PSY 100 - Ch. 4

What factors influence our sexual motivation and behavior?

Influences include biological factors such as sexual maturity and sex hormones, psychological factors such as environmental stimuli and fantasies, and social-cultural factors such as the values and expectations absorbed from family and the surrounding culture.

Orgasm

Muscles contract all over the body. Breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates continue to climb. Men and women don't differ much in the delight they receive from sexual release. PET scans have shown that the same brain regions were active in men and women during orgasm

_____ selection is the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, the ones MOST likely to be passed on to succeeding generations are those that increase the organism's chances of surviving and reproducing in its environment.

Natural

Dr. Donaldson is a physician. His annual salary is approximately $215,000, which is very nearly average for a male physician. His colleague Dr. Yan is female; she earns the average salary for a female physician. Dr. Yan's salary is approximately:

$155,000

refractory period

(1) in neural processing, a brief resting pause that occurs after a neuron has fired; subsequent action potentials cannot occur until the axon returns to its resting state. (2) in human sexuality, a resting pause that occurs after orgasm, during which a person cannot achieve another orgasm.

According to the textbook, "a study of 2035 married people found that couples who reported being in a deeply committed relationship before having sex also reported greater relationship satisfaction and stability." With respect to the research methods discussed in Chapter 1, this study is an example of:

a survey

Which THREE of the the following five factors contribute to unplanned teen pregnancies?

a, c, d

Randall is a 25-year-old homosexual man who wonders why he is homosexual and his two brothers are not. A partial explanation might be that he was exposed prenatally to levels of the hormone _____ that are typically experienced by female fetuses.

estrogen

The primary female sex hormones are the _____. The primary male hormone is ____.

estrogens; testosterone

Gender

in psychology, the behavioral characteristics that people associate with boy, girl, man, and woman. (See also gender identity.)

Sex

in psychology, the biologically influenced characteristics by which people define male, female, and intersex

In everyday interactions, men are more likely to state their opinions, while women are more likely to offer support. However, women tend to become more assertive and men more empathetic in:

middle age

Secondary sex characteristics

nonreproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair.

A person's enduring sexual attraction toward members of his or her own sex, the other sex, or both sexes is called his or her sexual:

orientation

Gender identity

our sense of being male, female, neither, or some combination of male and female

Alison's sexual attraction is not restricted to any particular sex or gender identity. Alison is MOST likely to identify as:

pansexual

Mrs. Norman smiles and laughs when her daughter plays with dolls. _____ theory emphasizes the importance of responses such as Mrs. Norman's to a child's gender role development.

Social learning

Derek just had an orgasm and is unable to have another one right away. Emma, however, has not had an orgasm yet. Her heart rate and blood pressure are rising, but at a slowing rate. In addition, the muscles in her vagina are tightening. With respect to the human sexual response cycle, Derek is in the _____, while Emma is in the _____.

refractory period; plateau phase

A gender _____ is a set of expected behaviors for males and females.

role

Your neighbors have three children, and both parents work. Without fail, whenever there is a sick child in the family, the mother stays home to care for the child because she is expected to do so. The mother is fulfilling a set of expectations called a gender _____.

role

Brad has noticed that the girls he has dated still expect him to pay the bill when they go out, even though they may have asked him out in the first place. These expectations are called gender:

roles

Prenatal sexual development begins about ____ weeks after conception. Adolescence is marked by the onset of ____.

seven; puberty

Paraphilias

sexual arousal from fantasies, behaviors, or urges involving nonhuman objects, the suffering of self or others, and/or nonconsenting persons.

Someone who is distressed by impaired sexual arousal may be diagnosed with a _____ _____. Exhibitionism would be considered a ____.

sexual dysfunction; paraphilia

Irene's psychology instructor remarks that gender roles may be acquired by imitating others. Irene is immediately reminded of _____ theory.

social learning

All else being equal, which sequence correctly orders straight men, straight women, and gay men with respect to their average performance on mental rotation tasks, from lowest performance to highest performance?

straight women, gay men, straight men

The removal of a woman's ovaries may contribute to decreasing sexual interest because her natural _____ level is lowered.

testosterone

The removal of a woman's ovaries may contribute to decreasing sexual interest because her natural _____ level is _____.

testosterone; lowered

Gender typing

the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.

