Psych

Which of the following is one of the criteria for defining a mental disorder as spelled out in the DSM-IV-TR? a. The disturbances have a rapid onset and are a marked change from recent functioning. b. The disturbances are best explained by poverty, prejudice, or other social forces. c. The disturbances are viewed by mental health professionals as harmful, deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional. d. The disturbances involve short-term, acute distress.

The disturbances are viewed by mental health professionals as harmful, deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional.

Cephalocaudal

The fact that children tend to develop their motor skills from "top to bottom" is a demonstration of the _____________ rule.

A young man has read his ADJUST textbook and decides to try one of the hints suggested for better communication with women. He asks a woman a question about herself and listens carefully when she responds. This is an example of:

The give and take of conversation

According to Freud, the primitive component of personality that operates on the pleasure principle is:

The id

Which of the following is an example of the most effective way to deal with interpersonal conflict?

"I'm feeling hurt."

Which of the following statements is most likely to contribute to groupthink?

"I'm sure we all agree on this."

agoraphobia

The intense fear of having a panic attack in a public setting or situation may lead to fear of crowds, unfamiliar places, or situations from where escape may be difficult. This condition, which often accompanies panic disorder, is called

agoraphobia

The intense fear of having a panic attack in a public setting or situation may lead to fear of crowds, unfamiliar places, or situations from where escape may be difficult. This condition, which often accompanies panic disorder, is called _____________.

A salesperson offers a stereo system at a discount. Later, you find out that there are numerous hidden costs such as installation, warranty, and maintenance. This technique is called:

The lowball technique

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?

-1.00

Which model of psychopathology represents the greatest combination of theoretical backgrounds?

...

Which of the following is one of the criteria for defining a mental disorder as spelled out in the DSM-IV-TR?

...

Which type of psychotherapy is the best?

...

__________ therapies center on the notion that when it comes to happiness, the power lies with the people; that is, the choices we make regarding our own behavior can effectively promote our own survival and well-being.

...

Of the following groups, people who marry at the ages of ________ have higher divorce rates than people in the other groups.

14-19

obsessive compulsive

4 of 5 ____________ disorder is an anxiety disorder in which a person has irrational or disturbing thoughts that lead them to perform senseless rituals.

If you surveyed 100 trait theorists, you would expect to see many of them argue that personality is structured on ________ different dimensions

5

A typical course of electroconvulsive therapy is __________ treatments, given _____ times a week.

6 to 10; 3

Americans spend millions of dollars a year on self-help books, and at least ______ percent of therapists recommend them to their clients.

80

An attorney who strives to be the best in his practice; who is impatient and intolerant of his co-workers; and who yells at his secretary is likely:

A Type A personality

Panic

A __________ attack is marked by an intense feeling of terror, accompanied by physical symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, and sweating.

panic

A __________ attack is marked by an intense feeling of terror, accompanied by physical symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, and sweating.

Dissociative Identity Disorder is:

A controversial diagnosis

What is a personality trait?

A disposition to behave a certain way in a variety of situations

When you were growing up, your father worked as a high school basketball coach and your mother worked at a local canning plant. This is an example of:

A dual-earner household

There is currently a transition from the traditional male role to the modern male role. A result of this has been:

A masculinity crisis in which men are experiencing less pride in being a man

Approval Motive

A person's desire to be accepted by his or her peers.

Accuracy Motive

A person's desire to be correct or accurate.

Chameleon Effect

A person's unconscious mimicry of other people's expressions, behaviors, and voice tones.

A student daydreams about her future as an architect, building environmentally friendly, inexpensive housing. She is developing:

A possible self

The Rorschach inkblot test is an example of:

A projective assessment

Door-in-the-Face

A student is turned down by his professor when he asked to turn in his work a week late. The student then changed the request to, "Can I turn it in tomorrow, 1 day late?" The professor agreed as she was not a psychology professor. Clearly, she is unaware the she just fell for the _____ technique.

Whether or not a coping mechanism is considered maladaptive or healthy is really:

A value judgment made by psychologists

Attribution

A(n) _________________ is a claim about the cause of a person's behavior.

