The _____________ aquifer, one of the largest underground bodies of fresh water, is being depleted faster than it can be recharged due to irrigation in the Plains states.
Ogllala
Which component should comprise the least amount of a person's diet according to MyPyramid?
Oils-least. Grains-most
____________ percent of the population of the United States is directly involved in farming.
One
Match the crop to the crop category in which it is most commonly used. Soybean 45. fiber 46. cereal 47. turf 48. pulse 49. sugar 50. biofuel 51. forage 52. tuber
Pulse
Match the psychoactive crop with its active ingredient. Salvia 53. Caffeine 54. Salvinorin A 55. Nicotine 56. Mescaline 57. Tetrahydrocannabinal 58. Cocaine
Salvinorin A
Match the inflorescence to the plant. panicle, head, spike, umbel, raceme. WHEAT
Spike
Match the crop to the crop category in which it is most commonly used. Sugar cane 45. fiber 46. cereal 47. turf 48. pulse 49. sugar 50. biofuel 51. forage 52. tuber
Sugar
A large dairy farm may have 1,000 cows or more.
T
Agricultural crops were the foundation for the diets of the Native American Hidatsa tribe.
T
Agriculture has been instrumental in the development of human civilizations.
T
Another name for alfalfa is lucerne.
T
Bioenergy crops are a renewable energy source.
T
Carolus Linnaeus first developed the binomial nomenclature system of plant identification.
T
Cereal grain production and the number of hungry people were both at record highs in 2008.
T
Cereals store energy in their seeds as starch.
T
Common names for plants vary over geographical regions or countries.
T
Corn, soybean, wheat, and hay are grown on over 50 percent of cropland in the United States.
T
Cotton fiber consists mostly of cellulose.
T
Dicots have two cotyledons within their seeds.
T
Flax is an example of a fiber crop.
T
Having a reliable and healthy food source is essential to our nation's security.
T
In theory, there should be adequate levels of food available to meet the needs of the world's population.
T
It is projected that global warming will lead to a net loss of cropland.
T
Large farms have higher profit margins than small farms.
T
Medical science has been a major factor in prolonging life.
T
Most farms in the United States are family farms.
T
Most of the cost of food that consumers pay goes to other parts of agribusiness besides farming.
T
New crops were introduced to different regions by trading between tribes and by immigration.
T
One of the most important exports for the colonists was tobacco.
T
The Bering Land Bridge is now submerged.
T
The Roman Empire was responsible for advancing agriculture throughout their territories.
T
The difference between a cereal crop and a grain crop is that grain crops include nongrasses.
T
The earliest Native Americans would have encountered species such as wooly mammoths and giant sloths.
T
The economic demand for food is less in developing countries, which in turn results in lower levels of either food production or distribution.
T
The first domestication of crops and livestock occurred at the same time as the beginnings of human civilization.
T
The original breakfast cereals were developed by the Kelloggs in 1900.
T
The production and distribution of food is often a method of control of the people by governments.
T
The size of the average American farm is 444 acres or 180 hectares.
T
The support of Native Americans was critical to the survival of the Lewis and Clark expedition.
T
There is more land enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program than in the Wetland Reserve Program.
T
Turkey was one of the few animals domesticated by Native Americans.
T
Wheat was the most important crop for early colonists.
T
Match the psychoactive crop with its active ingredient. Marijuana 53. Caffeine 54. Salvinorin A 55. Nicotine 56. Mescaline 57. Tetrahydrocannabinal 58. Cocaine
Tetrahydrocannabinal
In 2008, about 14.6 percent of American households reported being food insecure. T/F
True- about 17.1 million households
Match the crop to the crop category in which it is most commonly used. Potato 45. fiber 46. cereal 47. turf 48. pulse 49. sugar 50. biofuel 51. forage 52. tuber
Tuber
Match the crop to the crop category in which it is most commonly used. Kentucky bluegrass 45. fiber 46. cereal 47. turf 48. pulse 49. sugar 50. biofuel 51. forage 52. tuber
Turf
Match the inflorescence to the plant. panicle, head, spike, umbel, raceme. CARROT
Umbel
________ is describes as an insufficient number of calories to maintain the daily energy requirement.
Undernutrition
Which country pays the least per capita income on food?
