Psych 410 Chapter 5
Recall
subjects are asked to report stimuli they have previously seen or heard
word length effect
the notion that it is more difficult to remember a list of long words than a list of short words.
Long-term memory
this memory is responsible for storing information for long periods of time.
Visuospatial sketch pad
Holds visual and spatial information
10 to 15 seconds
How long will information stay in our memory if we don't repeat them over and over.
Sensory memory
A brief stage of memory that holds information for seconds or fractions of a second. It is the first stage in the modal model of memory
Episodic Buffer
A component added to the Baddeley's original working memory model that serves as a "backup" store that communicates with both LTM and the components of working memory. It holds information longer and has a greater capacity than the phonological loop or visuospatial sketch pad.
Short-term
A person with a reduced digit span would most likely have a problem with ______________memory.
Whole Report Method
A procedure used in Sperling's experiment on thee properties of the visual icon, in which participants were instructed to report all the stimuli they saw in a brief presentation.
STM, Simutaneously
According to Atkinson and Shiffrin's modal model, it should only be possible to perform one of these tasks, which should occupy the entire__________. But when Braddeley did experiments involving tasks similar to those in the previous demonstration, he found that subjects were able to read while_______________remembering numbers.
Trying to remember the definition of a word they just learned
According to the model of working memory, which of the following mental tasks should least adversely affect people's driving performance while operating a car along an unfamiliar, winding road.
Procedural Memory
An activity that is systematic that last a life time, example riding a bike or swimming.
Phonological similarity effect
An effect that occurs when letters or words that are similar are confused. For example, T and P are two similar-sounding letters that could be confused.
Sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory
Atkinson and Shiffrin's model model of memory consist of what three structural features.
Echoic Memory
Brief sensory memory found is known as
Sound
Given the different theoretical components of working memory, the code for those memories is most likely based on the _____________of the stimulus.
the visuospatial sketch pad
Imagine yourself walking from your car, bus stop, or dorm to your first class. Your ability to form such a picture in your mind depends on which of the following components of working memory?
seconds or a fraction of a second
Information remains in sensory memory for
Articulatory suppression
Interference with operation of the phonological loop that occurs when a person repeats an irrelevant word such as "the" while carrying out a task that requires the phonological loop
Central Executive
Is where the working memory occurs.
Semantic memory
Memories of facts, birth dates; names of objects (that a car)
Phonological loop, Central executive, Visuospatial Sketch Pad
Name the 3 components of working memory by Baddeley's Model
Proactive Interference
Occurs when information learned previously interferes with learning new information. Ex. your native language may make it more difficult to learn and remember a new foreign language
Retroactive interference
Occurs when new learning interferes with remembering old learning. Example, After you get a new telephone number and use it ofr a while, you may have difficulty remembering your old phone number.
Central executive
The part of working memory that coordinates the activity of the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketch pad. The "traffic cop" of the working memory system.
Retrieval
The process of remembering information that is stored in long-term memory.
encoding
The process of storing a stimuli (ex. phone number) in long-term memory
Sensory Memory
The reason we study this memory is to demonstrate an ingenious procedure for measuring how much information we can take in immediately, and how much of that information remains half a second later.
Persistence of vision
The retention of the perception of light in your mind, ex the tail of light when waving a sparkler. A Sparkler can cause a a trail of light when it is moved rapidly. Additionally this trail occurs because the perception of the light is briefly held in the mind.
the phonological loop of the working memory model has a limited capacity
The word-length effect reveals that
Visuospatial Sketch Pad
This component of the working model by Baddeley handles visual and spatial information and is therefore involved in the process of visual imagery.
Visuospatial sketch pad
This part of Braddeley's working memory model deals with visual and spatial information.
Phonological Store, Visuospatial Sketch pad and Central Executive
What are the three components of the working memory according to Braddeley?
Phonological loop, Central executive, Visuospatial Sketch Pad
What are the three main components of Baddeley and Hitch's model of working memory?
Sensory memory Short-term memory (STM) Long-term memory (LTM)
What are the three types of memory in the Modal model of memory?
phonological store and articulatory rehearsal process
What are the two components of the phonological loop?
Whole report and partial report
What are the two methods to determine the capacity and time course of visual sensory memory?
Verbal and auditory information
What does the phonological loop consist of?
Visual and spatial information
What does thee visuspatial Sketch pad consist of
15-20 seconds
What is the duration of STM?
about 2-4 second
What is the duration of auditory sensory memory (echoic memory)
less than 1 second
What is the duration of visual sensory memory (iconic memory)
Sensory Memory
What is the initial stage that holds all incoming information for seconds or fractions of a second?
Digit Span
What is the number of digits a person can remember
15 to 20 seconds or less
What is the time span of STM?
Short Term Memory
What memory is responsible for a great deal of our mental life. Everything we think about or know at a particular moment in time involves this memory because this memory is the window on the present.
the length of iconic memory (the persistence of vision) is about a fraction of a second
When a sparkler is twirled rapidly, people perceive a circle of light. This a occurs because
Visuospatial sketch pad
When you form a picture in your mind or do tasks like solving a puzzle or finding your way around campus ,what component of Braddeley's working memory model are you using?
Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin (1968)
Who developed the Modal Model of Memory?
It contained features of many of the memory modes that were being proposed in the 1960
Why is the flow chart diagram for Atkinson and Shiffrin's (1968) modal model of memory called the Modal Model.
Working memory is concerned with both holding and processing information
Working memory differs from short-term memory in that
Articulatory suppression
____________ occurs when remembering the second list becomes harder because repeating "the, the, the.....overloads the phonological loop
Bradley, components, separately
_________concluded that working memory must be dynamic and must also consist of a number of _____________that can function ________________.
Proactive interference
interference that occurs when information that was learned previously interferes with learning new information.
Memory
is the process involved in retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas, and skills after the original information is no longer present
Short-term memory (STM)
is the system involved in storing small amount of information for a brief period of time.
Retroactive interference
occurs when new learning interferes with remembering old learning.