Psych 012 Inquizitive chp 1

Identify the true and false statements about what researchers should do when the data do not support the theory behind their study's hypothesis.

True Statement(s) They should consider revising the theory. They should improve the research design.

Match each research question to the correct type of research on the figure

Basic research: is there physiological evidence that circadiam rhythms is linked to mood? Traditional reserach: Using findings of previous research on circadiam rhythms, can adjust light exposure in a laboratory study show a improvement in mood? Applied research: How effective is light therapy at treating depression in college students?

Match each research question to the type of research it falls under.

Can the previously documented persuasive effects of scarcity be used to increase recycling?translational research Do farm safety days decrease accidents among rural children? applied research What are the effects of cocaine on the sociability of rats? basic research How quickly can the human eye switch between targets?basic research Do tablet computers increase the productivity of nurses in an emergency room? applied research Can laboratory studies on empathy's link to racism be used to develop a new program for elementary schools? translational research

Which of the following features are characteristics of a good theory?

Characteristic(s) of a good theory: Falisifiable suported by data Not characteristic(s) of a good theory: intuitive proven by data

Jimin comes across a news report with the headline "Protein shakes make you a better athlete." Identify the tactics that Jimin should take to avoid being misled by this news report.

Correct Tactic(s): have a skeptical mindset and ask questions about the results consult the original source of the article Incorrect Tactic(s): use common sense to decide whether the news report is true or false assume that the journalist's report is completely wrong accept that everything in the article is true

Match of the term fits whether it is empirical evidence or not

Empirical: a questionnaire, a stopwatch, a therometer Not Empirical: common sense, an expert opinion, a convincing evidence

Identify each statement as either a reason to know how to be a research producer, or a reason to know how to be a research consumer.

Reason(s) to Know How to Be a Producer: You may need to write a paper following the guidelines of the American Psychological Association (APA). You may work as an assistant in a psychology lab. Reason(s) to Know How to Be a Consumer: You may pursue a career where it is important to have a critical eye. You may encounter a mix of high-quality information and false information on social media.

Match each of Merton's scientific norms to the correct definition.

SCientific knowledge is created by and belongs to the community -> communality Scientists claim are evaluated basedon merit, and not by the researcher's reputation -> universialism Scientists question their own theories and even widely accepted ideas -> organized skepticism Scientsits are not swayws by profit or idealism but rather strive to discover the truth -> disinterestedness

Identify the true and false statements about scientific research.

True Statement(s) Multiple replications of the same study provide strong support for a theory. Every theory should be falsifiable. False Statement(s) If a result does not support a theory, that theory should be discarded. If a researcher tests their hypothesis and the results are as predicted, this proves their theory.

Identify the true and false statements about the research process.

True: researchers will ideally post their hypothesis pubically online before collecting data researchers rarely stop at one study; they usually follow up on findings wi/th additional studies False: a single study can debunk a theory if the data are inconsistant withi the theory only one study is needed for researchers to be confident about a research finding if a research study's findings are consistent witht the theory,that is proof that the theory is valid

Identify each activity as an example of either producing or consuming research.

Using research findings to update patients' treatment plans -> consuming research Using previous studies to create a newstudy that analyzes all of those previous findings -> producing research reporting current trends in biology research in a news article -> consuming reserach creating and testing a hypothesis on sexuality in teenagers -> producing research

Which of the following practices are common ways in which journalists misrepresent research studies in their media articles?

Way(s) to Misrepresent Original Research: selecting only certain parts of the results to write about exaggerating the importance of the findings Not Way(s) to Misrepresent Original Research: using terms that can only be understood by those with specialized knowledge recalculating the published statistics

Yara tells a few of her friends about a study that, she heard, showed that being less motivated to succeed can improve test performance. Yara, however, did not fully understand the study's finding, which was that being overly motivated can hinder test performance. What is the consequence of Yara's being a poor research consumer?

Yara and her friends could potentially adopt a practice that hurts, rather than helps, their test scores

Yousef;s professor tells him that his theory about dating is not strong because it is not falisible. What does the professor mean by this?

Yousef;s theory cannot be tested to see whether it is supported by data

Psychologists engage in what aspect(s) of research?

both the production and consumption of research

Psychological scientists base their conclusions on evidence. They collect and use data to develop, support, or challenge a theory. What is this approach called?

empiricism

Using evidence from the senses (or from an instrument, such as a thermometer or questionnaire, that assists the senses) as the basis for conclusions is known as what?

empiricism

Mercedes comes across an article on Twitter about how some people are wearing tinfoil hats to ward against remote mindreading by the government. A problem with conspiracy theories, such as government mental surveillance, is that it is impossible to gather evidence to test whether there is support for them. This means that the remote mindreading conspiracy theory is not ________.

falsifiable

Harlow's ___ was that baby monkeys would spend most of their time with the fuzzy, cloth-covered mother. Harlow's ___ was that babies are attached to their mothers for the comfort mothers provide, not for the food. The amount of time baby monkeys spent on the wire mother and the cloth-covered mother was Harlow's ___.

hypothesis, theory, data

A scientific ___ is a periodic publication that is ____ and contains articles written by quialified ____

journal, peer-reviewed, researchers

Sociologist Robert Merton (1042) named four norms that scientists should follow, One of these norms is ___, which means that scientists should accept almost nothing as face value. If researchers follow the theory-data cycle and follow the norms of the scientific community, science will be ___.

organized skepticism, self-correcting

Identify each type of person as either a research producer or a research consumer.

someone who takes research and applies it to their career or daily liferesearch consumer -> research consumer someone who facilitates the research process in order to increase knowledgeresearch producer -> research producer

Keyanna is thinking of marketing consulting as a potential future career. Identify each task associated with consulting as either producing research or consuming research.

test different marketing strategies to identify the best one -> producing research look at analyses conducted by other firms, and inform clients of the findings -> consuming research keep up to date on current product trends -> consuming reserach collect and analyze data, and present the results to clients

Zanna is a high school teacher. After reading a headline in the newspaper that states, "Scared Straight program sets teens on straight path," she considers implementing this program in her classroom. But when Zanna digs deeper to look at published studies with randomized, controlled groups, she sees that teens who were in a Scared Straight program actually committed more crimes that teens who were not. What key point does Zanna's experience best illustrate?

the importance of beinga smart consumer of research

A statement, or a set of statements, that describes general principles about how variables are related to one another is a(n) ____ . A specific outcome that the researcher expects to find is a(n) ____

theory, hypothesis

Place the steps of the theory-data cycle in the order in which they usually occur.

theory, research question, research design, hypothesis, preregistration, data

After reading about Harlow's contact comfort theory, Dr. Borden wonders if Harlow's findings would apply to premature babies in a neonatal intensive care unit. He designs a study to test whether touch and cuddling could speed up weight gain in premature babies. What type of research does Dr. Borden's study fall under?

translational research

Identify each activity as an example of either producing or consuming research

using previous studies to create a new study that analyzes all of those previous findings -> producing research reporting current trends in biology research in a news article ->consuming research using research findings to update patients' treatment plans ->consuming research creating and testing a hypothesis on sexuality in teenagers ->producing research