PS261 Practice Quiz Ch4, 5, 6

The system that social perceivers rely on first is

intuitive and automatic.

Which of the following is not an explanation for why people in a positive mood are more susceptible to persuasion?

A positive mood makes people more thoughtful, so they are more likely to engage in central processing.

Which of the following situations should prompt the least decisional dissonance?

Audrey doesn't like cats much, so she decides that her new pet will be a dog.

The tendency to think that most victims of Hurricane Sandy were irresponsible and naive for not evacuating their homes before the storm hit is most likely to result from which of the following tendencies?

Belief in a just world

Which of the following is not discrimination?

Believing that baby-faced men are harmless

Bella is a teacher who suspects that a student is trying to deceive her. Under which of the following conditions does Bella have the best chance of being accurate in her attempts to detect whether or not the student is lying?

Bella asks the student to recount her story in reverse chronological order.

Persuasive communication is the outcome of three possible factors. Which of these is not one of those factors?

Context

Which of the following reflects the primary question underlying the correspondent inference theory?

Does an observer infer that an actor's behavior corresponds with the actor's personality?

Willis and Todorov (2006) showed college students photos of strangers' faces and found which of the following?

Even when they saw the photos for less than one second, participants' ratings of the faces were highly correlated with the ratings made by others who were allowed to look at the faces for as long as they wanted to.

Which of the following source characteristics best explains why a company might recruit a supermodel to endorse its products?

Likeability

Consider the Implicit Association Test in which people are asked to categorize words as well as Caucasian/African-American names. If you were to design a similar measure to assess implicit associations related to age, and more specifically, implicit negative beliefs about older people, which pattern of results might your IAT produce to indicate such ageism?

Participants take longer to pair positive words with older-sounding names and negative words with younger-sounding names than vice versa.

In the Jones and Harris (1967) study, participants read essays presumably written by another student that had either been assigned or chose to write in support of a particular position. Which of the following statements is consistent with the findings of this study?

Participants were more likely to infer the student's attitude from the essay if they believed it was a chosen topic rather than assigned.

Which of the following research findings is most consistent with Darwin's hypothesis that the ability to interpret emotion from facial expressions has survival value?

People are quicker to recognize angry faces than happy faces.

The study by Balcetis and Dunning (2006) in which participants thought that they were taking part in a taste-testing experiment showed that?

People tend to see what they want to see.

Which of the following concerning the impact of body movements on persuasion is true?

People who nod their heads up and down express greater agreement with a persuasive message than those who nod their heads side to side

The ABCs of social psychology are affect, behavior, and cognition. Put the three major concepts of Chapter 5 in this ABC order by considering whether they correspond to affect, behavior, or cognition.

Prejudice, discrimination, stereotyping

What do psychologists mean when they describe a judgment of another person as based on "thin slices?"

The judgment was based on a very limited behavior sample.

Which of the following is true of mind perception?

The more humanlike the target object, the more likely we are to attribute to it qualities of mind.

Which of the following theories suggests that intentions to perform a behavior are best predicted by attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control?

Theory of planned behavior

A sleeper effect occurs when

a persuasive message from a noncredible source becomes more persuasive over time.

According to social identity theory, people display ingroup favoritism

as a means of increasing self-esteem.

Josue listened to a speech on the radio advocating the increased use of automobiles that are not reliant on fossil fuels. One would expect the sleeper effect to be greatest if Josue found out about the background of the speaker _____ the speech and was asked about his views about the issue _____.

after; a few weeks later

A group of theories that describe how people explain the causes of behavior is known as

attribution theory

Estimates of the probability that an event will happen based on the ease with which one can recall previous instances of this event reflect the

availability heuristic.

When _____ is low, it is difficult for the perceiver to attribute behavior to either the person or the stimulus; instead, the best that can be said is that the behavior was caused by transient circumstances.

consistency

People who are high in intelligence and/or self-esteem tend to be _____ vulnerable to persuasion when compared to people low in intelligence and/or self-esteem

equally

The process by which we form an attitude toward a neutral stimulus because of its association with a positive or negative person, place, or thing is called

evaluative conditioning.

Research suggests that people seem to commit the fundamental attribution error

even when they are aware of the situational constraints of the behavior

A target's "gaze disengagement" tends to lead perceivers to

form a negative impression of a target.

