Psy310 Chapter 5 *

The KBIT-2 is normed for examinees ages

d. 3 to 90

Spearman's theory of intelligence was

- derived from factor analysis - physiological in emphasis - based upon a single general factor (-all of the above)

According to Gardner (1983), which of the following is a criterion for the existence of a separate intelligence?

- potential isolation by brain damage - distinctive developmental history - evolutionary plausibility (- all of the above)

In producing the final rotated factor matrix, researchers often rely upon

- the criterion of positive manifold - the criterion of simple structure (- both a and b)

With orthogonal axes, the factors are

-at right angles to one another -uncorrelated (-both a and b )

According to Gardner, personal intelligence is

-intrapersonal -interpersonal (-both a and b)

Which of the following is a primary mental ability?

-verbal comprehension -associative memory -perceptual speed (-all of the above)

Indices of reaction time correlate as high as ____ with traditional psychometric tests of intelligence

.50

The coorelation between WAIS-IV and the WAIS-III IQs is about

.95

The split-half reliability of WAIS-IV Full Scale IQ is about

.98

In reference to learning disabilities, a severe discrepancy refers to a difference of at least standard deviation (s)

1

Broadly speaking, the experts tend to agree that intelligence is

1. the capacity to learn from experience 2. the capacity to adapt to one's environment (3. both a and b)

__ core subtests are needed to obtain the traditional IQ scores and the component index scores on the WAIS-IV.

10

The nine factor scores on the General Aptitude Test Battery are expressed as standard scores with a mean of ___ and an SD of ___.

100

Typically, the Wechsler tests contain how many subsets

14-15

On the average, African-Americans score about ____ points lower than white Americans on standardized IQ tests.

15

In total, Guilford identified ____ factors of intellect

150

For WAIS-IV IQ, the standard error of measurement for most age groups is about

2.1

The subtests of the Cognitive Abilities Test are grouped into __ batteries consisting of ___ tests

3, verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal

The age range for the KABC-II is approximately

3-18

A reasonable estimate is that about _ percent of all elementary and secondary students can be classified as learning disabled

4

In factor analysis, it is desirable to have a minimum of __ subject(s) for each test or variable

5

The General Aptitude Test Battery is composed of

8 paper-and-pencil tests and 4 apparatus measures 59 tests

Which formula depicts how Wechsler computed IQs

A IQ = mental age/chronological age B IQ = attained score/expected mean score for age (C both)

What are the latest versions of the Wechsler intelligence tests

A WPPS-III, WISC-IV, and WAIS-IV

Most definitions of learning disabilities emphasize

A a discrepancy between ability and achievement B the exclusion of certain causes C onset in childhood (D all)

The KABC-II is designed to assess

A intelligence C personality (D both a and c)

Individual achievement tests play an essential role in the

A screening of mentally retarded persons B measurement of school-related aptitude C diagnosis of a learning disability (D all)

If an apparent learning difficulty is primarily caused by _________, then a learning disability cannot be diagnosed

A visual problems B mental retardation C economic advantage (D all)

__ conceptions of intelligence emphasize harmonious and stable intergroup relations

African

Achievement tests can be used to

All of the above

In recent factor analyses, what subtest was found not to load specifically on the Verbal Intelligence factor

Arithmetic

__ is designed to be a measure of fluid intelligence, which is the capacity to perform mental operations such as manipulation of abstract symbols

Matrix reasoning

"The ability to judge well, to understand well, to reason well" was the definition of intelligence offered by

Binet & Simon

In the information-processing approach to intelligence, schemes (rules of thinking) are an example of

Metacognition or the executive system?

Which theory proposed that intelligence consists of pervasive (Stratum III), broad(Stratum II), and narrow abilities (Stratum I) that are hierarchically organized

Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory

__ intelligence consists of the internal mental mechanisms that are responsible for intelligent behavior

Componential

__ intelligence is defined as mental activity involved in purposive adaptation to, shaping of, and selection of real-world environments relevant to one's life.

Contexual

a design that combines cross-sectional and longitudinal methods

Cross-Sequential design

what one has already learned through the investment of fluid intelligence in cultural settings is

Crystallized intelligence

"The mental capacity to automatize information processing and to emit contextually appropriate behavior in response to novelty" was the definition of intelligence offered by

Sternberg

In the equation Y=bX+a, the predicted grade point average would be

Y

In ____, the examinee must form an internal visual mental trace in order to answer the items correctly

Digits backward

__ conceptions of intelligence emphasize benevolence, humility,freedom from conventional standards of judgment, and doing what is right

Eastern

In 2002, an Analytical Writing subtest was added to this prominent group test

GRE

The 2 major theoretical models of intelligence behind the KABC-II are:

Luria & CHC

__ work led to a general theory of information-processing which includes two primary mental operations: simultaneous processing and successive processing

Luria's

When demographic variables such as socioeconomic status are taken into account the size of the mean African-American and White IQ difference

Reduces to .5 to .7 standard deviations

According to Sternberg, the ability to leave the environment we are in and to find a different environment more suitable to our talents and needs is known as

Selection

"A general ability that involves mainly the eduction of relations and correlates" was the definition of intelligence offered by

Spearman

The analogy "hammer : nail : screwdriver : ?" exemplifies the approach to intelligence favored by

Spearman

Who proposed that an examinee's performance on a intelligence test is determined mainly by two influences: g, the pervasive general factor, and s, a factor specific to the test or subtest?

