PSY 873 Organizational Psychology Final

"Manu is a relatively new manager who takes the development of his subordinates seriously - he really believes they can be coached to higher performance levels. By applying the _______ model, Manu may effectively identify and solve problems hindering his subordinates performance."

ACHIEVE

"When leaving the office, Penny notices that Amy is working late on an important project. Penny offers to stay late and help with the project. This demonstrates which type of organizational citizenship behavior?"

Altruism

"Radhiya is a 5,5 manager. According to the managerial grid, this means she"

focuses on performance and morale

"Raylan gets along well with many of his employees. Because of this, when he conducts performance evaluations, Raylan must be aware of the __________."

halo effect

People high in __________ consider their work to be central to their identity.

job involvement

"Barry has several __________, including being a manager, a student, a husband, and a father."

roles

A downside of recruiting using electronic sources includes

some people do not have access

"Although bureaucracy is concerned a negative term to describe organizations, Weber's original intent for the bureaucracy was to "

clarify decision-making and ensure fairness

The main contribution of Path Goal Theory is that leaders

clarify how to be successful in goal achievement and increase the valence for goals

"Dr. Krieger would like to conduct research on motivation. She is most interested in the fairness judgments people make, their anticipation of rewards, and how they choose where to direct effort. Dr. Krieger's research will be best guided by the __________ theories of motivation."

cognitive process

"Jose is developing a new socialization process and wants to use one of Van Maanen and Schein's dimensions of socialization. Because he tends to socialize groups of 25 or more new hires at a time, he has opted for ______ instead of _______ because it is specifically suited for groups."

collective; individual

"New leadership theories, such as complexity and strategic, capture the important notion that leadership must be _______ to accommodate the _________ of today's businesses. "

flexible; unpredictability

"Cyril is a salesman at a paper company. He spends his day calling customers, completing price quotes, and putting in orders for his clients. These tasks are common for paper salesmen, and are part of Cyril's __________ job-performance."

in-role

Hackman's normative model of group effectiveness is different from the other team models discussed in the text because

it describes what organizations could use to enhance group performance rather than what has been done.

A potential criticism of social cognitive theory may be that

it is really a learning theory rather than a theory of motivation.

"Angel is happy to have her current job. As a contract nurse, she shifts from clinic to clinic during busy times. Although there is a demand for nurses like Angel, she worries about ________ because she has a family to support."

job insecurity

"You are one of the staff members of human resources at Light'em Up lighting company. Because you took this class, your supervisor asks you to figure out how to get employees motivated. You decide to apply expectancy theory by "

"establishing a clear link between performance and rewards, so people see the connection between higher performance and getting rewarded."

"Researchers have studied effective performance management for years, and in particular, how to give feedback. Conclusions from years of study suggest that _____________ is the best combination for giving feedback and expecting improved performance as a result."

"feedback, training, rewards, goal-setting"

"Relative to the era of the bureaucracy, the human relations movement "

"focused on employee satisfaction, moving away from controlling employees"

"Gracie is a human resources director responsible for leadership development training programs. From what we know about leadership training, Gracie should implement _______ in order to have the most effective training program."

"new manager training, mentoring, and role playing"

The biggest difference between Feldman's model of socialization and Jablin's is

"one refers to communication and assimilation process, whereas the other refers to developmental stages"

"Although the trait approach has limited utility in that you can't easily change someone's personality or facial structure, the implications of research findings on traits and effective leadership are that "

"people have expectations based on traits, regardless of whether they are accurate."

Choose the best definition of counterproductive organizational behavior.

Behavior that runs against the goals of an organization

"When people stockpile resources to offset anticipated stressors, aiming to experience more pleasurable states, we can explain their behavior using _______ theory. "

Conservation of Resources

"Steven is characterized as a leader who creates a vision, focuses on the organization's core competencies, grows human capital, shapes the culture, is highly ethical, and balances control with flexibility. We would say that Steven demonstrates ___________ leadership. "

Strategic

"To lower his organizations health care costs, Sterling would like to encourage his employees to exercise. According to the theory of planned behavior, if Sterling can measure his employees' __________ and their __________, he will know if they intend to exercise"

attitudes about exercise; beliefs that they can exercise

"According to the unfolding model of turnover, an event is considered to be a shock to an employee if it __________."