In a study by Phelan and colleagues (2008), participants read about male and female candidates for a managerial position. Compared to comparable male candidates, female candidates who emphasized their independence and leadership ability were rated as

higher in competence but lower in social skills.

Negative feelings directed at women's abilities, values, and ability to challenge the power of men are referred to as

hostile sexism.

High self-monitors respond more to _____ advertising.

image-oriented

A social psychology graduate student who works long hours for little pay becomes increasingly convinced that she loves social psychology. This student's attitude toward her chosen field of study is most likely the result of

insufficient justification.

According to the self-regulation of prejudiced responses model, _____ motivated individuals may learn to control their prejudices _____ effectively over time.

internally; more

A junior high coach decides to separate his basketball players into an A team and a B team. These two teams regularly play each other and compete for rewards, such as time at the drinking fountain and use of the new basketballs. The Robbers Cave experiment would suggest that the coach's new arrangement is likely to

lead to animosity between the A team and the B team.

The more products a celebrity endorses, the

less trustworthy she becomes in the eyes of consumers.

According to the stereotype content model, migrant farm workers who move to an area with a shortage of farming jobs would likely be viewed as

low in warmth and low in competence.

In the aftermath of the Amadou Diallo shooting, several psychologists have investigated the influence that a suspect's race might play in police decisions to shoot or not shoot. The results of these studies suggest that

mere awareness of racial stereotypes is enough to influence police behavior, even if the officers do not endorse these stereotypes

Jaycie is extremely judgmental. She has strong opinions about politics, social issues, and moral concerns. Jaycie is high in the

need for evaluation.

The trait negativity bias refers to the tendency for

negative trait information to have a greater impact on impressions.

The "Quiz Show" study by Ross and colleagues found that in judging the general knowledge of the contestant and questioner,

observers and even contestants fell victim to the fundamental attribution error.

The tendency to perceive members of an outgroup as less variable, or more similar to one another, than members of the ingroup is called the

outgroup homogeneity effect.

Social categorization leads people to

overestimate differences between groups

Participants in one study rated fictional food additives that were more difficult to pronounce as more hazardous to health. These results demonstrate that

people tend to fear things that sound unfamiliar.

Research findings regarding dehumanization indicate that

people tend to process outgroup faces in a manner similar to their processing of nonhuman objects.

Adelheid was watching a series of commercials in which women were portrayed as having relatively low self-confidence, less independence, and fewer career aspirations than men do. As a result, she will probably _______ than women who watched commercials portraying women in counter-stereotypical fashion.

perform worse on a math test

Linley is trying to reduce racism by having children of different races work on projects together. Each student is given information critical to the project and has to collaborate with their different-race group members by sharing that information to earn a good grade on the project. The classroom norms are supportive of cross-race interaction. Which condition essential to the success of the contact hypothesis is missing?

personal interaction

A negative reaction to the feeling that one's freedom is being threatened is called

psychological reactance.

Some border-town residents dislike illegal immigrants because they fear that the immigrants will take jobs away from them. These feelings can best be explained by

realistic conflict theory.

Implicit racism is correlated with _____ for interactions with a minority group member.

reduced eye gaze

The idea that we infer our own attitudes by coolly observing ourselves and the circumstances of our behavior is most consistent with

self-perception theory.

According to research by Tormala and Petty (2002), an attitude can be ____ by a persuasive message or argument ____ it.

strengthened; against

Wells and Petty (1980) videotaped students as they listened to a speech. The results of this study indicated that

students signaled their attitudes by nodding or shaking their heads

All of the following are mechanisms that perpetuate stereotypes except

the jigsaw classroom.

Public opinion pollsters, in trying to assess attitudes about particular subjects, have become aware that attitude responses seem to be affected by all of the factors below except

the length of the questionnaire.

Scripts are often culture-specific. This means that

the same behaviors may be perceived very differently in different cultures.

The study of social perception addresses all of the following except

the strategies people use to create a positive self-image.

According to social-role theory, gender differences in social behavior are the result of

the unequal gender-based division of labor.

Ingroup members display the outgroup homogeneity effect because

they lack familiarity with members of the outgroup.

Research indicates that subliminal influence

usually occurs in the short term for simple judgments.