United states
When one firm owns several stages of the production of food or fiber, it is called _____________
Vertical integration
____________ are small organic compounds important in regulation of metabolism
Vitamins
___________ is the study of the internal tissues and cells of plants
anatomy
Where is the location of each meristem? intercalary meristem
base of internodes in grasses
The ________ is the flat part of the grass leaf
blade
The most prevalent nutrients in plant parts and seeds are:
carbohydrates
What fruit type is this plant? fleshy, dehiscent, indehiscent, caryopsis. CORN
caryopsis
What fruit type is this plant? fleshy, dehiscent, indehiscent, caryopsis. WHEAT
caryopsis
The long-chained glucose polymer important in the structural support of plants is:
cellulose
Which of the following is a perfect protein to meet human nutritional needs?
chicken eggs
The most consumed fruit group in the United States is:
citrus
A ____________________ crop is seeded with another crop to provide erosion control, weed control, and insurance against loss of the other crop.
companion
An example of a monoecious plant is:
corn
The leading crop used for ethanol production is:
corn
Which of the following is NOT a modified stem? rhizome, cortex, tuber, bulb
cortex
A crop that protects the soil when summer annuals such as corn and soybean are not present is called a ____________________ crop.
cover
The waxy covering over the epidermis is called the _______
cuticle
____________________ is a compound found in moldy sweet clover hay that has hemorrhagic properties.
dicoumarol
Carbohydrates that are composed of two monosaccharides are called ________________
disaccharides
One of the primary byproducts from corn ethanol production is ___________ grain.
distillers
All living organisms and nonliving materials are made of ___________
elements
Which compromises the majority of a whole grain kernel?
endosperm
Whole grain products include ____________, _______________, and __________ of the grain kernel.
endosperm, bran, and germ
Nutrients from plant and animal sources consumed by humans are used for _______,___________, and ____________
energy, structure, and metabolism
When refined flour products have nutrients added back, they are ________
enriched
Which of the following is the outer protective cell layer on the stem and leaves.
epidermis
The two primary types of seed emergence are _________ and _________
epigeal and hypogeal
Norman Borlaug stated that in addition to technology, __________________ is needed to fight world hunger.
equitability of distribution
Which of the following is NOT a major class of plant hormone? auxin, gibberellin, ethylene, ethanol
ethanol
Lipids from animals are solid at room temperature and called __________; lipids are from plants are liquid at room temperature and called ___________
fats; oils
What fruit type is this plant? fleshy, dehiscent, indehiscent, caryopsis. APPLE
fleshy
What fruit type is this plant? fleshy, dehiscent, indehiscent, caryopsis. PUMPKIN
fleshy
What fruit type is this plant? fleshy, dehiscent, indehiscent, caryopsis. SQUASH
fleshy
What fruit type is this plant? fleshy, dehiscent, indehiscent, caryopsis. TOMATO
fleshy
The individual flowers in an inflorescence are called _______
florets
A crop whose vegetative parts—including stems, leaves, and sometimes seed or grain—are used for livestock feed is called a ____________________ crop.
forages
_________ chickens are raised on pasture and forage for insects with some supplementation of grains to their diets
free-range
Sucrose is composed of which two compounds?
fructose and glucose
A ripened or mature ovary containing the seed or seeds is called the _____________
fruit
The first step in the development of a plant from seed is called __________
germination
In addition to fructose, what is the other monosaccharide in high fructose corn syrup?
glucose
Lactose is composed of two monosaccharides called ___________ and _____________
glucose and galactose
A crop planted for the purpose of adding nutrients to the soil is called a ________ crop.
green manure
Forages can be stored as _______________ or _______________.
hay, silage
Match the inflorescence to the plant. panicle, head, spike, umbel, raceme. CANADA THISTLE
head
Match the inflorescence to the plant. panicle, head, spike, umbel, raceme. SUNFLOWER
head
Which of the following is most likely to be a health risk as a result of obesity? high blood pressure, type 1 diabetes, osteoporosis, allergies
high blood pressure, cancer, type 2 diabetes
Chemicals that are produced by plants to regulate growth and development are called plant ______________
hormones
The process of making white flour from the wheat grains is called ____________
refining
The three vegetative organs of the plant body are ______, ________, and _________
roots, stems, and leaves
Animals like cattle and sheep that can digest cellulose are called __________
ruminants
Which of the following foods is high in omega-3 fatty acids?
salmon
40. The type of agriculture where crops and livestock were raised for the use of the farmer's family with little to spare is called __________ agriculture.
subsistence
The two most common types of root systems are _______ and __________
taproot and fibrous
____________________ is a system of organizing all life based on similar genetic or morphological characteristics.
taxonomy
Match the inflorescence to the plant. panicle, head, spike, umbel, raceme. BIRD'S FOOD TREFOIL
umbel
Which of the following vitamins can be synthesized upon exposure to sunlight?
vitamin D
Match the crop with the area of domestication. Sunflower 42. East Asia 43. North America 44. Central America 45. Fertile Crescent
North America
Plant families end in the suffix _______________.