Britney is studying psychological disorders, including their symptoms, how they are diagnosed, and how they might be treated. Britney is most likely taking which of the following college classes? a. Developmental psychology b. Psychopsychiatry c. Abnormal psychology d. Social psychology

Abnormal psychology.

Research indicates that wives do ________ of the total amount of housework in a marriage compared to their husbands.

About 65%

One of the most commonly reported sexual fantasies is:

About sex with someone other than one's partner

The style of managing conflict characterized by low concern for self and high concern for others is:

Accommodation

They are highly functioning and effective because they do not limit themselves to one set of gender rules.

According to lecture, which of the following statements has research found with regard to androgynous people?

Clarifying and paraphrasing what the speaker has said when having a conversation is an example of:

Active listening

One of the main differences between acute stressors and chronic stressors is:

Acute stressors are usually shorter in duration

Which neo-Freudian introduced the concept of the inferiority complex into discussions of psychological adjustment?

Adler

The loneliest age group is:

Adolescents and young adults

The five-factor model of personality includes which of the following characteristics?

Agreeableness and conscientiousness

The General Adaptation Syndrome consists of these three stages:

Alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Hypomania

Aliya has been suffering from changes in her mood recently. She goes from a "normal" mood state to a mildly elevated mood where she seems to be more creative and energetic. She is still able to function, but she has a history of being a very even and level person. She is experiencing bouts of:

The prevalence of depression is:

Almost twice as high in women as in men

A woman feels pressure from her parents to get married to her boyfriend. This is an example of:

The marriage mandate

Chronic environmental conditions that may not be urgent but that are negatively valued and place demands on people are referred to as:

Ambient stress

________ is a barrier to effective communication.

Ambushing

Two of the four main elements of the persuasive process are:

The message and the channel

Foot-in-the-Door

An electronics store places an add for a computer for $400. When you get there, they are all out of that model, but they show you the newest model for only $750. You recognize the technique immediately as the _________ and you walk out of the store.

Has a sexual development that is intermediate or ambiguous

An intersexed individual is defined as a person who:

What is the difference between an obsession and a compulsion? a. An obsession is a behavior, while a compulsion is a thought. b. An obsession is experienced privately, while a compulsion is evident to others. c. An obsession is evident to others, while a compulsion is experienced privately. d. An obsession is a thought, while a compulsion is a behavior

An obsession is a thought, while a compulsion is a behavior.

Dual Diagnosis

Anna has been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, in this case obsessive-compulsive disorder, and a case of alcohol abuse. Which of the following terms best describes her clinical situation?

dual diagnosis

Anna has been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, in this case obsessive-compulsive disorder, and a case of alcohol abuse. Which of the following terms best describes her clinical situation?

Sarah is of above-average height but weighs less than 100 lbs. When she looks in the mirror, she thinks she is too fat. This is an example of:

Anorexia nervosa

Which of the following psychological disorders is rarely diagnosed outside of North America and Western Europe?

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

It takes about 4 to 6 weeks for the neurons to grow back to normal size

Antidepressants begin to affect the synapses in the brain within hours. Why is it that behavioral effects often take around 4 weeks to become apparent?

Sharon is experiencing delusions, hallucinations, and mental confusion. As a result, she may be prescribed ________ .

Antipsychotic drugs

teratogen

Any agent that can cause a birth defect is known as a ___________.

The three categories of constructive coping are:

Appraisal, problem, and emotion focused

Using humor as a stress reducer is a type of which of the following categories of constructive coping?

Appraisal-focused

One way to heighten your self-esteem and change experiences of rejection due to criticizing others is through:

Approaching others through a more positive outlook

Eating Disorders:

Are a largely Western problem

Children ages 3-11:

Are critical of peers who do not behave in gender appropriate ways

Children of divorce:

Are generally well adjusted in the long term

Most of our perceptions of national character:

Are inaccurate

Self-help books:

Are often dominated by psychobabble

The origins of what makes one person straight and another person gay:

Are unclear

Which of the following is true?