The term gender _____ refers to the feeling or sense of being either male or female.

identity

Plateau

Excitement peaks as breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates continue to rise. A man's penis becomes fully engorged — to an average 5.6 inches, among 1661 men who measured themselves for condom fitting. Some fluid — frequently containing enough live sperm to enable conception — may appear at its tip. A woman's vaginal secretion continues to increase, and her clitoris retracts. Orgasm feels imminent.

What are gender roles, and what do their variations tell us about our human capacity for learning and adaption?

Gender roles are social rules or norms for accepted and expected men's and women's behaviors, attitudes, and traits. The norms associated with various roles, including gender roles, vary widely in different cultural contexts, which is proof that we are able to learn and adapt to the social demands of different environments.

Jason is a 25-year-old homosexual man who wonders why he is homosexual and his two older brothers are not. Which statement might be a partial explanation?

He was exposed in utero to hormone levels typically experienced by female fetuses

Resolution

The body gradually returns to its unaroused state as genital blood vessels release their accumulated blood. For men, this happens relatively quickly if orgasm has occurred, relatively slowly otherwise. (It's like the nasal tickle that goes away rapidly if you have sneezed, slowly otherwise.) Men then enter a refractory period, a resting period that lasts from a few minutes to a day or more. During this time, they cannot achieve another orgasm. Women have a much shorter refractory period, enabling them to have more orgasms if restimulated during or soon after resolution.

Excitement

The genital areas fill with blood, causing a woman's clitoris and a man's penis to swell. A woman's vagina expands and secretes lubricant. Her breasts and nipples may enlarge.

______(Men/Woman) are more likely to commit relational aggression, an ______ (men/woman) are more likely to commit physical aggression.

Woman; men

Brooke is a female. Her genetic sex is:

XX

Alec is a male. His genetic sex is:

XY

Relational aggression

an act of aggression (physical or verbal) intended to harm a person's relationship or social standing

Aggression

any act intended to harm someone physically or emotionally.

Sexual aggression

any physical or verbal behavior of a sexual nature that is intended to harm someone physically or emotionally. Can be expressed as either sexual harassment or sexual assault.

An individual who does NOT feel sexually attracted to other people is:

asexual

Sexual _____ is defined as "any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient," such as unwanted touching, molestation, and attempted or completed rape.

assult

Jerome is a man who is sexually and romantically attracted to both men and women. Jerome is:

bisexual

Shasta is a woman who is sexually and romantically attracted to both men and women. Shasta is _____.

bisexual

Androgyny

displaying both traditionally masculine and traditionally feminine psychological characteristics

female orgasmic disorder

distress due to infrequently or never experiencing orgasm

Dr. Endsley suggests that the increasing problem of obesity in Western cultures might be attributable to our inherited predisposition to love the taste of sweets and fats. Although these foods were difficult for our ancestors to find, they helped them to survive famines. Now these foods are easily available, and Westerners are eating too much of them. Dr. Endsley is MOST likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

evolutionary

Dr. Wickstrom argues that although gay men are less likely to reproduce than straight men, the genetic basis of male homosexuality persists because gay men enhance the survival of such kin as nieces and nephews by providing additional child care and financial resources. Dr. Wickstrom is MOST likely a(n) _____ psychologist.

evolutionary

Which phase of the sexual response cycle is correctly described?

excitement, physical changes start becoming evident

Ariana was born as a biological male, but she feels inside as if she is female. This sense of being female is Ariana's:

gender identity

In the introduction to Chapter 4, the text defines a person's _____ as his or her sense of being male, female, neither, or some combination of male and female.

gender identity

Intersex

possessing both male and female biological sexual characteristics at birth

Primary sex characteristics

the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible

Spermarche

the first ejaculation

Menarche

the first menstrual period

sexual response cycle

the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson—excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

X chromosome

the sex chromosome found in both males and females. Females typically have two X chromosomes; males typically have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child

Y chromosome

the sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child

Social learning theory

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

Donna was born as a genetic male with a typical XY chromosomal pattern. Her parents named her Timothy. She now feels she is a woman and lives as one. Donna is BEST described as:

transgender