causes them to cognitively appraise the job

"Cheryl owns a bakery and wants to increase employee motivation with a job redesign approach. She currently has three employees: one helps her do the baking, another works at the front counter taking orders, and the third stands out on the street in a cupcake costume to attract customers. Cheryl decides to train each employee on all of the jobs so that they can trade off at times. This form of job design is called:"

job rotation

Saundra has to give one of her employees some negative feedback. She has been putting it off because she's afraid of how her employee will react. Saundra needs to keep in mind that

managing performance is her responsibility

A key differentiator between Saks and Gruman's model of socialization and several others is that Saks and Gruman's model argued that there are

no stages; socialization involves building employees' psychological capital through four resources

"When Zoe was hired for her current job, she was told that normally they would hire someone with more experience. After one year on the job, Zoe does not feel very satisfied, however she has decided to remain with the company because they took a chance on her, and it would be morally wrong to abandon them. Zoe has high __________ commitment."

normative

"Team members in the ""Eat-Dirt"" team are finally figuring out their roles in the group. We would identify this group in the ________stage of Tuckman s model of group development. "

norming

"Managing employees' performance can be challenging, and giving feedback tends to be one of those areas that consumes a lot of a manager's time. Although not much empirical evidence supports the ________ approach, anecdotal evidence suggests this form of praise, recognizing performance as it occurs, and correcting mistakes immediately, really works."

one-minute manager

"Boyd is a barista at SunDollars Coffeehouse. He makes terrible coffee and is often rude to customers. Boyd has been offered his dream job of being a freight train engineer and has decided to leave the coffeehouse and move to another state to take the job. From SunDollars' perspective, Boyd's turnover is both __________ and __________."

optimal; unavoidable

"Pam, the head of human resources at That's A-door-a-bell Doorbells, is concerned about the employees' job satisfaction because she knows it positively predicts __________, and negatively predicts ___________."

organizational commitment; absenteeism

"Ryan is the Vice President of Human Resources at Dunder Mifflin. He wants to understand his employees' level of job satisfaction because he knows from research that job satisfaction positively predicts __________, and negatively predicts ___________. "

organizational commitment; absenteeism

"At an annual academic conference, Lana meets Dr. Spader, a university researcher. Dr. Spader informs Lana that his research interests include work-life balance, health issues, and employee well-being. Lana can conclude that Dr. Spader must be a(n) __________."

organizational psychologist

Kathy thinks the biggest consideration when making decisions in regards to her subordinates is considering the situation in which she is making the decision. Which is the best model/theory to describe Kathy's approach to leadership?

Vroom-Yetton-Jago model

Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) is an area of organizational psychology that is a bit controversial in terms of performance evaluations because

"OCBs are not actually required of the job, but may still be unofficially considered by one's manager."

"Socialization refers to ______, whereby the organization conveys ______."

"a process; its beliefs, values, and norms."

"Becca is determined to earn a PhD in IO Psychology. After comparing her GPA to the average undergrad GPA of students accepted into graduate programs, she realizes she must put more effort into her classes to get a higher GPA so she can get accepted into graduate school. Becca begins tracking her courses closely to see whether she is making progress in increasing her GPA. Her monitoring of her own progress towards her goal is best explained by _______ theory. "

Control

"Smith, Jones & Trebech, a fast growing law firm, has decided to implement teams. There are a number of features of teams that they need to attend to, if they are to have high-functioning teams. To ensure each project can be handled properly, they consider the composition of the team, which includes"

Diversity of members

"Andre, a personal trainer at Miramont, finds it incredibly satisfying when he gets rewarded for helping his clients meet their training goals. He feels pretty strongly that when he is able to help clients meet their training goals, he will get rewarded. However, he's not convinced that he will be able to design a training plan will actually work for his clients. As a result, Andre is a bit low on his motivation to actually design the training programs. Andre's lack of motivation may be best explained by "

Expectancy Theory

"The sales people at a local car dealership indicate that they are experiencing work-family conflict. The dealership is willing to implement some changes to reduce this conflict. Which method targets work-family conflict and is, therefore, best for reducing work-family conflict for employees?"

Flex-time

William finds his job to be challenging and high in task significance. His organization also allows him to work on what he thinks is important whenever he feels like he is most productive. __________ suggests that William will have high levels of job satisfaction.

Job Characteristics Theory

_________ says that how you view the leader and how the leader views you depends on if you are in his/her in-group or out-group.