-aceae
What are characteristics of monocots?
1 cotyledon, usually herbaceous, linear leaves with parallel veins, vascular bundles scattered in stem, fibrous root systems, hypogeal germination
A typical Conservation Reserve Program contract with a landowner is usually _________ year(s) in length.
10
Match the implement with the era from which it was widely used. Grain cradle 46. 1600 to 1700s 47. 1800 to 1900s 48. 1900 to 2000s
1600 to 1700s
How many minerals are essential to the human diet?
17
Match the implement with the era from which it was widely used. Combine 46. 1600 to 1700s 47. 1800 to 1900s 48. 1900 to 2000s
1800 to 1900s
Match the implement with the era from which it was widely used. Gasoline-powered tractor 46. 1600 to 1700s 47. 1800 to 1900s 48. 1900 to 2000s
1900 to 2000s
What are characteristics of dicots?
2 cotyledons, herbaceous or woody, leaves with netted venation, vascular bundles in a ring, taproot system, usually epigeal germination
How many more calories per day does the average American now consume compared to 1970?
600
How many essential vitamins must be obtained from the diet?
9
How many elements occur naturally?
91
Each American farmer provides food and fiber for approximately how many people? a. 150 c. 750 b. 300 d. 1000
A
Match the type of financial support to its definition. a. commodity payment b. disaster payment c. conservation payment direct payment or price support
A
Ruminants, unlike most nonruminants, are able to digest: a. cellulose c. starch b. protein d. fat
A
The Anasazi lived in what part of the United States? a. Southwest c. Northwest b. Southeast d. Northeast
A
The percent of total energy that agriculture in the United States uses directly or indirectly is: a. 2 percent c. 20 percent b. 10 percent d. 22 percent
A
There are approximately how many farms in the United States? a. 2 million c. 8 million b. 6 million d. 10 million
A
Which are the leading livestock exports from the United States? a. beef and pork c. poultry and pork b. beef and poultry d. All answers are correct.
A
What percentage of energy worldwide used by humans comes from biomass crops?
About 4%. 15 percent are nonrenewable, including biomass
________________ land is land that is used or potentially could be used as cropland.
Arable
__________ includes all firms engaged in producing, processing, transporting, marketing, and distribution of products in the food and fiber sector.
Agribusiness
The ___________________ is the primary scientific research agency of the USDA.
Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS)
35. ____________________ is the practice of cultivating land to raise food, feed, fiber, or fuel from crops or livestock.
Agriculture
_________________ is defined as the production of crops while sustaining the soil and environment.
Agronomy
____________________ describes the production of energy from biological systems.
Bioenergy
Match the crop to the crop category in which it is most commonly used. Switchgrass 45. fiber 46. cereal 47. turf 48. pulse 49. sugar 50. biofuel 51. forage 52. tuber
Biofuel
Which crop did Columbus introduce to Europe? a. wheat c. tobacco b. apple d. potato
C
Which of the following is NOT a cereal crop? a. corn c. soybean b. wheat d. rice
C
A scientific name is composed of: a. cultivar and genus c. genus and species b. family and genus d. family and species
C
An example of a sugar crop is: a. soybean c. corn b. wheat d. alfalfa
C
Match the type of financial support to its definition. a. commodity payment b. disaster payment c. conservation payment payment to reduce production of crops on environmentally sensitive land
C
Opium poppy is an example of what type of crop? a. a medicinal crop c. a medicinal and psychoactive crop b. a psychoactive crop d. none of the above
C
The USDA has established how many classes of farms? a. three c. five b. four d. six
C
The trend in farm size and crop diversity is: a. smaller size, more diversity c. larger size, less diversity b. larger size, more diversity d. smaller size, less diversity
C
What is typically planted on Conservation Reserve Program land? a. corn c. native grasses b. soybeans d. wheat or barley
C
What percentage of the United States land resource is devoted directly or indirectly to agriculture? a. 15 c. 50 b. 25 d. 75
C
When were crops first domesticated? a. 1,000 years ago c. 10,000 years ago b. 5,000 years ago d. 15,000 years ago
C
Match the psychoactive crop with its active ingredient. Coffee 53. Caffeine 54. Salvinorin A 55. Nicotine 56. Mescaline 57. Tetrahydrocannabinal 58. Cocaine
Caffeine
The energy we consume as food is measured in what unit?