Attending lectures, even when the professors are disorganized, will help you do better in classes

A young, beautiful woman is married to a much older, wealthier man. This is an example of:

Attractiveness and resource exchange

The key attributes of the traditional male role include:

Autonomy and stoicism

A woman has difficulty trusting her partner. She feels uncomfortable when her children tell her that they love her. She is exhibiting a/an ________ style of attachment.

Avoidant

You meet someone at a party who frequently engages in name-dropping. She tells you that she is close friends with two popular movie stars. This is an example of:

Basking in reflected glory

The physical abuse, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse of an intimate partner is sometimes called:

Battering

Who is more likely to engage in physical aggression?

Beau, who was raised in Savannah, Georgia

Psychologists are interested in:

Behavior and its accompanying thought processes and physiological processes

Coping with the high stress demands of work by drinking heavily with co-workers every evening is an example of which of the following kinds of response?

Behavioral

Which perspective on personality development is most concerned with how one's learning history influences who they later become?

Behavioral

Suppose a friend asks you for advice about entering psychotherapy for his or her anxiety disorder. Which of the following recommendations should you make?

Behavioral or cognitive-behavioral therapies are most effective for this category of disorders.

What is the key to better time management?

Being more effective

_________is really a descriptive term in that it specifically signifies one has lost a loved one.

Bereavement

The majority of divorces occur:

Between five and ten years of marriage

The mood disorder marked by periods of low mood and energy as well as high mood and energy is:

Bipolar Disorder

People who seek emotional-sexual relationships with members of both genders are ________ .

Bisexual

One recent trend seen in psychotherapy is:

Blending of treatment approaches

Which of the following is NOT a source of self-efficacy?

Blocking emotional arousal

In selecting a self-help book, you should look for:

Books that offer detailed directions about a specific behavior

In adolescence and adulthood, the hormone testosterone plays a role in sexual activity and desire for:

Both men and women

abnormal psychology

Britney is studying psychological disorders, including their symptoms, how they are diagnosed, and how they might be treated. Britney is most likely taking which of the following college classes

Abnormal Psychology

Britney is studying psychological disorders, including their symptoms, how they are diagnosed, and how they might be treated. Britney is most likely taking which of the following college classes?

Writing down a study schedule:

Can help improve study habits

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder:

Can occur after a natural disaster

The most well-known humanistic theorist was

Carl Rogers.

__________ is a healing emotional release.

Catharsis.

Smoking is linked to higher mortality rates, but quitting smoking:

Causes health risks to lower fairly quickly

The right and left halves of the cerebrum are the ________ :

Cerebral hemispheres

Developmental

Charmaine is interested in going to graduate school to gain expertise into the way in which people experience physical, cognitive, and social changes over the course of their lives. The type of program that Charmaine should be applying to is _____________ psychology.

One way of measuring the reliability of a test is to:

Check the results upon repeated administration of the test

The first step in systematic problem solving is:

Clarifying the problem

A woman develops a feeling of discomfort every time she passes her boss's office after numerous experiences receiving criticism from him in the office. This is an example of:

Classical conditioning

__________ psychology is a field of psychology that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of people with specific mental or behavioral problems.

Clinical.

Marius is attending counseling sessions with Dr. Carbin. "I just don't seem to be attractive to the girls," Marius says. Dr. Carbin takes several minutes of their session to help Marius explore his believe that he's unattractive. She helps him identify his assumption based on the fact that a single girl declined a date, helps him realize that he is making this wide ranging assumption with very little evidence, and helps him come up with a more realistic thought. At the end of this work, Marius says, "Just because one girl didn't want to go out with me doesn't mean that another won't want a date!" Dr. Carbin has just used __________ to help her client.

Cognitive restructuring.

Two methods of reducing prejudice are:

Cognitive strategies and intergroup contact

The goal of ________ is to change clients' maladaptive beliefs and negative patterns of thinking.

Cognitive therapy

__________-behavioral therapy is based on the idea that faulty or irrational thinking leads to psychological problems, which in turn lead to unhealthy or irrational behaviors.

Cognitive.

________________ therapy places somewhat greater weight on behavioral procedures than _______________therapy does.

Cognitive; psychoanalytic

The ________ is one of three common themes that underlie friendships.