Leader-member exchange

"You are a consultant hired to examine the current leadership climate at Jack-Trading Outdoor Gear. You find that subordinates consistently rate their leaders as role models, displaying strong ethical principles and valuing the group gains over individual benefits. What type of leaders would you guess work there?"

Transformational - idealized influence

"Holly has recently informed her boss that she is leaving the company, and when asked to explain why, she claimed that a recent round of layoffs caused her to re-evaluate her job situation and start to look elsewhere for employment. Holly s decision to leave was based mostly on"

a shock to her system

"A simple difference between a program manager and a project manager is that a program manager __________, whereas a project manager ______________."

manages several projects that all come together from across various groups; manages projects within a single group

"Craig is the CEO of Building-Supplies-R-Us, a small privately-held building supply company. As such, one of the biggest challenges his organization faces today includes"

access to renewable resources at competitive prices

"Kurt Lewin is generally associated with __________, which involves researchers and organizations working together to solve problems in the workplace."

action research

"As a new lawyer, Gordon is allowed to select the clients he works with and the cases he pursues. However, he must work extremely long hours to impress his difficult clients and multiple bosses. According to the job demands-control model, Gordon is in a(n) __________ job."

active

"Acacia recently complained that as soon as she gets to work, she is bombarded with questions, tasks that have be completed that day, and disagreements with her co-workers. Since her work used to be more manageable, this recent flurry at work has been unusually stressful. However, once she leaves work, she finds she can relax. Most likely Acacia suffers from _______ stress. "

acute

"As a potential new hire, you don't have to wait for the organization to socialize you - new hires can engage in some strategies themselves. These might include"

befriending and role modeling

"As an avid coffee drinker, John knows many types and ingredients of different coffee beverages. However, because coffee shops are so popular, he doesn't actually know how to make a cup of coffee. John probably has high __________ and low __________."

declarative knowledge; procedural knowledge

The main contribution of Fiedler's Contingency Model was that

leaders have styles and they must pick the situation that matches their style

"Dr. Jose wants to stop Peter from acting out in class. He can use ____ power base, but most likely, he will only get ______ as a response. "

legitimate; compliance

"Though you dislike your supervisor and feel little respect for her because of how she treats you and your coworkers, you do what she asks because of her _______ power. Sadly, her effectiveness is limited to _______. "

legitimate; compliance

"Enrique works on a virtual team for a large global technology organization. He is convinced that his team is _____ productive than his friend's team, which is co-located, just because his team is virtual. Enrique is probably _______."

less; right

"The socialization of new employees is effectively all about first experiences in the organization, since the new hire has not yet experienced this job, this manager, or this organization. Some of the first experiences that Bennington suggested were essential to recognize and help newcomers' handle included"

peaking or presenting at a meeting

Lonnie-Joe works for Not-Your-Daddy's-Caddy and is interested in figuring out how likely the younger generation is to buy a Cadillac. The theory of planned behavior suggests that if he measures _______ and ______ he can find out whether they intend to buy.

their belief that they can buy; attitude towards buying a Cadillac

"Joseph is a manager, whereas Liza is a leader. The difference between Joseph's work and Liza's is that "

"Joseph ensures the project tasks are completed, whereas Liza establishes what the overall projects are"

"Natalie sets easy school-related goals, such as ""Do well in class once a week"". She believes that this strategy of easy, achievable goals will ultimately result in increased school performance. According to Goal Setting theory, her strategy will likely not work because"

"Natalie's goals are too easy and not specific, thus will not result in higher motivation."

"You are leading a research team for Dr. Byrne and you note that your team members have lost motivation on the project. You're concerned since Dr. Byrne is holding you accountable for the team completing the project. You decide to apply what you learned about goal-setting theory to get the group motivated again, and you implement the following:"

"ask the team members to set specific, challenging goals for themselves."

We know from social psychology research that attitudes can be linked to behavior via the theory of planned behavior. This theory suggests that

"attitudes along with norms and perceived control lead to intentions, which lead to behavior. "

"The latest approach in leadership theories combines ______ to create the full range theory, which attempts to move leadership towards more ______ leadership."

"charismatic, transactional, and transformational; ethical"

"You were just hired at a bakery. You have memorized all the ingredients and recipes, but you can't seem to actually make the muffins correctly. This is a case where you have"

"declarative knowledge, but not procedural knowledge."

