Psy **** I rlly aint know

When are you considered obese on the BMI scale?

30.0 and higher

Participants in a study conducted by Haber were shown more than 2500 slides of faces and places for only 10 seconds each. Later, they were shown 280 of these slides, paired with other unseen slides, and they were able to recognize _______ percent of the slides they had seen in the first round of viewing.

90

_____ is the transition period from childhood to adulthood, that is, from puberty to independence.

Adolescence

The three-stage processing model of memory was proposed by:

Atkinson and Shiffrin.

A lesion in this part of the brain would most likely result in a disruption of language expression.

Broca's area

_________________ have demonstrated that some emotional responses involve no conscious thinking.

Cannon and Bard

The classic theory of emotion that emphasizes the simultaneous experience of body response and emotional feeling is the _____ theory.

Cannon-Bard

Which of the following are located in the center of the retina?

Cones

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by _____ theory.

Erik Erikson's psychosocial development

Many people can easily recall exactly what they were doing when they heard news of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. This BEST illustrates ___________ memory.

Flashbulb

He said, "If we remembered everything, we should on most occasions be as ill off as if we remembered nothing."

James

The importance of schemas was MOST clearly highlighted by?

Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory.

__________ revealed that the reports of memory flashbacks were extremely rare in those patients whose brains were electrically stimulated in different cortical regions. Moreover, the memory flashbacks appear to have been invented, not relived.

Loftus

Which researchers observed muscle contractions all over the body during orgasm?

Masters and Johnson

_____ is a hunger-triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus.

Orexin

_______________ occurs when something you learned before interferes with your recall of something you learn later.

Proactive interference

Information is recorded in which order, according to the Atkinson and Shiffrin model?

Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

_____ described adolescence as a time of "storm and stress."

Stanley Hall

To experience an emotion, a person must be physically aroused and cognitively label that arousal. This theory of emotion was suggested by:

Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer.

Which of the following areas has not used closed-circuit television street footage to help solve difficult cases?

United States

Who suggested that very similar physiological reactions are associated with a variety of different emotions?

Walter Cannon

The Hopi do not have a past tense for their verbs. According to _________, this suggests that because language imposes conceptions of reality, the Hopi cannot readily think about the past.

Whorf

_____ suggested that one can stimulate the subjective experience of cheerfulness simply by acting as if already cheerful.

William James

Jamaal has to make an important phone call. Unfortunately, his cell phone is not charged, so he has to use his landline, which does not store phone numbers. To make the call, he has to get the number from his cell phone and remember it long enough to dial it on his landline. For this task, which memory is most important?

Working Memory

___________ is a newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, as well as of information retrieved from long-term memory.

Working Memory

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior is:

an incentive.

The function relating performance to arousal is BEST described as:

an inverted U.

A starving rat will lose all interest in food if its _____ is destroyed.

arcuate nucleus

In Piaget's theory, the process of fitting new experiences into existing schemas is called _____. The process of adjusting ideas to make room for new information is called _____.

assimilation; accommodation

An increase in heart rate is an example of which aspect of emotion?

bodily arousal

You are a building contractor surveying the progress on a home that you are constructing. From one angle, it appears as if the home is completely framed. However, when you move to the right, you see the gaps. The first angle illustrates the principle of:

closure

Western legal systems that suggest that children who are 7 or 8 years old have attained the ability to reason are consistent with Piaget's theory because basic reasoning skills appear during the _____ period.

concrete operational

Five-year-old Otto complained to his mom that the pizza was not big enough. Otto's mom cut the pizza into smaller slices, thus making Otto happy because he believed the pizza had become larger. Otto lacks the concept of:

conservation

It has been suggested that larger portions of food induce bigger bites, which then increase food intake by:

decreasing oral exposure time.

Hermann Ebbinghaus observed that it is much easier to learn meaningful material than to learn nonsense material. This BEST illustrates the advantage of:

deep processing.

Allison is pregnant and has been told that nausea and food aversions are often symptoms of pregnancy that many women experience. When can she expect to have these experiences during her pregnancy?

during the tenth week of pregnancy

According to Kohlberg, decisions at the postconventional level of moral reasoning are based on:

ethical principles.

During adolescence, MOST individuals achieve Jean Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.

formal operational

In part, the trademark impulsivity of adolescence reflects that brain development proceeds more slowly in the brain's _____ than in its _____.

frontal lobe; limbic system

A _____ would believe that in perception, the whole may exceed the sum of its parts.

gestalt psychologist

Terrell is NOT feeling hungry at the moment. This is MOST likely because his:

ghrelin levels are low.

Because of a construction accident, James is no longer able to comprehend and express language, due to damage to:

his left temporal lobe.