Communal nature of friendship

The best way to avoid arguments about finances in a marriage is to:

Communicate about expenses and plan together

One of the key ways to enhance sexual relationships is to:

Communicate about sex

Alfred Adler said that people ________ to overcome feelings of inferiority.

Compensate

The manual that psychologists use to assist with diagnosis of disorders is called the:

DSM

Longitudinal

Daniel is interested in studying how children's behavior changes when they grow up in high-risk environments. He enlists 500 children and their parents to take part in his research, and observes these children once a year for 20 years. This type of research is an example of a ____________ study.

At a local bar, a young woman is offered a drink from a man who she met through an intramural sports team. Her best course of action would be to:

Decline the drink

Cohabitation before marriage ________ the probability of marital success.

Decreases

________ are false beliefs that are maintained even though they are clearly out of touch with reality.

Delusions

Which of the following can be fostered by a pessimistic explanatory style?

Depression/ Learned helplessness/ Passive behavior

A woman loses her baby in a tornado that destroyed her home. For months afterward, she cannot recall the event or what her baby or home looked like. This is an example of:

Dissociative Amnesia

What general category of psychological disorders is characterized by a disruption in one's consciousness, memory, identity, or perception?

Dissociative disorders

Which of the types of psychological disorders is marked by disruptions in one's sense of consciousness and/or memory?

Dissociative disorders

The legal dissolution of a marriage is:

Divorce

The category of psychoactive medications called antipsychotics generally reduces the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders by decreasing the activity of which neurotransmitter?

Dopamine.

Anxiety problems

Dori goes to her physician complaining of a specific 'set' of psychological symptoms. After giving her a physical examination, the physician agrees to give give Dori a prescription for benzodiazepines. From which of the following problems is Dori most likely suffering

behavioral

Dr. Rogers is a psychologist who utilizes the _________ approach in psychotherapy. He concentrates on obervable actions that can be directly measured and recorded. He would be likely to use the theories of learning to help bring about positive, therapeutic change in clients

behavioral

Dr. Rogers is a psychologist who utilizes the _________ approach in psychotherapy. He concentrates on obervable actions that can be directly measured and recorded. He would be likely to use the theories of learning to help bring about positive, therapeutic change in clients.

Bipolar Disorder

Drinking one's own urine used to be considered a treatment for what disorder? (Hint: The treatment used with the urine was Lithium)

MAOIs

Due to their potentially lethal side effects, __________ are usually a last resort medication for people who have not responded to other types of antidepressants

Responses to stress include:

Emotional, physiological and behavioral responses

A couple have been married for many years. When the husband is released from his job, the wife tells him that she believes in him and she knows that he will find another job soon because of his strengths and talents. This is an example of ________ , a key component of making a relationship last.

Emphasizing the positive

Dr. Wang works long hours, often seeing patients in evenings. He is motivated to work as much as possible because of the joy he obtains in helping others. He loves his work! This is an example of which type of workaholism?

Enthusiastic

One of the reasons why multicultural sensitivity in therapy is deemed important is:

Ethnic minority groups underutilize therapy

A psychologist asks a client a number of questions about the possible cause of her anxiety disorder. The psychologist is looking for the ________ of the problem.

Etiology

In secondary appraisal, one:

Evaluates coping resources for dealing with stress

Cognitive Dissonance

Even as Leon is standing outside puffing away on an unfiltered cigarette, he is thinking to himself, "You know, this is really stupid. It's bad for me, and it makes me smell like an ashtray." Leon's discomfort - the divide between his attitude and his behavior - results in ______________.

Hypochondriasis

Excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illness is called

Hypochondriasis

Excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illness is called:

Pressure is defined as:

Expectations or demands that one behave a certain way

Dr. Michelin believes that the best way to conquer your fear is to face it. She has a client who has a crippling fear of dogs, and so Dr. Michelin believes that this client must come face to face with a dog at some point if she is to overcome her fears. Dr. Michelin clearly believes in the use of __________ treatments.

Exposure.

Achak is upset. He tells his roommate that if his psychology teacher knew how to teach, he would not have flunked his midterm. What locus of control is Achak demonstrating?