"Xuan is a project manager for Glacier-Warming, an environmental watch group. To manage the projects, he follows a sequence of stages or steps, which according to the text include"

"defining, planning, executing, terminating"

A key difference between organizational psychology and organizational behavior is __________.

"organizational behavior focuses more on the organization itself, whereas organizational psychology focuses more on individuals' behavior in organizations"

"Most people seem to know what a work team is, but Jody still thinks that her and her mother are a team because they occasionally work together at their volunteer group. To clarify, you explain that teams have specific characteristics that include"

"sharing a work-related goal, and interdependence among members"

"Not all occupational stress models agree on the same definitions. However, they generally follow a __________ process."

"stimulus, evaluation/appraisal, response"

"Gary has been asked to put virtual teams in place. Turning to the literature on virtual teams, Gary has determined there are four categories of best practices for successfully implementing virtual teams. These four categories include"

"structure, strong leader, executive support, human resource practices"

Which of the following frameworks is most commonly used to help explain the attraction and recruitment of new applicants into an organization?

Attention Selection Attrition

"Even though Jim is not a janitor, Jim's boss asked him to sweep his office. Jim refused. As a result, Jim's boss demoted him. The boss displayed _________ power."

Coercive

"Sally is consistently one of the best performers at her job with Cirque de Solei. However, her trapeze artist husband got a new job in Yugoslavia and so she has decided to quit in order to move with him. From Cirque de Solei s perspective, Sally s turnover was both ________ and ________."

Dysfunctional and unavoidable

A key difference between Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the ERG theory is __________.

ERG theory does not require needs to be satisfied in strict order

"Your new boss asks you what approach you can use to address some issues of stress in the workplace. When comparing the ISR model, McGrath's Process Model, and Beehr & Newman s model of stress, you decide to use one of these as your framework because they all have the following in common."

Each includes a set of psychological responses.

"Bobby took a summer job as a greeter at Walmart. Bobby s boss has given him feedback about how to make people feel welcome and happy when they enter the store. Bobby can decide when or exactly what to do with the greeting and he understands why he's greeting people - greeting deters theft. However, the boss has not seen much improvement in Bobby s greeting and Bobby appears to have low motivation for greeting some days. According to the Job Characteristics Theory, this is probably because Bobby lacks________."

Growth need strength

"You have recently been asked by a company to help them begin using teams. Since this is a small company, they haven't had to use teams until now. Which of the following is a good high level model you could use to implement teams in this setting? "

McGrath's input-process-output model

"When conducting her research, Dr. Givens draws from a broad range of large fields of study. These fields include: economics, political science, psychology, and anthropology. It is likely that Dr. Givens is a(n) __________ researcher."

Organizational Behavior

__________ interdependence relates to the degree to which team members receive common feedback regarding their efforts.

Outcome

"Danny, a new employee, just received a copy of his performance review. Michael, his manager, gave him a very low evaluation and told him he needs to be more like Janey, a very experienced employee. What would you tell Michael about rating Danny's performance, given that Danny is new?"

Performance follows a learning curve

"In an attempt to make organizations more like machines,__________ viewed employees as cheap, interchangeable and passive, and attempted to remove human variability from work."

Scientific Management

"While working at Big Bob's this summer, you found that rather than working hard to please the boss, you worked hard because you were enjoying the work. However, as soon as the boss decided to reward you extra for your hard work, you found your motivation decreased. We can use _________ theory to explain your change in work motivation."

Self-determination

"During her first week on the job, Ava has had conversations with her fellow employees where they expressed to her how much they enjoy the organization and that they are very satisfied with their work. __________ suggests that Ava will have high job satisfaction because of the information she received from her co-workers."

Social Information Processing Theory

__________ occurs when team members build upon each other s ideas to produce something greater than would be possible by combining the contributions of individual members.

Synergy

The 3:1 principle refers to

Three times more happy emotions than negative

"You practice ______ leadership when you tend towards task-orientation, with a focus on task completion and direction, and the use of reward and punishment."

