Psych 410 Chapter 5

Recall

subjects are asked to report stimuli they have previously seen or heard

word length effect

the notion that it is more difficult to remember a list of long words than a list of short words.

Long-term memory

this memory is responsible for storing information for long periods of time.

Visuospatial sketch pad

Holds visual and spatial information

10 to 15 seconds

How long will information stay in our memory if we don't repeat them over and over.

Sensory memory

A brief stage of memory that holds information for seconds or fractions of a second. It is the first stage in the modal model of memory

Episodic Buffer

A component added to the Baddeley's original working memory model that serves as a "backup" store that communicates with both LTM and the components of working memory. It holds information longer and has a greater capacity than the phonological loop or visuospatial sketch pad.

Short-term

A person with a reduced digit span would most likely have a problem with ______________memory.

Whole Report Method

A procedure used in Sperling's experiment on thee properties of the visual icon, in which participants were instructed to report all the stimuli they saw in a brief presentation.

STM, Simutaneously

According to Atkinson and Shiffrin's modal model, it should only be possible to perform one of these tasks, which should occupy the entire__________. But when Braddeley did experiments involving tasks similar to those in the previous demonstration, he found that subjects were able to read while_______________remembering numbers.

Trying to remember the definition of a word they just learned

According to the model of working memory, which of the following mental tasks should least adversely affect people's driving performance while operating a car along an unfamiliar, winding road.

Procedural Memory

An activity that is systematic that last a life time, example riding a bike or swimming.

Phonological similarity effect

An effect that occurs when letters or words that are similar are confused. For example, T and P are two similar-sounding letters that could be confused.

Sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory

Atkinson and Shiffrin's model model of memory consist of what three structural features.

Echoic Memory

Brief sensory memory found is known as

Sound

Given the different theoretical components of working memory, the code for those memories is most likely based on the _____________of the stimulus.

the visuospatial sketch pad

Imagine yourself walking from your car, bus stop, or dorm to your first class. Your ability to form such a picture in your mind depends on which of the following components of working memory?

seconds or a fraction of a second

Information remains in sensory memory for

Articulatory suppression

Interference with operation of the phonological loop that occurs when a person repeats an irrelevant word such as "the" while carrying out a task that requires the phonological loop

Central Executive

Is where the working memory occurs.

Semantic memory

Memories of facts, birth dates; names of objects (that a car)

Phonological loop, Central executive, Visuospatial Sketch Pad

Name the 3 components of working memory by Baddeley's Model

Proactive Interference

Occurs when information learned previously interferes with learning new information. Ex. your native language may make it more difficult to learn and remember a new foreign language

Retroactive interference

Occurs when new learning interferes with remembering old learning. Example, After you get a new telephone number and use it ofr a while, you may have difficulty remembering your old phone number.

Central executive

The part of working memory that coordinates the activity of the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketch pad. The "traffic cop" of the working memory system.

Retrieval

The process of remembering information that is stored in long-term memory.

encoding

The process of storing a stimuli (ex. phone number) in long-term memory

Sensory Memory

The reason we study this memory is to demonstrate an ingenious procedure for measuring how much information we can take in immediately, and how much of that information remains half a second later.

Persistence of vision

The retention of the perception of light in your mind, ex the tail of light when waving a sparkler. A Sparkler can cause a a trail of light when it is moved rapidly. Additionally this trail occurs because the perception of the light is briefly held in the mind.

the phonological loop of the working memory model has a limited capacity

The word-length effect reveals that

Visuospatial Sketch Pad

This component of the working model by Baddeley handles visual and spatial information and is therefore involved in the process of visual imagery.

Visuospatial sketch pad

This part of Braddeley's working memory model deals with visual and spatial information.

Phonological Store, Visuospatial Sketch pad and Central Executive

What are the three components of the working memory according to Braddeley?

Phonological loop, Central executive, Visuospatial Sketch Pad

What are the three main components of Baddeley and Hitch's model of working memory?

Sensory memory Short-term memory (STM) Long-term memory (LTM)

What are the three types of memory in the Modal model of memory?

phonological store and articulatory rehearsal process

What are the two components of the phonological loop?

Whole report and partial report

What are the two methods to determine the capacity and time course of visual sensory memory?

Verbal and auditory information

What does the phonological loop consist of?

Visual and spatial information

What does thee visuspatial Sketch pad consist of

15-20 seconds

What is the duration of STM?

about 2-4 second

What is the duration of auditory sensory memory (echoic memory)

less than 1 second

What is the duration of visual sensory memory (iconic memory)

Sensory Memory

What is the initial stage that holds all incoming information for seconds or fractions of a second?

Digit Span

What is the number of digits a person can remember

15 to 20 seconds or less

What is the time span of STM?

Short Term Memory

What memory is responsible for a great deal of our mental life. Everything we think about or know at a particular moment in time involves this memory because this memory is the window on the present.

the length of iconic memory (the persistence of vision) is about a fraction of a second

When a sparkler is twirled rapidly, people perceive a circle of light. This a occurs because

Visuospatial sketch pad

When you form a picture in your mind or do tasks like solving a puzzle or finding your way around campus ,what component of Braddeley's working memory model are you using?

Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin (1968)

Who developed the Modal Model of Memory?

It contained features of many of the memory modes that were being proposed in the 1960

Why is the flow chart diagram for Atkinson and Shiffrin's (1968) modal model of memory called the Modal Model.

Working memory is concerned with both holding and processing information

Working memory differs from short-term memory in that

Articulatory suppression

____________ occurs when remembering the second list becomes harder because repeating "the, the, the.....overloads the phonological loop

Bradley, components, separately

_________concluded that working memory must be dynamic and must also consist of a number of _____________that can function ________________.

Proactive interference

interference that occurs when information that was learned previously interferes with learning new information.

Memory

is the process involved in retaining, retrieving, and using information about stimuli, images, events, ideas, and skills after the original information is no longer present

Short-term memory (STM)

is the system involved in storing small amount of information for a brief period of time.

Retroactive interference

occurs when new learning interferes with remembering old learning.