Spearman

For large, heterogeneous samples, scores on any two mainstream intelligence testing instruments typically correlate

d. .80-.90

Which concept incorporates and reflects social values

Test fairness

The test which now has a 9-item version of the standard 60-item test which is both psychometrically sound and correlated with the original test's full scale score in the .90 .98 range is the

The general aptitude test battery

The view that intelligence consists of about seven primary mental abilities was putforth by

Thurstone

In the Lexile approach, reading demand of the test is based on

Vocabulary and sentence length

"The aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with the environment" was the definition of intelligence offered by

Wechsler

The first Wechsler test was the __, designed for the assessment of __.

Wechsler-intelligence scale, adults

A particular weakness of the ASVAB is that

a subtest may occur in more than one composite

Statistically speaking, a factor is

a weighted linear sum of the variables

The KBIT-2 can be administered in about

a. 20 mins hint: think if BIT like small (small IQ test)

This test has the oldest heritage of any intelligence test

a. Stanford-Binet: Fifth Edition

Which of the following tests uses a routing procedure?

a. Stanford-Binet: Fifth Edition

This tests was constructed according to the principles of item response theory

a. Stanford-Binet: Fifth edition

On this subtest, the more difficult items require the analysis of spatial relations, visual-motor coordination, and the rigid application of logic

a. block design

This subtest is strongly speeded, that is, adults must perform very quickly to get maximum scores

a. block design

An important goal of the KABC-II is to

a. reduce score differences between those from diverse ethnic and cultural groups

Perhaps the most widely used definition of learning disabilities is

a. the one mandated by Public Law 94-142

What is the most important distinction between the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities definition of learning disability and the federal definition

abandons excessive reliance upon discrepancy between ability and achievement

Longitudinal students suffer from the following pitfalls

all of the above

On the WISC-IV, which subtests load on the perceptual reasoning factor

all of the above

What are the advantages of giving military applicants the ASVAB in a computer adaptive testing format

all of the above

The __ refers to biologically-based properties necessary for information processing, such as memory span and speed encoding/decoding information

architectural system

In factor analysis of the Wechsler tests, this subtest frequently loads on a third factor variously interpreted as "freedom from distractibility" or "memory"

arithmetic

Which of the following subtest has a time limit?

arithmetic

The optional trial section of the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) is

assesses psychological, social, and biological foundations of behavoir

With __ rotations, it is also possible to factor analyze the factors themselves.

oblique

The first version of the WISC was published in about

b. 1950

This subtest is found to be highly sensitive to the effects of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury

b. letter-number sequencing

Which gender is more likely to receive a diagnosis of learning disability

boys

What ability is the quintessential example of crystallized Intelligence

breadth of vocabulary

For the Wechsler tests, the standard deviation of IQ is always

c. 15

Next to Binet and Simon, the one individual who has had the greatest influence upon the testing of individual intelligence is

c. Wechsler

In developing his intelligence tests, Wechsler

c. borrowed heavily from existing instruments for most subtests

In terms of validity, which test(s) is suitable for a 16-year-old examinee?

c. both a and b

Wechsler's first intelligence test was based upon the assumption(s) that

c. both a and b

On the WAIS-III, this subtest requires the examinee to interpret proverbs

c. comprehension

The most serious problem with the DTLA-4 is that

c. the breakdown into composites is not empirically supported

This is the first intelligence test to consider religious tradition as a variable in the selection of normative subjects

c.Stanford-Binet: Fifth edition

This test is suitable for children age 2 through adults age 85+

c.Stanford-Binet: Fifth edition

This subtest is one of the most sensitive subtests to the effects of organic impairment.

coding

In an information-processing theory of intelligence, the executive system is akin to

computer software

What are the two main forms of factor analysis

confirmatory and exploratory

In Guilford's model, ___ refer to the nature of the materials or information presented to the examinee

contents

With oblique axes, the factors are

correlated among themselves

Statistically speaking, factor loadings are

correlation coefficients between variables and factors

The beginning point for every factor analysis is the

correlation matrix

This test is especially useful at both ends of the cognitive spectrum--the very young, those with developmental delays, and the highly gifted

d. Stanford-Binet: Fifth edition

The KABC-II includes the following scale:

d. all of the above

The standardization sample on the WAIS-IV excluded

d. all of the above

Wechsler believed that the following condition(s) gave rise to a test pattern of verbal greater than performance IQ

d. all of the above organic brain disease, psychoses, and emotional disorders

The standardization sample of the WAIS-IV was carefully stratified on

d. all of the above race, geographic region, and educational attainment

Efficient performance on this subtest requires the ability to quickly produce distinctive verbal codes to represent symbols in memory

d. coding

Performance on this subtest shows a steep decrement with advancing age

d. coding

Indirectly, this subtest measures learning and memory skills insofar as subjects must retain knowledge gained from formal and informal educational opportunities in order to answer the items

d. information hint: you must keep the information you learn in education to pass this test