Transactional

"As a ________ leader, you display charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. "

Transformational

"Axel works with a negative and verbally abusive coworker who insults and criticizes him every day. Because his coworker is a senior partner, Axel has no choice but to put up with it. Axel has tried various ways to get around working with the coworker, but there's no solution in sight. Axel finds the day-to-day, month-to-month stress exhausting. We would probably characterize Axel's stress as "

chronic

Jenga is having lunch with a friend when her friend starts commenting on all the negative publicity Jenga's organization has received lately. Jenga proceeds to explain to her friend that this publicity is based on inaccurate information and is not representative of her organization. Jenga is displaying which component of organizational citizenship behavior?

civic virtue

"Although the trait approach to leadership fell out of favor for many years, it has been resurrected because researchers have been finding ________ that seem to predict leader emergence."

clusters of characteristics

Alejandro recognizes that his company socialization process has succeeded because the new employees he hired a year ago are

committed and top performers

A number of leadership models in the behavioral approach suggest that managers are either _____ or _____ and that these behaviors can be trained.

considerate; job centered

The most recent trend in studying leadership can best be described as the _____________ approach. This approach considers the _____________.

contingency; interaction between the leader and situation

"Adam feels committed to his organization partially because he has worked there so long and has invested so much time and energy in becoming respected among his peers and supervisors, and partially because he feels there would be high costs associated with seeking employment elsewhere. This type of commitment is known as ______ commitment. "

continuance

"A new job offer has just been extended to you. However, you're not sure you want to leave your current job because you are not sure that the new offer is all that much better than what you currently have, especially given everything you've already put into the current job. In this example, you have high _________ commitment to your _________."

continuance; organization

External challenges that organizations face today include

demands of shareholders with voting power

"The disadvantage of employees not getting feedback on their weaknesses or poor performance, as well as getting positive feedback, is that under-performing employees"

do not learn how to improve

"Smith, Jones & Trebech, a fast growing law firm, has decided to implement teams. There are a number of features of teams that they need to attend to, if they are to have high-functioning teams. They believe that using a vertical division of labor is the best structure because it ensures that ________."

each person on the team handles one part of the task, and one person on the team is responsible for the entire project

An evaluation of the results of an employee s actual performance on the job is the evaluation of that employee s:

effectiveness

"Tyrone has been working around the clock, going the extra mile, to complete his presentation for the Board of Directors meeting next week. He is very committed to the task. Based on Campbell's Model of Job Performance, Tyrone is best described as displaying which dimension of performance?"

effort

Recruitment is intimately tied to socialization because

employees' socialization begins while they are being recruited

"With so many organizations downsizing, their tendency is to eliminate layers of high-priced managers. In large organizations with many teams, this has ultimately led to a lot of self-managed teams. To ensure these groups are successful, organizations need to "

ensure that the self-motivated self-directed employees are trained on communication skills

"Bethany complains about her overall job as a tax accountant. During tax season, she is in constant meetings, has too much to do on a regular basis, works every weekend even though her kids need to be shuttled back and forth from sports practices, and worries about not getting everything done. Once the tax season ends, however, Bethany gets a bit of a break from the crazy work schedule. Bethany most likely suffers from _______ stress."

episodic acute

Organizational socialization follows a path that starts with

establishing the goals for the recruitment strategy

"The unfolding model of turnover proposed by Lee & Mitchell describes how _______ causes employees to evaluate _________, which leads to their decision to quit their current job."

experienced shock; their low job satisfaction

The reason industrial psychology is mentioned alongside organizational behavior and organizational psychology is because it

forms a complimentary discipline to these two

The illustration or depiction of an organization's management chain of authority is achieved using a

hierarchical chart

"Barry has considered quitting his job and moving on to something more satisfying. However, he has been with his current organization for several years and earned the respect of his peers. He decides that joining another organization would require him to reestablish his respectability, so it would be easier to stay put. Barry is demonstrating __________."

high continuance commitment

"Felicyta has been identified as a(n) _______; someone the organization has determined that if given targeted assignments, challenge, and opportunity, can become a very successful leader. In other words, she's a star and they want to position her for promotion."

high potential

Boundary management refers to

how the leader protects the internal organization from external pressures

"A distinguishing difference between organizational behavior and organizational psychology is that organizational behavior researchers focus on _____ people behave in organizations, whereas organizational psychologists focus on _____ people behave as they do in organizations."

how;why

The shift in management principles from the early 1900s to today can be characterized as a shift from ______ to _______.