Calories
___________ and ____________ are the top countries from which the United States imports agricultural products
Canada, Mexico
____________ are the compounds in which the sun's energy is captured during photosynthesis.
Carbohydrates
Match the crop with the area of domestication. Corn 42. East Asia 43. North America 44. Central America 45. Fertile Crescent
Central America
Match the crop to the crop category in which it is most commonly used. Wheat 45. fiber 46. cereal 47. turf 48. pulse 49. sugar 50. biofuel 51. forage 52. tuber
Cereal
Match the psychoactive crop with its active ingredient. Coca 53. Caffeine 54. Salvinorin A 55. Nicotine 56. Mescaline 57. Tetrahydrocannabinal 58. Cocaine
Cocaine
37. The trade of crops, livestock, diseases, and people that occurred between the New World and the Old World after Columbus's voyage to the New World is called the ____________.
Columbian Exchange
The three types of financial support given to farmers by the USDA are_______, _________, and ________.
Commodity payments, Conservation payments, and Disaster payments
A farm can be defined as: a. a plot of land devoted to agriculture and to the raising of crops and livestock b. a place where people live and practice stewardship of the land c. a place from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products are sold d. All answers are correct.
D
A large farm as characterized by the USDA would best be described as having: a. 100 acres and $10,000 in sales c. 1,000 acres and $100,000 in sales b. 500 acres and $50,000 in sales d. 2,500 acres and $500,000 in sales
D
Chemical inputs became common in agriculture around what time period? a. 1800 c. after WWI b. 1850 d. after WWII
D
Grasses that produce edible grains are called: a. turf crops c. pulse crops b. fiber crops d. cereal crops
D
Migration of early humans into North America occurred approximately how many years ago? a. 2,000 to 4,000 c. 12,000 to 15,000 b. 5,000 to 10,000 d. 20,000 to 25,000
D
The 2008 Farm Bill will govern federal agricultural programs until which year? a. 2010 c. 2012 b. 2011 d. 2013
D
The number of man-hours to produce 100 bushels of wheat on 3 acres in 2000 is: a. 45 c. 4 b. 15 d. 2
D
The term "acre" was brought to the United States from which country? a. France c. Italy b. Germany d. England
D
Which is NOT an example of a root or tuber crop? a. Irish potato c. cassava b. sweet potato d. peanut
D
Which is NOT one of the possible reasons crops were first domesticated? a. Climate changes resulted in favorable growing conditions. b. Technology developed to cultivate large quantities of grain. c. Human populations were becoming increasingly sedentary. d. Many animal species became extinct.
D
Which of the following animals is a ruminant? a. pig c. chicken b. horse d. cow
D
Which of the following countries did NOT see great benefits as a result of the Green Revolution? a. Mexico c. Pakistan b. India d. Sudan
D
Which of the following plant families are most important agronomically? a. Rosaceae and Poaceae c. Magnoliaceae and Poaceae b. Magnoliaceae and Rosaceae d. Fabaceae and Poaceae
D
Which was the first widely used herbicide? a. atrazine c. glyphosate b. treflan d. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
D
Grain sorghum stems are pressed to extract sugars to produce syrup.
F
Has this food category's consumption increased or decreased in the past 30 years in America: Eggs
Decreased
Has this food category's consumption increased or decreased in the past 30 years in America: Milk
Decreased
Has this food category's consumption increased or decreased in the past 30 years in America: Red Meat
Decreased
Grazed forestland and rangeland are used more intensively than cropland.
F
Hunters and gatherers tend to have a limited diet.
F
Match the crop with the area of domestication. Rice 42. East Asia 43. North America 44. Central America 45. Fertile Crescent
East Asia
In 2003, energy costs accounted for 35 percent of total crop production costs.
