Psy310 Chapter 5 *
The KBIT-2 is normed for examinees ages
d. 3 to 90
Spearman's theory of intelligence was
- derived from factor analysis - physiological in emphasis - based upon a single general factor (-all of the above)
According to Gardner (1983), which of the following is a criterion for the existence of a separate intelligence?
- potential isolation by brain damage - distinctive developmental history - evolutionary plausibility (- all of the above)
In producing the final rotated factor matrix, researchers often rely upon
- the criterion of positive manifold - the criterion of simple structure (- both a and b)
With orthogonal axes, the factors are
-at right angles to one another -uncorrelated (-both a and b )
According to Gardner, personal intelligence is
-intrapersonal -interpersonal (-both a and b)
Which of the following is a primary mental ability?
-verbal comprehension -associative memory -perceptual speed (-all of the above)
Indices of reaction time correlate as high as ____ with traditional psychometric tests of intelligence
.50
The coorelation between WAIS-IV and the WAIS-III IQs is about
.95
The split-half reliability of WAIS-IV Full Scale IQ is about
.98
In reference to learning disabilities, a severe discrepancy refers to a difference of at least standard deviation (s)
1
Broadly speaking, the experts tend to agree that intelligence is
1. the capacity to learn from experience 2. the capacity to adapt to one's environment (3. both a and b)
__ core subtests are needed to obtain the traditional IQ scores and the component index scores on the WAIS-IV.
10
The nine factor scores on the General Aptitude Test Battery are expressed as standard scores with a mean of ___ and an SD of ___.
100
Typically, the Wechsler tests contain how many subsets
14-15
On the average, African-Americans score about ____ points lower than white Americans on standardized IQ tests.
15
In total, Guilford identified ____ factors of intellect
150
For WAIS-IV IQ, the standard error of measurement for most age groups is about
2.1
The subtests of the Cognitive Abilities Test are grouped into __ batteries consisting of ___ tests
3, verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal
The age range for the KABC-II is approximately
3-18
A reasonable estimate is that about _ percent of all elementary and secondary students can be classified as learning disabled
4
In factor analysis, it is desirable to have a minimum of __ subject(s) for each test or variable
5
The General Aptitude Test Battery is composed of
8 paper-and-pencil tests and 4 apparatus measures 59 tests
Which formula depicts how Wechsler computed IQs
A IQ = mental age/chronological age B IQ = attained score/expected mean score for age (C both)
What are the latest versions of the Wechsler intelligence tests
A WPPS-III, WISC-IV, and WAIS-IV
Most definitions of learning disabilities emphasize
A a discrepancy between ability and achievement B the exclusion of certain causes C onset in childhood (D all)
The KABC-II is designed to assess
A intelligence C personality (D both a and c)
Individual achievement tests play an essential role in the
A screening of mentally retarded persons B measurement of school-related aptitude C diagnosis of a learning disability (D all)
If an apparent learning difficulty is primarily caused by _________, then a learning disability cannot be diagnosed
A visual problems B mental retardation C economic advantage (D all)
__ conceptions of intelligence emphasize harmonious and stable intergroup relations
African
Achievement tests can be used to
All of the above
In recent factor analyses, what subtest was found not to load specifically on the Verbal Intelligence factor
Arithmetic
__ is designed to be a measure of fluid intelligence, which is the capacity to perform mental operations such as manipulation of abstract symbols
Matrix reasoning
"The ability to judge well, to understand well, to reason well" was the definition of intelligence offered by
Binet & Simon
In the information-processing approach to intelligence, schemes (rules of thinking) are an example of
Metacognition or the executive system?
Which theory proposed that intelligence consists of pervasive (Stratum III), broad(Stratum II), and narrow abilities (Stratum I) that are hierarchically organized
Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory
__ intelligence consists of the internal mental mechanisms that are responsible for intelligent behavior
Componential
__ intelligence is defined as mental activity involved in purposive adaptation to, shaping of, and selection of real-world environments relevant to one's life.
Contexual
a design that combines cross-sectional and longitudinal methods
Cross-Sequential design
what one has already learned through the investment of fluid intelligence in cultural settings is
Crystallized intelligence
"The mental capacity to automatize information processing and to emit contextually appropriate behavior in response to novelty" was the definition of intelligence offered by
Sternberg
In the equation Y=bX+a, the predicted grade point average would be
Y
In ____, the examinee must form an internal visual mental trace in order to answer the items correctly
Digits backward
__ conceptions of intelligence emphasize benevolence, humility,freedom from conventional standards of judgment, and doing what is right
Eastern
In 2002, an Analytical Writing subtest was added to this prominent group test
GRE
The 2 major theoretical models of intelligence behind the KABC-II are:
Luria & CHC
__ work led to a general theory of information-processing which includes two primary mental operations: simultaneous processing and successive processing
Luria's
When demographic variables such as socioeconomic status are taken into account the size of the mean African-American and White IQ difference
Reduces to .5 to .7 standard deviations
According to Sternberg, the ability to leave the environment we are in and to find a different environment more suitable to our talents and needs is known as
Selection
"A general ability that involves mainly the eduction of relations and correlates" was the definition of intelligence offered by
Spearman
The analogy "hammer : nail : screwdriver : ?" exemplifies the approach to intelligence favored by
Spearman
Who proposed that an examinee's performance on a intelligence test is determined mainly by two influences: g, the pervasive general factor, and s, a factor specific to the test or subtest?