independence; group problem solving

"In your review of group effectiveness models, you note that they nearly all have the same thing in common. What they have in common can be easily described as the ______ model. "

input-process-output

"While discussing your class with your uncle, you end up discussing groups and your uncle is curious about what really defines a group. You remember a number of defining characteristics of groups but you decide it would be best to mention the two most important ones. These are:"

interdependence and a common goal

"The average employee at Mack's Burger Shack can make four hamburgers a minute. Bob is able to make eight burgers a minute. In terms of job performance, Bob __________ than the average employee."

is more efficient

"Ted has an important presentation to give to his firm's clients. However, Ted believes that he is a poor public speaker and will not be able to give an acceptable presentation. According to social cognition theory, Ted has __________"

low self-efficacy

"Sometimes in group decision-making, the minority wants to sway the majority to its point of view. The best ways for a minority to do so are to "

make sure there are at least two minority members, and argue the position consistently over time

"Managing employees' performance can be challenging. Although not much empirical evidence supports the ________ approach, anecdotal evidence suggests this form of focusing on final results as opposed to how results are achieved, and on assuming that workers are capable and able to accomplish the task as long as goals are clear, is effective."

management by objective

"You've been hired into your first job and have just met your teammates. When you asked to meet the manager, the team indicated they are self-managing. This means that"

management responsibilities are shared amongst team members

"Among the many skills required of a manager, balancing people management with task management seems to be one of the most important. The ___________ illustrates a variety of management styles that result from an emphasis on either concern for people or concern for production, or an equal emphasis on both. "

managerial grid

Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) can be problematic when conducting job performance evaluations because __________.

managers may consider OCBs even though they are not part of the job

"Managers must transition from _________ to _______, when making the moving from management to leadership."

managing facts; generating emotions

The Hawthorne studies were influential in the early development of organizational psychology because the findings led to the increased study of ______ in the workplace.

motivation

"You just received a wonderful job offer from a prestigious organization, but are reluctant to accept it because your current boss just promoted you and thus you feel like you owe it to her to stay for at least another year. This is an example of _______ commitment."

normative

"Regarding theories of motivation, it is clear that:"

parts of each theory are valuable to a complete understanding of motivation

"Although there are a number of functions of Jablin's model of socialization, the premise behind the model is that"

people become assimilated through the communication culture

Freddy wants to implement a new way of handling performance feedback. He has heard that the Strength-Based Performance Appraisal system might be a good approach namely because it focuses on

people's strengths in order to fortify their areas of weakness

"According to Equity Theory, what is important to motivation is:"

perceiving one s outcome/input ratio compared to the ratio of another person

"Zoe works for the local steakhouse. However, Zoe is a hard-core vegan, who opposes the slaughter of animals for food. Zoe most likely experiences __________."

person-environment misfit

Group __________ reflects a shared belief among members of a team that they will be effective as a team.

potency

"In general, we can argue that managers are different from leaders in that managers ________, whereas leaders _______."

prefer to work with people; prefer to work with ideas

"Kim has a ton of upcoming exams, papers, and course assignments that are all due at the same time at the end of the semester. Once she takes a moment to consider them, she will be able to evaluate how she will cope with the situation effectively. Kim's process of assessing her situation and how she will cope is an example of _________ and _________."

primary appraisal; secondary appraisal

"Wynn has several project deadlines approaching that will all fall within one day of each other. Once he takes a moment to consider them, he will be able to evaluate how he will cope with the situation effectively. Wynn's process of assessing the situation and how he will cope is an example of _________ and _________."

primary appraisal; secondary appraisal

"Cory Stables, a large horse boarding organization values its employees and their well-being. To manage their stress levels, the organization has put in place employee assistance programs. It would seem that even though they espouse caring about employee well-being, rather than implement a ________ intervention that would reduce the sources of stress, they have implemented a _________ intervention that simply deals with stress after it has occurred. "

primary; tertiary

"Ambrose and Derek both apply for a promotion, but Derek gets it. Though Ambrose agrees that Derek is probably the better candidate and should have gotten the promotion, she is upset because it appears that the way the decision was made bias. We could predict Ambrose's reaction using"

procedural justice

Insurance agents at Gecko Insurance are all given 15 claims to process each week. Wynn is able to process his claims in three days and his manager is rarely able to find mistakes with the claims. Wynn is a(n) __________ insurance agent.

productive

"Your boss gave you a large project at the end of the day and you completed it by the following morning. She tells you that you were quick in getting it done considering the quality of the work and the short amount of time you had to complete it. In this example, your boss is commenting more on your ________ than your ________ because she is taking into account __________."