External

Research on inmates placed in solitary confinement suggests that they experience more psychological symptoms, especially mood and anxiety problems, than other inmates. However, this finding may be difficult to interpret because some inmates may be more emotionally maladjusted to begin with. Which of the six principles of scientific thinking does this research finding fit into?

Extraordinary claims

Antipsychotic drugs include SSRIs, MAOIs, and benzodiazepines.

False.

Electroconvulsive therapy, because of its serious risks to sensitive tissue in the brain, is only used for the most severe cases of schizophrenia.

False.

Medication is simply more effective at reducing psychopathological symptoms than therapy.

False.

Schizophrenia is the most commonly diagnosed of all of the psychiatric disorders in the DSM-IV-TR.

False.

Research into the memories of those claiming to suffer from dissociative identity disorder (DID) has found that information presented to one "alter" is usually available to the other. This finding has shed doubt on the concept of amnesia across alternate personalities in cases of DID. This situation demonstrates which of the six principles mentioned in your chapter?

Falsifiability

Three factors of initial attraction are proximity, ________ , and physical attractiveness:

Familiarity

Peter is a pre-med major. His father is a surgeon and his grandfather was a rural family doctor. This is an example of ________ on career choice.

Family influence

__________ therapy is a type of therapist in which the therapist views the family as a single unit and attempts to resolve conflicts and stresses that arise among the family members.

Family.

One of the biggest themes underlying why partners stay with someone who batters them is:

Fear

________ is oral stimulation of the penis.

Fellatio

The stereotypes for ________ reflect a quality of expressiveness.

Females

During an interview, it is especially important:

For a woman to give a firm handshake

In therapy, a client lets her mind drift and states a number of thoughts and feelings without censoring what she is saying. This is an example of:

Free association

Which of the following is true about sex in marriage?

Frequency of sex tends to decline over time

Mark and Rachel have known each other since childhood. They go to the same university and have the same circle of friends. They are not dating, but have sex occasionally. This is an example of:

Friends with benefits

When your friend Suzanne does poorly on a test, you attribute it to her laziness and procrastination rather than to the fact that she had to take her car to the shop and run errands for her mother instead of studying. This is an example of:

Fundamental attribution error

Males and females who score low on both masculinity and femininity are characterized as:

Gender-role undifferentiated

Steve is constantly nervous and worried. He cannot identify what it is that makes him upset, and he has difficulty sleeping and occasional stomach problems. The best diagnosis for Steve would be __________.

Generalized anxiety disorder.

People who are single and have never been married:

Generally hope to be married at some point

Rogers believed that the three necessary conditions for positive change to occur were unconditional positive regard, empathy, and:

Genuineness

obsessions

Gerald has a constant thought that he has germs on his hands, and the longer he ruminates about this the more uncomfortable he gets. If he cannot get to a sink and wash with hot water and soap, he begins to feel that not only is he "dirty" but also that he is "contaminated." In this clinical example, the thoughts that invade Gerald's life are called

obsessions

Gerald has a constant thought that he has germs on his hands, and the longer he ruminates about this the more uncomfortable he gets. If he cannot get to a sink and wash with hot water and soap, he begins to feel that not only is he "dirty" but also that he is "contaminated." In this clinical example, the thoughts that invade Gerald's life are called _____________.

One way of increasing self-esteem is through:

Getting to know yourself better

The barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to higher levels in the workplace is called:

Glass ceiling

Divorce imposes ________ on women than on men.

Greater financial stress

Feeling insects crawling on your skin (when none are really there) or hearing voices (when no one is around or no one is talking to you) would be examples of what symptom of schizophrenia?

Hallucinations

Of the following, the type of drug that has little to no physical or psychological dependence risk is:

Hallucinogens

Self-esteem is consistently and strongly correlated to:

Happiness

In general, lesbians:

Have less frequent sex than other couples

If you have low confidence in social situations, have difficulty accepting praise, and worry about whether other people like you, you may:

Have low self-esteem

People in arranged marriages:

Have reported as much, if not more, satisfaction than those in marriages for love

Self-Serving

Have you ever failed an exam and blamed the teacher for writing an unfair exam? Maybe you got a better grade on the next test and congratulated yourself for your study skills, your intelligence, and your tremendous effort. This might be considered an example of the _____________ bias.