Spearman
For large, heterogeneous samples, scores on any two mainstream intelligence testing instruments typically correlate
d. .80-.90
Which concept incorporates and reflects social values
Test fairness
The test which now has a 9-item version of the standard 60-item test which is both psychometrically sound and correlated with the original test's full scale score in the .90 .98 range is the
The general aptitude test battery
The view that intelligence consists of about seven primary mental abilities was putforth by
Thurstone
In the Lexile approach, reading demand of the test is based on
Vocabulary and sentence length
"The aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with the environment" was the definition of intelligence offered by
Wechsler
The first Wechsler test was the __, designed for the assessment of __.
Wechsler-intelligence scale, adults
A particular weakness of the ASVAB is that
a subtest may occur in more than one composite
Statistically speaking, a factor is
a weighted linear sum of the variables
The KBIT-2 can be administered in about
a. 20 mins hint: think if BIT like small (small IQ test)
This test has the oldest heritage of any intelligence test
a. Stanford-Binet: Fifth Edition
Which of the following tests uses a routing procedure?
a. Stanford-Binet: Fifth Edition
This tests was constructed according to the principles of item response theory
a. Stanford-Binet: Fifth edition
On this subtest, the more difficult items require the analysis of spatial relations, visual-motor coordination, and the rigid application of logic
a. block design
This subtest is strongly speeded, that is, adults must perform very quickly to get maximum scores
a. block design
An important goal of the KABC-II is to
a. reduce score differences between those from diverse ethnic and cultural groups
Perhaps the most widely used definition of learning disabilities is
a. the one mandated by Public Law 94-142
What is the most important distinction between the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities definition of learning disability and the federal definition
abandons excessive reliance upon discrepancy between ability and achievement
Longitudinal students suffer from the following pitfalls
all of the above
On the WISC-IV, which subtests load on the perceptual reasoning factor
all of the above
What are the advantages of giving military applicants the ASVAB in a computer adaptive testing format
all of the above
The __ refers to biologically-based properties necessary for information processing, such as memory span and speed encoding/decoding information
architectural system
In factor analysis of the Wechsler tests, this subtest frequently loads on a third factor variously interpreted as "freedom from distractibility" or "memory"
arithmetic
Which of the following subtest has a time limit?
arithmetic
The optional trial section of the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) is
assesses psychological, social, and biological foundations of behavoir
With __ rotations, it is also possible to factor analyze the factors themselves.
oblique
The first version of the WISC was published in about
b. 1950
This subtest is found to be highly sensitive to the effects of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury
b. letter-number sequencing
Which gender is more likely to receive a diagnosis of learning disability
boys
What ability is the quintessential example of crystallized Intelligence
breadth of vocabulary
For the Wechsler tests, the standard deviation of IQ is always
c. 15
Next to Binet and Simon, the one individual who has had the greatest influence upon the testing of individual intelligence is
c. Wechsler
In developing his intelligence tests, Wechsler
c. borrowed heavily from existing instruments for most subtests
In terms of validity, which test(s) is suitable for a 16-year-old examinee?
c. both a and b
Wechsler's first intelligence test was based upon the assumption(s) that
c. both a and b
On the WAIS-III, this subtest requires the examinee to interpret proverbs
c. comprehension
The most serious problem with the DTLA-4 is that
c. the breakdown into composites is not empirically supported
This is the first intelligence test to consider religious tradition as a variable in the selection of normative subjects
c.Stanford-Binet: Fifth edition
This test is suitable for children age 2 through adults age 85+
c.Stanford-Binet: Fifth edition
This subtest is one of the most sensitive subtests to the effects of organic impairment.
coding
In an information-processing theory of intelligence, the executive system is akin to
computer software
What are the two main forms of factor analysis
confirmatory and exploratory
In Guilford's model, ___ refer to the nature of the materials or information presented to the examinee
contents
With oblique axes, the factors are
correlated among themselves
Statistically speaking, factor loadings are
correlation coefficients between variables and factors
The beginning point for every factor analysis is the
correlation matrix
This test is especially useful at both ends of the cognitive spectrum--the very young, those with developmental delays, and the highly gifted
d. Stanford-Binet: Fifth edition
The KABC-II includes the following scale:
d. all of the above
The standardization sample on the WAIS-IV excluded
d. all of the above
Wechsler believed that the following condition(s) gave rise to a test pattern of verbal greater than performance IQ
d. all of the above organic brain disease, psychoses, and emotional disorders
The standardization sample of the WAIS-IV was carefully stratified on
d. all of the above race, geographic region, and educational attainment
Efficient performance on this subtest requires the ability to quickly produce distinctive verbal codes to represent symbols in memory
d. coding
Performance on this subtest shows a steep decrement with advancing age
d. coding
Indirectly, this subtest measures learning and memory skills insofar as subjects must retain knowledge gained from formal and informal educational opportunities in order to answer the items
d. information hint: you must keep the information you learn in education to pass this test
This subtest is a measure of working memory
d. letter-number sequencing
The KBIT-2 is appropriate
d. none of the above
Wechsler's purpose in dividing his scales into verbal and performance sections was to use his test in
d. psychiatric diagnosis
This subtest evaluates the examinee's ability to distinguish important from unimportant resemblances in objects, facts, and ideas
d. similarities
The capacity to quickly press the space bar whenever the letter X appears on a computer screen would involve the use of what broad factor of intelligence
decision/reaction time
Wechsler believed that raw intelligence _____ with advancing age
declined
Performance on this subtest may be affected by anxiety or fatigue, and many clinicians have noted that patients hospitalized for medical or psychiatric reasons frequently perform poorly on it.