This subtest is a measure of working memory

d. letter-number sequencing

The KBIT-2 is appropriate

d. none of the above

Wechsler's purpose in dividing his scales into verbal and performance sections was to use his test in

d. psychiatric diagnosis

This subtest evaluates the examinee's ability to distinguish important from unimportant resemblances in objects, facts, and ideas

d. similarities

The capacity to quickly press the space bar whenever the letter X appears on a computer screen would involve the use of what broad factor of intelligence

decision/reaction time

Wechsler believed that raw intelligence _____ with advancing age

declined

Performance on this subtest may be affected by anxiety or fatigue, and many clinicians have noted that patients hospitalized for medical or psychiatric reasons frequently perform poorly on it.

digit span

The Multidimensional Aptitude Battery does not have a ____ subtest

digit span

A test question such as "List as many consequences as possible if clouds had strings hanging down from them" is an index of

divergent thinking

In Guilford's system, retrieving from memory items of a specific class, such as naming objects that are both hard and edible, is an example of

divergent thinking

The __ refers to environmentally-learned components that steer problem solving and provide overall guidance to the functional components

executive system

According to Sternberg, a person with good __ intelligence is able to deal effectively with novel tasks.

experiential

The factor matrix consists of a table of correlations called

factor loadings

A largely nonverbal and relatively culture-reduced form of mental efficiency is

fluid intelligence

The "sensory keenness" approach to the measurement of intelligence

has modern proponents such as Jensen

The purpose of factor analysis is to:

help produce a parsimonious description of large, complex data sets (correct answer) 2.discover the correlations that exist between tests or variables 3.produce a larger number of factors from a smaller number of tests or variables (4.none of the above)

Factual knowledge of persons, places, and common phenomena is tested by the __ subtest

information

Gardner has hypothesized that all of the following intelligences exist EXCEPT

intuitive

Social competence as an ingredient of intelligence is emphasized by

laypersons

In general, WAIS-IV IQs are _______ WAIS-III IQs.

lower than

What are the three major sections of the Scholastic Assessment Test

math, reading, writing

What of the following is NOT one of the four domains (or index scores) measured on the WAIS-IV?

mental processing index

Suppose that you observe that you are having more trouble learning X than learning Y. In the language of information-processing theories, this is an example of

metacognition

Compared to the index scores, the reliabilities for the 15 subtests are

much weaker

In his theory of multiple intelligences, Gardner (1998) has recently proposed three new forms of intelligence. Which of the below is NOT one of these recent additions

musical intelligence

This subtest is the least reliable of the Wechsler subtest

object assembly

A particular kind of factor can emerge from factor analysis

only if the tests and measures contain that factor in the first place

A(n) ___ definition defines a concept in terms of the way it is measured

operational

The __ definition of intelligence does not allow for the possibility that new tests or conceptions of intelligence may be superior to old ones

operational

A(n) __ definition is one that seeks to tell us the true nature of the thing being defined

real

The naming of factors depends upon

reasoned judgement

According to the textbook author, a possible problem with contemporary intelligence tests is that they do not

require to subject to adapt to new situations

A mentally deficient individual who has a highly developed talent in a single area is known as a(n)

savant

When the factors are factor analyzed, the outcome consists of

second-order factors

Evidence for validity of the KBIT-II can be characterized as

strong

This Wechsler subtest is highly speeded.

symbol search

__appears to be a good measure of processing speed

symbol search

What are marker tests?

tests from a larger battery that best depict the major factors

Gardner (1986) defined intelligence as:

the ability or skill to solve problems or to fashion products which are valued within one or more cultural settings

Regarding the correlation between Raven's Progressive Matrices and other measures

the correlations tend to be higher with performance than with verbal tests.

Compared to his predecessors, Guilford's approach to the study of intelligence placed a greater emphasis upon

the role of creativity in intelligence

According to the philosophy of ____, without exception, the best qualified candidates should be selected for employment, admission, or other privilege

unqualified individualism

The KBIT-II consists of 2 scales

verbal and nonverbal

In order of importance, experts saw __ as crucial to intelligence.

verbal intelligence, problem-solving ability, and practical intelligence

The scholastic aptitude index of the Differential Aptitude Test consists of

verbal reasoning and numerical aptitude

Vernon's two major group factors are

verbal-educational and practical-mechanical

In factor analysis, Comrey rates a sample size of 500 as

very good

If an examinee is shown a picture of a completed shape and asked to select from six smaller shapes the three that could be used to assemble the larger completed shape, what subtest of the WAIS-IV is the examinee taking?

visual puzzles

Performance on this subtest is dependent upon the lifelong application of contextual inference.

vocabulary

Subtests from the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement-II assess all of the following EXCEPT

vocabulary

The __subtest has the highest correlation with overall IQ

vocabulary

__ is the only subtest that does not reveal its highest coorelation with its corresponding

vocabulary

Digit span and arithmetic subtest are found on the __

working memory index