F
Lack of food availability is primarily an issue of technology, not politics.
F
Land ownership by individuals was common in Native American cultures.
F
More people in the United States are now employed directly in agriculture than at any time in history.
F
Match the type emergence to the crop. epigeal, hypogeal. COTTON
Epigeal
Match the type emergence to the crop. epigeal, hypogeal. SOYBEAN
Epigeal
Most farms do not rely on off-farm income.
F
Most pulses can be eaten raw.
F
Native Americans consumed only raw foods.
F
Native Americans did not utilize fire as a method to manipulate vegetation.
F
Native Americans had cleared all the forests of the East Coast prior to the arrival of Europeans.
F
People in developing countries have an average income of $4,500.
F
Plant orders are grouped together into families based on floral, fruit, or genetic characteristics.
F
Silage is harvested at 20 percent moisture.
F
The USDA was created in the 1900s.
F
The diet of a ruminant consists of mostly fruit.
F
The earliest Native Americans were Neanderthals.
F
There are many productive lands available in which to expand crop production.
F
There was one major region of the world where crops were domesticated.
F
11. Energy use worldwide is evenly distributed in developed and developing countries.
F
A farm in Montana would tend to be smaller than one in Vermont.
F
A hobby farm is self-supporting, with sales of at least $100,000.
F
Americans pay about 30 percent of their disposable income on food.
F
An example of a cover crop is corn.
F
Fruit and vegetables are common agricultural products that the United States exports to Mexico.
F
About 63 percent of U.S. agricultural products are exported to other countries.
F, about 25%
__________ is when one or more essential nutrients are lacking even though caloric intake is sufficient.
Malnutrition
The _________________________ classifies countries by their level of well-being on the basis of education, standard of living, and life expectancy.
Human Development Index
Match the type emergence to the crop, epieal, hypogeal. CORN
Hypogeal
Match the type emergence to the crop, epigeal, hypogeal. WHEAT
Hypogeal
Match the psychoactive crop with its active ingredient. Peyote 53. Caffeine 54. Salvinorin A 55. Nicotine 56. Mescaline 57. Tetrahydrocannabinal 58. Cocaine
Mescaline
___________ refers to all the biochemical reactions throughout the body and their regulation.
Metabolism
Most of the corn ethanol refineries are located in the _________ region of the United States
Midwest
Classify as mono, di, or polysaccharide?: Fructose
Monosaccharide
Classify as mono, di, or polysaccharide?: Galactose
Monosaccharide
Classify as mono, di, or polysaccharide?: Glucose
Monosaccharide
Match the psychoactive crop with its active ingredient. Tobacco 53. Caffeine 54. Salvinorin A 55. Nicotine 56. Mescaline 57. Tetrahydrocannabinal 58. Cocaine
Nicotine
Potato, jimsonweed, mandrake, and tobacco are members of the ___________ family.
Nightshade
Which four elements compose 96% of Earth's total mass.
Oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon
Ground tissue is composed of ________, ____________, and __________ cells.
Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma
Which of the following transports sucrose throughout the plant? epidermis, phloem, xylem, meristems
Phloem
Classify as mono, di, or polysaccharide?: Cellulose
Polysaccharide
Classify as mono, di, or polysaccharide?: Glycogen
Polysaccharide
Classify as mono, di, or polysaccharide?: Inulin
Polysaccharide
Classify as mono, di, or polysaccharide?: Starch
Polysaccharide
All food directly or indirectly comes from plants that capture the sun's energy. T/F
True
Cellulose and starch are composed of long chains of glucose. T/F
True
Cellulose can be classified as a carbohydrate or a fiber. T/F
True
Dioecious plants have separate male and female plants. T/F
True
Fats and oils can also be called triglycerides. T/F
True
Flowers are modified leaves. T/F
True
Hairs on stems and leaves can offer protection for the plant. T/F
True
Horses are not ruminants, but they can still digest cellulose. T/F
True
In hypogeal emergence, the cotyledons remain beneath the soil surface, and the epicotyl emerges from the soil. T/F
True
In the early 1900s, chickens were fed only limited grains. T/F
True
One of the functions of roots is to store energy. T/F
True
Over the past few decades, Americans have been spending a declining percentage of their monetary budgets on food. T/F
True
Pith and cortex are examples of ground tissue. T/F
True
Protein enzymes, minerals, and vitamins all mediate metabolic functions. T/F
True
Saturated fatty acids have single bonds between the carbon acids. T/F
True
Sucrose is also known as table sugar. T/F
True
The dry mass of a human body contains 65 % oxygen. T/F
True
The parts of a grass leaf are the collar, blade, and sheath. T/F
True
Total added sweetener consumption has increased by 25 percent since the 1970s. T/F
True
Two of the functions of polysaccharides are as energy storage and as structural compounds. T/F
True
Unsaturated fats are generally considered healthier than saturated fats. T/F
True
Which of the following is a clone former? white clover, big bluestem, alfalfa, dandelion
White Clover
Which of the following transports water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant? epidermis, phloem, xylem, meristems