Chameleon

Have you ever walked into a room where a friend or family member was racked with hysterical laughter? The fact that you started first smiling, then giggling, and then laughing even though you had no idea what you were laughing about is called the __________________ effect.

Tommy is a seven year old boy with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following would be inconsistent with this diagnosis?

He enjoys playing with his older brother.

A college student's résumé should include the following:

Heading, education, experience

________ psychology is a new specialty area within the field of psychology that focuses on the causation, prevention, and treatment of illness

Health

Diana was raised by parents who were high in acceptance, but also high in control. Which of the following is likely to be true of Diana?

Her parents had an authoritative parenting style/She probably has high self-esteem/She may be from any ethnic group and still have high self-esteem.

Recent research in behavioral genetics, such as that done in twin studies, has helped us conclude which of the following?

Hereditary factors help shape personality

A woman who makes extensive eye contact is probably in a position of:

High power

Masturbation in marriage has been linked to:

Higher marital satisfaction

A young couple decide to marry. They are both 25 years old, are both attorneys, and are both very attractive. This is an example of:

Homogamy

75% 25%

If a brown-eyed female (Bb) mates with a brown-eyed male (Bb), the probability that their child will have brown eyes is _________ while the probability that that their child will have blue eyes is _________

Heterozygous

If a pair of alleles contains one dominant gene and one recessive gene, the pair is

somatization

If an individual complains of multiple physical symptoms that affect various different body parts or systems all at the same time, with no evidence of a physical problem. He or she may be suffering from ____________ disorder

somatization

If an individual complains of multiple physical symptoms that affect various different body parts or systems all at the same time, with no evidence of a physical problem. He or she may be suffering from ____________ disorder.

Which of the following is an example of an antecedent?

If you are alone in the evening, it usually means you'll binge on ice cream

If you are on a remote country road where only one or two cars drive by each hour.

If you are driving along and you get a flat tire, in which of the following circumstance are you most likely to receive help?

St. John's Wort will cancel out other medications you are taking (including birth control pills).

If you were to try St. John's Wort (an over-the-counter herb that is helpful for some at relieving depression), what piece of advice did I ask you to keep in mind?

Avraham is terrified of water. He goes to a behavioral therapist who can't decide if he should use implosion therapy or flooding. What would each type of intervention look like? a. Implosion therapy would ask Avraham to imagine that he was wading into a swimming pool, while flooding would involve taking Avraham to a community pool and pushing him in. b. Implosion therapy would take the time to figure out why Avraham is so terrified of water, while flooding would involve the use of medication designed to induce a state of relaxation. c. Implosion therapy would focus on immediate behavioral change, while flooding would focus on uncovering the roots of Avraham's fear. d. Implosion therapy would force Avraham to get into the water and learn to swim while the therapist models how safe the water can be, while flooding would involve having Avraham sit on the side of a pool and watch the therapist get in the water alone.

Implosion therapy would ask Avraham to imagine that he was wading into a swimming pool, while flooding would involve taking Avraham to a community pool and pushing him in.

Before a job interview, a man picks out clothing that covers his tattoos; removes his visible piercings; and cuts his hair shorter than usual. This is an example of:

Impression management

schemas

In Piaget's theory, the term ____________ refers to concepts or frameworks around which people organize and interpret information.

Which of the following explanations has been offered to explain the fact that women are more often diagnosed with depression and anxiety than men? a. Women produce more estrogen than do men, and it is well-documented that estrogen has a greater impact on the emotional centers of the brain (in the limbic system) that lead to these disorders. b. In Western society, women are "allowed" to discuss their feelings, which leads to a greater incidence of diagnosis. c. Women are more likely to be unemployed, leading to a sense of learned helplessness that is so crucial to the development of anxiety and depression. d. Women are more severely affected by societal pressures, which leads them down the path of mental disorder far more readily than men.

In Western society, women are "allowed" to discuss their feelings, which leads to a greater incidence of diagnosis.

Low; High

In a clinically depressed individual, brain scans show a _________ level of activity in the Prefrontal Cortex and a _________ level of activity in the Amygdala.

