PSY 2012 Ch. 15 Focus Practice

Abnormal behavior can be defined in many ways, some of which are

- Behavior is deviant - behavior that is maladaptive - behavior that is distressful

The biopsychosocial approach maintains that abnormal behavior can be influenced by

- Biological Factors - Psychological Factors - Sociocultural Factors

Which of the following are the main types of mood disorders?

- Bipolar Disorders - Depressive Disorders

Which of the following are biological explanations of depression?

- Brain structures - Neurotransmitter regulation problems - Genetic Influences

What are the main features of major depressive disorder?

- Depressed Mood and lack of interest - Loss of Energy - Hopelessness

Research has identified some sociocultural factors that are related to the development of depression. What are these factors?

- Ethnic and gender variations - Poverty - Gender

What are some of the factors that may explain specific phobias?

- Experiences - Memories - Learned associations

Which of the following best represent the symptoms of PTSD?

- Flashbacks - Impulsive Behavior - Problems with memory and concentration

Biological views of psychological disorders fall into three main categories

- Genetic Factors - Brain Structures -Neurotransmitter Functioning

Which of the following are biological factors of suicide?

- Genetic Factors - Low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin - Poor physical health

Madeline has decided to seek therapeutic services from someone who describes himself as having a "Sociocultural perspective." This means that

- He may say that environmental experiences play a role in the creation of psychological disorders. - He may be interested in Madeleine's family

Which of the following are true in regard to cognitive explanations for depression?

- There may be self- defeating thoughts - There may be illogical thoughts - Overgeneralizations may be involved

Which of the following are symptoms of major depression?

- Trouble sleeping - Feeling worthless - Weight loss

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed when one or more of the following is exhibited by an individual.

- Hyperactivity - Inattention - Impulsivity

Which of the following are features of the biological approach to psychological disorders?

- Individual are treated by doctors - Medications are often prescribed - This is the medical model

Which of the following are true in regard to schizophrenia?

- It is characterized by disordered thought - Schizophrenics are often socially withdrawn and isolated - It is a serious psychological disorder

Which of the following statements are true regarding the DSM-5?

- It is published by the American Psychiatric Association - It was approved in 2013

Which of the following are examples of a manic episode in bipolar disorder?

- Lara calls everyone she knows, asking if she can borrow money for her great adventure. - Ellie stays up all night and cleans the house - Adam goes on an all day shopping spree and empties his checkbook

Which of the following are depressive disorders?

- Major depressive disorder - Dysthymic Disorder

Which of the following are possible causes of panic disorders?

- Phobias may be learned associations between bodily cues of respiration and fear. - Phobias may have a genetic component that impacts hormone regulation.

What are the hypothesized "Causes" of DID?

- Social construction - Childhood abuse - Therapist suggestion

Which of the following are brain structure differences identified through research on the brains of people diagnosed with schizophrenia?

- Structural problems in prenatal development - Enlarged ventricles -Smaller than normal prefrontal cortices

Which of the following are true in terms of the causes of OCD?

- There is a depletion of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine. - There is a genetic component.

Several factors are neglected in the DSM, factors such as poverty, _______, and ________.

- Trauma - Unemployment

The definition of abnormality in terms of psychological disorders is a slippery one, but one criteria is deviation from the average. Which of the following would most likely fit this?

A woman worries all the time - about finances, health, and family well-being.

__________ ___________ is behavior that is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a relatively long period of time.

Abnormal Behavior

___________ are firmly held, unshakable beliefs with no basis in reality and they commonly occur with schizophrenia.

Delusions

A situation in which a person suffers from an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life is a(n) __________ disorder.

Depressive

The _________ suggests that preexisting conditions may put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder.

Diathesis-stress model

__________ mood dysregulation disorder is a depressive disorder in children who show persistent irritability and recurrent episodes of out-of control behavior.

Disruptive

One behavioral view of depression focusses on _____________ ____________, when an individual feels powerlessness and may stop trying to change their situation following exposure to aversive circumstances.

Learned Helplessness

___________ behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world.

Maladaptive

_________ is an anxiety disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event, severely oppressive situations, severe abuse, and natural and unnatural disasters.

PTSD

_________ occurs when a person experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause.

Panic Disorder

What disorder is characterized by the following symptoms: heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and faintness?

Panic disorder

Individuals who experience less extreme depressive mood for more than two months may be diagnosed with _________ depressive disorder.

Persistent

A woman who secretly makes herself vomit after every meal and feels intense shame and guilt over it. Her behavior may be categorized as abnormal as it involves

Personal distress

___________ disorders are chronic, maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns that are thoroughly integrated into an individual's personality.

Personality

Depression is thought to be related to a(n) _______ attribution style.

Pessimistic

Excoriation, or skin ________, is a condition that some people will engage in to the point of injury.

Picking

Obsessions are _________ thoughts.

Recurrent

The diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder is rare and occurs mostly in

Women

The term "catatonia" refers to

a state of immobility

Which of the following are examples of positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

-Delusions - Hallucinations

Which of the following examples demonstrate hallucinations?

-Rachel continuously detects the smell of burning rubber but no one else can smell it. - Morgan sees her dead grandmother in her bedroom at night.

Which of the following is an example of compulsion?

Alex has to wash his hands many times a day because he fears germs.