digit span
The Multidimensional Aptitude Battery does not have a ____ subtest
digit span
A test question such as "List as many consequences as possible if clouds had strings hanging down from them" is an index of
divergent thinking
In Guilford's system, retrieving from memory items of a specific class, such as naming objects that are both hard and edible, is an example of
divergent thinking
The __ refers to environmentally-learned components that steer problem solving and provide overall guidance to the functional components
executive system
According to Sternberg, a person with good __ intelligence is able to deal effectively with novel tasks.
experiential
The factor matrix consists of a table of correlations called
factor loadings
A largely nonverbal and relatively culture-reduced form of mental efficiency is
fluid intelligence
The "sensory keenness" approach to the measurement of intelligence
has modern proponents such as Jensen
The purpose of factor analysis is to:
help produce a parsimonious description of large, complex data sets (correct answer) 2.discover the correlations that exist between tests or variables 3.produce a larger number of factors from a smaller number of tests or variables (4.none of the above)
Factual knowledge of persons, places, and common phenomena is tested by the __ subtest
information
Gardner has hypothesized that all of the following intelligences exist EXCEPT
intuitive
Social competence as an ingredient of intelligence is emphasized by
laypersons
In general, WAIS-IV IQs are _______ WAIS-III IQs.
lower than
What are the three major sections of the Scholastic Assessment Test
math, reading, writing
What of the following is NOT one of the four domains (or index scores) measured on the WAIS-IV?
mental processing index
Suppose that you observe that you are having more trouble learning X than learning Y. In the language of information-processing theories, this is an example of
metacognition
Compared to the index scores, the reliabilities for the 15 subtests are
much weaker
In his theory of multiple intelligences, Gardner (1998) has recently proposed three new forms of intelligence. Which of the below is NOT one of these recent additions
musical intelligence
This subtest is the least reliable of the Wechsler subtest
object assembly
A particular kind of factor can emerge from factor analysis
only if the tests and measures contain that factor in the first place
A(n) ___ definition defines a concept in terms of the way it is measured
operational
The __ definition of intelligence does not allow for the possibility that new tests or conceptions of intelligence may be superior to old ones
operational
A(n) __ definition is one that seeks to tell us the true nature of the thing being defined
real
The naming of factors depends upon
reasoned judgement
According to the textbook author, a possible problem with contemporary intelligence tests is that they do not
require to subject to adapt to new situations
A mentally deficient individual who has a highly developed talent in a single area is known as a(n)
savant
When the factors are factor analyzed, the outcome consists of
second-order factors
Evidence for validity of the KBIT-II can be characterized as
strong
This Wechsler subtest is highly speeded.
symbol search
__appears to be a good measure of processing speed
symbol search
What are marker tests?
tests from a larger battery that best depict the major factors
Gardner (1986) defined intelligence as:
the ability or skill to solve problems or to fashion products which are valued within one or more cultural settings
Regarding the correlation between Raven's Progressive Matrices and other measures
the correlations tend to be higher with performance than with verbal tests.
Compared to his predecessors, Guilford's approach to the study of intelligence placed a greater emphasis upon
the role of creativity in intelligence
According to the philosophy of ____, without exception, the best qualified candidates should be selected for employment, admission, or other privilege
unqualified individualism
The KBIT-II consists of 2 scales
verbal and nonverbal
In order of importance, experts saw __ as crucial to intelligence.
verbal intelligence, problem-solving ability, and practical intelligence
The scholastic aptitude index of the Differential Aptitude Test consists of
verbal reasoning and numerical aptitude
Vernon's two major group factors are
verbal-educational and practical-mechanical
In factor analysis, Comrey rates a sample size of 500 as
very good
If an examinee is shown a picture of a completed shape and asked to select from six smaller shapes the three that could be used to assemble the larger completed shape, what subtest of the WAIS-IV is the examinee taking?
visual puzzles
Performance on this subtest is dependent upon the lifelong application of contextual inference.
vocabulary
Subtests from the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement-II assess all of the following EXCEPT
vocabulary
The __subtest has the highest correlation with overall IQ
vocabulary
__ is the only subtest that does not reveal its highest coorelation with its corresponding
vocabulary
Digit span and arithmetic subtest are found on the __
working memory index