productivity; performance; quality given the time allocated

"Javier is developing a recruitment plan for the organization. He recognizes that to get the best applicants, he has to reach out to a variety of sources. HIs best move would be to "

push for informal sources since those tend to produce more committed employees

"Goscia works in manufacturing at Toyota, and a part of her responsibilities is to serve on a _____ group, where she and her team members focus on achieving zero defects."

quality circle

"Ted is a new human resource manager for Apitec Teknolo and is responsible for onboarding all new employees. Ted thinks onboarding is the same as socialization, but they are actually different in that onboarding ______, whereas socialization _______."

refers to form completion and equipment assignment; refers to transmitting norms and the culture

"Francis works on a bicycle assembly line. His job is to install the front reflector on the bicycles. Because Francis' job involves only this simple task, __________ is probably a good predictor of his job performance."

relevant job experience

It wasn't until after the fields of organizational behavior and organizational psychology were officially named that

researchers studied cross-cultural effects

"Steve has just been hired as a student assistant in the Psychology Department's front office. On his first day, his boss steps out of the office. Just then, the department phone starts to ring. Steve is probably experiencing __________ because he was not trained on when he should answer the phone and how he should respond to inquiries. "

role ambiguity

"Lisa is an undergraduate student hoping to get into graduate school. Her academic advisor demands that she present research at conferences, maintain a 4.0 GPA, and assist with research in three different labs. Lisa is doing her best, but is probably experiencing __________."

role overload

"Although it was criticized by workers for dehumanizing labor, __________ rapidly increased performance and was an early influence on the field of organizational psychology."

scientific management

"Franny is developing a new socialization process and wants to use one of Van Maanen and Schein's dimensions of socialization. Because she was socialized by a mentor, she believes this is the best approach to use. In this case, she is opting for ______ instead of _______."

serial; disjunctive

"According to need for achievement theory, individuals with a high need for achievement are more likely to __________."

set moderately difficult performance goals

"Gary is a pilot for Lufthansa, a German-based airline. His international flights take him all over the world and he loves the job. Even though his flight times vary, causing him to wake-up and sleep at different times and across time zones, he seems to handle it extremely well. His co-pilot, James, in contrast, doesn't handle the shift changes so well - always complaining about being tired and unable to sleep. We can say that Gary is ________."

shift tolerant

"Ava works on a cell phone assembly line. Her job consists of placing the processor chip inside the phones on a conveyer belt in front of her. At the end of the work day, when she walks past the end of the production line she can see the completed phones and recognizes how her work task helps to make the phones work. According to the job characteristics theory, Ava is experiencing low __________ and high __________."

skill variety; task identity

"Although not what the scientists of the Hawthorne Studies originally set out to study, a key discovery from the studies includes the notion of ______ and its influence on workers."

social norms

A major implication of the Hawthorne studies is that __________.

social norms impact productivity

"Taylor has just joined White-Rafting Company. His hiring manager has informed him that before he can actually start to learn about the tasks of the job, he must go through the ______ process to learn about the organization. "

socialization

"Jody likes Feldman's model of socialization, mainly because it includes anticipatory socialization. This stage means"

socialization of recruits starts before they are hired

"After a late Thursday work night, Howard arrives at work on Friday looking very tired and complains to his manager about the assignment he must work on for the day. In terms of his extra-role performance, Howard is demonstrating low __________."

sportsmanship

" Tracy recently joined Rose Homes, a new fast growing organization hiring 10 people a week. In her role as human resource manager, she wants to apply socialization models to help bring these new people on board. One approach she might use is"

start with Feldman's model and then use tactics from Van Maanen and Schein

"Although there is not an agreed upon definition of occupational stress, most definitions include _________ and ________ as defining features."

stimulus; response

"Charles is part of an army troop whose mission is to ensure that base morale is great. Aiden is in charge, but no one agrees on what exactly they are supposed to be doing. As a result, Charles suggests that he take charge to form a plan. According to Tuckman, the army troop may best be described in the _______ stage of group development?"

storming

"Although globalization may be considered beneficial to organizations that strive for international presence, the consequences of globalization to organizations include"

strain of managing diverse workforces

"After a long day at work in a manufacturing plant, Jasmin is experiencing some moderate back pain. Her son loves piggy-back rides and demands one as soon as she gets home. Unfortunately, Jasmin's back pain prevents her from fulfilling her son's request due to __________."