Xylem
____________ and ____________ make up the vascular bundles
Xylem and Phloem
Roots that arise from atypical places are called ___________
adventitious
38. The belief that farming is the best way of life and the most important economic endeavor is ____________________.
agrarianism
Proteins are composed of molecules called ______________
amino acid
The two forms of starch are ________ and __________________
amylose and amylopectin
Where is the location of each meristem? axillary meristem
at nodes
The smallest component of an element is the _________
atom
What fruit type is this plant? fleshy, dehiscent, indehiscent, caryopsis. ALFALFA
dehiscent
What fruit type is this plant? fleshy, dehiscent, indehiscent, caryopsis. CANOLA
dehiscent
What fruit type is this plant? fleshy, dehiscent, indehiscent, caryopsis. MILKWEED
dehiscent
What fruit type is this plant? fleshy, dehiscent, indehiscent, caryopsis. SOYBEAN
dehiscent
What fruit type is this plant? fleshy, dehiscent, indehiscent, caryopsis. GRASSES
indehiscent
What fruit type is this plant? fleshy, dehiscent, indehiscent, caryopsis. SUNFLOWER
indehiscent
39. The "three sisters" crops included ________, __________, and ___________.
maize, beans, and squash
Areas of actively dividing cells are called
meristems
Nutrients that are inorganic compounds existing as free ions are called _________
minerals
The two categories of plants with incomplete flowers are __________ and ______________
monoecious and dioecious
Simple sugars that are the basic units of all carbohydrates are also known as _____________.
monosaccharides
Based on the number of basic units, carbohydrates are classified as ____________, ______________, and ______________
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
__________ deals with the form and structure of plants
morphology
There are approximately __________ billion people in developed countries and __________ billion people in developing countries.
one, five
Which of the following is only found in the grass flower? petal, sepal, collar, palea
palea
Match the inflorescence to the plant. panicle, head, spike, umbel, raceme. OAT and SMOOTH BROME
panicle
The _________ connects the blade of the dicot leaf to the stem
petiole
A compound leaf of a dicot is composed of :
petiole and blade with leaflets
Complex lipids include _______________ and __________________
phospholipids and steroids
Which of the following is NOT a type of inflorescence? pistil, spike, paniele, umbel
pistil
The most consumed vegetable in the United States is?
potatoes
The atomic number of an element is based on the number of:
protons
Legumes that are grown for their edible, high-protein seeds are known as ________________.
pulse
A ________________ is an area the size of one square mile.
section
The green leaflike structures at the base of flower petals are
sepals
The three major types of lipids are ____________, ______________, and ___________
simple lipids, phospholipids, and steroids
Fiber can be classified as _________ or ______________
soluble or insoluble
Biodiesel can be produced from
soybean
Which of the following plants forms a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia bacteria? soybean, corn, wheat, carrot
soybean
The most widely grown pulse crop is ____________________.
soybeans
Match the inflorescence to the plant. panicle, head, spike, umbel, raceme. BARLEY
spike
Match the inflorescence to the plant. panicle, head, spike, umbel, raceme. RYE
spike
Which two parts are required for a flower to be perfect?
stamen and pistil
A complete flower is composed of:
stamen, pistil, petal, sepal
Which two compounds are most commonly used as a source to produce biofuels?
starch and cellulose
The primary support structure for the plant is the
stem
Where is the location of each meristem? vascular bundle
stems and roots of dicot plants
The tiny openings in the epidermis that aid in regulating the exchange of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are called ___________
stomata
Where is the location of each meristem? Apical meristem
tip of root or shoot
36. The immediate effect of foreign pollen on the development and characteristics of the seed is known as the ____________.
xenia effect