Which of the following exemplifies obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Anne has intrusive thoughts that something might happen to her family if she doesn't double check all of the locks on the doors and windows.

Individuals with ________ disorder show lower levels of autonomic nervous system arousal and are less stressed than others by aversive circumstances. Including punishment.

Antisocial

_________ personality disorder is disorder where individuals are guiltless, law-breaking, exploitive, self-indulgent, irresponsible, and intrusive.

Antisocial

Kevin has had numerous involvements with the legal system. He is currently incarcerated for dealing drugs and has been diagnosed with personality disorder by the prison psychiatrist. What personality disorder best describes Kevin?

Antisocial personality disorder

In which type of disorder do feelings of apprehension or tension occur without an obvious external cause, affecting daily functioning?

Anxiety Disorders

How common are depressive disorders?

Approximately 30% of Americans reported a depressive episode or diagnosis in the last 12 months.

__________-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is often over diagnosed, and has created controversy with the loosened requirements, and the age diagnosis change.

Attention

Which disorder refers to a range of neurodevelopmental disorders involving impaired social interaction and communication, repetitive behavior, and restricted interests?

Autism Spectrum Disorder

What approach to understanding depression argues that prolonged stresses of life produce feelings of powerlessness that can lead to major depression?

Behavioral

The mood disorder characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania is known as

Bipolar Disorder

Which form of bipolar disorder refers to the milder version in which the individual may experience a less extreme level of euphoria?

Bipolar II disorder

_______ Dysmorphic disorder is obsessing or preoccupation with imagined or slight flaws in one's physical appearance.

Body

___________ personality disorder characterizes individuals who are often emotionally unstable, impulsive, unpredictable, irritable, and anxious.

Borderline

Which of the following situations describes the definition of a phobia?

Brent is deathly afraid of spiders, and this is a problem for him because he repairs heating systems.

________ explanations of depression focus on thoughts and beliefs that can contribute to a sense of hopelessness.

Cognitive

__________ factors, such as holding a set of irrational beliefs, are associated with borderline personality disorder.

Cognitive

Caleb has disturbing intrusive thoughts and then he finds that he must act upon them. The disturbing thoughts are obsessions and the acting upon them are ____________.

Compulsions

_________ differences makes it difficult to compare psychological disorders across the many environments.

Cultural

Reasons for vacations in suicide rates include the degree to which there are ________ and __________ norms against it.

Cultural; Religious

_________ __________ is a disorder in which the individual not only develops amnesia but also might unexpectedly travel away from home and assume a new identity.

Dissociative Amnesia

One of the most famous cases of __________ ___________ disorder, also known as multiple personality disorder, was "the three faces of eve."

Dissociative Identity

How do phobias differ from generalized anxiety disorder?

For a phobia there is always a specific, identifiable stimulus that causes the anxiety reaction.

A deficiency in the neurotransmitter _________ is among the biological factors for generalized anxiety disorder.

GABA

__________ __________ disorder consists of persistent anxiety for at least 6 months, and the individual with the disorder cannot specify the reasons for the anxiety.

Generalized Anxiety

_________ Influences are stronger predictors of bipolar disorder than of depressive disorder.

Genetic

___________ are sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli.

Hallucinations

One of the most consistent findings of neurobiological abnormalities in individuals with mood disorders is _______ levels of norepinephrine and _______ levels of serotonin.

High; Low

___________ disorder involves compulsive collecting, poor organization skills, and difficulty throwing things away.

Hoarding

Which of the following disorders would be categorized as a mood disorder, indicated by characteristics such as lethargy and hopelessness, lasting at least 2 weeks.

Major Depressive Disorder

The _______ perspective or model suggests that when an individual displays symptoms of abnormal behavior, the root cause will be found in a physical examination of the individual.

Medical

Dissociation is thought to be a person's way of dealing with extreme stress by

Mentally protecting the conscious self from the traumatic event.

Which of the following demographic groups has the highest rate of suicide?

Native Americans

The ________ approach emphasizes the contributions of thoughts, emotions and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders.

Psychological

__________ factors that can contribute to suicide include psychological disorders and traumatic experiences.

Psychological

_________ refers to a state in which a person's perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality.

Psychosis

The term word _______ is used to describe incoherent, loose word associations that sometimes appear n the speech of a person diagnosed with schizophrenia

Salad

When Professor Stewart is in front of students in the lecture hall, he often forgets his lecture and begins to mispronounce terms. Professor Stewart is currently experiencing.

Social Anxiety

The DSM-5, also known as the Diagnostic and ____________ Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, was approved in 2013 by the American Psychiatric Association.

Statistical

_________ is a mark of shame that may cause others to avoid or act negatively toward a person.

Stigma

Barry has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His demeanor is unusual compared to most people because he does not show emotional expression when he speaks, and he does not appear to have the ability to read other's emotional expressions. These symptoms are also known as

The negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Which is true in regard to anxiety disorders, according to the DSM-5?

There are 4 common anxiety disorders. - Generalized anxiety disorder - Panic disorder -Specific phobia -Social anxiety disorder

Heather often pulls her hair out from the scalp, as well as other areas of the body. Heather may be diagnosed with __________, which is related to OCD.

Trichotillomania

Women are nearly _______ as likely as men to be diagnosed with depression.

Twice