strain-based conflict

"Smith, Jones & Trebech, a fast growing law firm, has decided to implement teams. There are a number of features of teams that they need to attend to, if they are to have high-functioning teams. Their first thought is to make groups of at least 20 people, since large teams will then have all the resources they need. One concern they should have, however, is that large teams"

struggle to interact effectively

"Chaoxing is a mid-level manager at his organization, and would like to move up to the executive levels. The best way for Chaoxing's organization to prepare him for the next level job is to complete their _________, which will determine what targeted experiences he needs and whether he has been identified as a potential candidate for filling one of those roles as they are vacated. "

succession plan

"Bobby is on a team that solves small issues as they come up, like how to assign shared work space or find a solution for a new budget challenge. The recommendations from Bobby's group are just advisory - the management team decides later whether to implement the recommendations. Bobby is a member of a "

task force

"Gordon has been part of Granger-Feed for many years and how they are talking about implementing teams; after all, everyone else seems to be implementing teams. But Gordon has taken a class in organizational behavior/psychology and recognizes that teams are not always effective and you shouldn't always implement them. He shares the following with his bosses in an attempt to avoid a company disaster. "

teams are ineffective when you combine too many dominant members

"Your friend, who is not a psychologist, asks you when the field of organizational psychology began. You explain that __________ marked the beginning of the field."

the Hawthorne studies

"You have been hired by an organization to improve motivation amongst their employees. When you arrive, you administer the Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS) so that you may apply __________ to the organization"

the Job Characteristics Theory

"Deputy U.S. Marshall, Raylan Givens is a law enforcement officer who has recently been letting several fugitives escape his custody. Due to __________ his boss believes this ineffective performance is the result of Raylan's overall laziness. In reality, Raylan has an excellent performance record and is simply encountering very intelligent fugitives."

the fundamental attribution error

One reason organizations care so much about socialization of new employees is that

the highest rates of quitting are amongst new employees as opposed to established employees

"Shortly after the Hawthorne studies, psychologists started to research how employees could be more creative and fulfilled on the job. This era of emphasis on employees' motivation and emotional state at work was referred to as __________."

the humans relations movement

"Taking from organizations that have implemented successful orientations, Gustafson suggested that socialization processes include"

the principle ""make it memorable"""

"As a new manager, you must develop a new performance evaluation and you are having trouble deciding where to start. You decide to use one of the existing job performance taxonomies, such as Campbell's or Murphy's, because"

they both provide a good overview of different components of performance.

"Bobby is developing a new performance evaluation and is having trouble deciding where to start. You suggest considering one of the existing job performance taxonomies, such as Campbell s or Murphy s, because"

they both provide a good overview of different components of performance.

"Juanita works as a sales manager, which sometimes requires flights across country with little advance notice. Her husband complains often about these unexpected trips because she isn't home to do her share of taking care of the kids and the house chores. Her boss also complains, however, whenever Juanita tries to get out of taking one of these last minute trips to be at home with the family. Juanita arguable struggles with "

time-based conflict

"Lana uses her co-worker, Sterling, as her comparative other to determine equity in the workplace. She perceives that Sterling is often awarded more fulfilling projects than her, because his mother is the boss. Lana is experiencing _________ and will probably _________ to restore equity."

underpayment; reduce inputs

"Gillian would like to improve her grade in her psychology course. She believes that an A on the next exam will be satisfying and she will earn an A if she performs well. However, she does not believe that the amount of studying she does will actually lead to an improvement in her performance. Gillian has high ________ and low _________."

valence and instrumentality; expectancy

"When leaders form a special relationship with some of their employees but not others, those in the special relationship group begin to also treat the ""outsider"" employees differently as well. This division of groups associated with the leaders' relationships is known as _____ leadership. "

vertical dyad linkage

"You have been hired as the Human Resources Director for a large catering services company. You decide to allow food servers to schedule their food preparation tasks and assume responsibility for ordering food supplies when they need them. Essentially, you've added tasks and given the food servers more responsibility for tasks previously performed by the supervisor. You have applied _______."

vertical loading

Industrial psychology differs from organizational psychology and organizational behavior in that it focuses on

what makes each person unique

"Simpson believes he is experiencing ""underpayment"" inequity at work. To reduce this inequity, he may do all of the following EXCEPT:"

work harder to increase his performance