Most people experience a much greater surge in the _____ prolactin after an orgasm with their loved one as opposed to an orgasm experienced alone.

hormone

According to one study, a section of the _____ has been found to be larger in gay men than in straight men.

hypothalamus

When exposed to a scent derived from men's sweat, men with a same-sex sexual orientation and heterosexual men responded differently in the area of the:

hypothalamus

The process of developing a sense of _____ during adolescence was highlighted by Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory.

identity

Sam's parents insist that they took a family vacation to the beach when Sam was about 3-years-old. They even have pictures to prove it, but Sam has no recollection of this vacation at all. This is due to:

infantile amnesia.

The cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs make up the:

inner ear

Which of the following often lead to correct solutions, even though they are not always perfect?

insights

With respect to adolescence, biology determines:

its beginning but not its end.

Jaimi is logging into her social media account and needs to enter her password. Her _____ is/are activated when she recalls her password and holds it in her working memory.

left frontal lobe

After a physically and emotionally traumatic car accident, Shelley developed aphasia, which has left her struggling to speak words even though she can still sing familiar songs and comprehend speech. This particular set of symptoms is due to damage to her:

left frontal lobe.

Exuberant infants and alert, energetic adults are especially likely to show high levels of brain activity in the:

left frontal lobe.

James suffered hippocampal damage from a head injury in a near-fatal motorcycle crash. He is not able to remember verbal information, but he does retain the ability to recall visual designs and locations. His damage is to the:

left hippocampus.

Chinese-born Min has lived in the United States since she was seven. Min reports that when she is speaking Chinese to her family and friends, she thinks about things differently than when she is speaking English. This is a good illustration of:

linguistic determinism.

You went shopping today with friends and purchased a new shirt that is red. You perceive the shirt as red because the light reaching your eyes has:

long wavelengths.

What is "cognition about cognition"?

metacognition

The Yerkes-Dodson law refers to the tendency for optimal performance to be associated with which of the following?

moderate arousal

Monte was born with cataracts, but he didn't have cataract surgery until he was 30 years old. The surgery restored his sight, but he could:

not recognize objects by sight that were familiar to him by touch.

When given ____________, rats become ravenously hungry.

orexin

Teens often believe that they are unique and special and that what happens to "most people" would never happen to them. This reflects the _____ and reflects the Piagetian concept of _____.

personal fable; egocentrism

Which of the following is the bottom need based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

physiological needs

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, people are motivated to satisfy basic _____ and safety needs before pursuing higher _____ needs.

physiological; psychological

Critics have argued that Kohlberg's _____ stage is culturally defined because it seems to appear in individualistic nations more often than in collectivistic nations.

postconventional

Ethical principles and basic rights define Kohlberg's _____ level of moral development.

postconventional

The ability to see future events before they happen is known as:

precognition

Which of these is NOT a factor contributing to the earlier age of puberty?

premature sexual activity

In addition to sexual orientation, the textbook notes several other traits where gays and lesbians differ from straight people. These are used as evidence of _____ influences on sexual orientation.

prenatal

Uri Geller famously claims to be able to bend metal objects such as spoons with his mind. That ability is known as:

psychokinesis

Erika is taking a class exam that includes all multiple-choice questions that assess her ability to _____ information.

recognize

Which of the following is likely to reduce alcohol consumption?

reducing serving size

Memory includes all of the following measures of retention EXCEPT:

retrieval of information relearning information recognition of information categorizing information

People who are prone to depression have increased activity in their:

right frontal lobe.

Theo suffers from depression and is currently in treatment. The form of treatment his physician is using is electroconvulsive therapy, a therapy that will affect his ___________ memory.

short-term memory

The part of one's sense of self that comes from our group memberships is our _____.

social identity

When you recall an imagined event as something that you directly experienced or something that really happened to you, you are illustrating:

source misattribution.

Researchers use a measure of ____________ to determine a person's self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life.

subjective well-being

Professor Mollier suggests that her students study for an exam in a room that has sound and lighting similar to their classroom. She even suggests that they wear the same type of clothing while studying and while taking the exam. To increase their memory retention while studying, Professor Mollier wants the students to consider:

the context in which learning occurred.

When Yancy was sitting in the park one day, he witnessed a robbery. When asked by the police to describe the young criminal, Yancy recalled erroneously that the criminal was a teenager rather than a young adult. Yancy's experience BEST illustrates:

the misinformation effect.

A child's realization that others may have beliefs the child knows to be false BEST illustrates the development of:

theory of mind

Metacognition is considered to be:

thinking about thinking

A gene on chromosome 14 that is related to sexual orientation influences the functioning of the _____ gland(s).

thyroid

Samantha is interpreting new sensory information within the framework of a past memory she has. This illustrates:

top-down processing.

Which of the following BEST describes the language learning ability of humans?

universal

The most common response to a traumatic experience includes:

vivid and persistent memories.