What would be the primary type of setting where you would find a counselor working?

In a school or institutional setting.

Eating disorders emerge primarily:

In adolescence

The amount of money that one makes is related to well-being and happiness:

In an insignificant way

changes

In developmental psychology,cross-sectional research is exploring age ___________.

Both "The penis / clitoris would have been surgically removed" and "They would have raised it as a female (regardless of biological sex)"

In the 1950's, if a child was born with an ambiguous sex (they couldn't tell if the child had an underdeveloped penis or an overdeveloped clitoris), which of the following actions would have been taken?

A woman offers to give a neighbor's daughter a ride to school and ends agreeing to drive many of the neighborhood children to school on a daily basis. This is an example of:

Inability to say no

If you plan to put together a good exercise program, you should:

Increase activity in a gradual manner

The expression of aggression:

Increases feelings of anger and hostility

While standing in line at the grocery store, a woman behind you comments that the store is extremely crowded today. In doing so, she:

Indicated to you that she was open to small talk

A teenage girl makes fun of a new girl's appearance behind her back at school. This is an example of ________ aggression.

Indirect

You come down with a mild cough. You don't feel the need to see a doctor, but your roommate encourages you to seek treatment as soon as possible. This is due to:

Individual interpretations of symptoms and personality differences

Which of the following is a concern related to self-report measures of personality?

Individuals may answer according to social desirability, or how they think they should answer

The impression management strategy of behaving in ways to make oneself likable to others is:

Ingratiation

Which of the following is a common factor across the many forms of effective treatments?

Instilling hope

Men are more likely to use a(n) ________ style of communication, while women use a(n) ________ style of communication.

Instrumental; expressive

Stereotyped attributes for males that show an orientation toward action and accomplishment reflect the quality of ________ .

Instrumentality

The main dimensions along which self-attributions are made are:

Internal/external and stable/unstable

As a result of his depression, Stefano is frequently irritable with his roommates and other friends. They have recently begun avoiding Stefano. This is an example of ________ that contribute to depression.

Interpersonal factors

Sternberg's triangular theory of love consists of the following components:

Intimacy, passion and commitment

A non-profit organization sends you address labels with their logo on it for free, but ask for a donation to help support their campaign. This is an example of:

The reciprocity principle

The two key facets of psychology are:

The science and the profession

In correlational research, the size of the correlation refers to:

The strength of the correlation between two variables

Self Serving Bias

The tendency for a person to attribute his or her failures to external events and his or her successes to personal characteristics and skills.

Many young adults may appear to be unconcerned with issues of death and dying due to perceptions of__________.

Invincibility

Love bonds may be similar to attachment, which:

Is a typical way of interacting in a close relationship

A commercial for a dandruff shampoo makes the viewer uncomfortable and anxious about the possibility that he or she might have dandruff. This type of fear arousal:

Is typically effective

Which of the following is true of the classic Robber's Cave study by Sherif and Sherif (1967)?

It demonstrated that when the in-group and out-group mentality develops, prejudice and hostility are likely to follow and by limiting resources, thereby forcing the groups to work together, the hostility ended and friendships eventually formed.

Which of the following statements is true about the DSM-5?

It describes symptoms and includes information regarding the prevalence of specific disorders.

The DSM-5 is a valuable resource, but it is not without its limitations. Critics of this manual have suggested which of the following as a problem with the DSM?

It is vulnerable to political influences, and thus the disorders may not reflect true psychopathology but rather the "favorite" illnesses of a particular time and place.

One of the risks of hormone-based contraceptives such as the birth control pill is:

Its inability to prevent STDs

One of the contributions of Humanistic theory is:

Its positive, optimistic look at human personality development

hallucination

Keith often hears voices that tell him that he is a very bad person. Although he strains and struggles to "hear" where these voices are coming from, there are in fact no voices to hear. They are originating inside of his mind, and he experiences them as a sensory event. Keith is having a symptom of schizophrenia called

hallucination

Keith often hears voices that tell him that he is a very bad person. Although he strains and struggles to "hear" where these voices are coming from, there are in fact no voices to hear. They are originating inside of his mind, and he experiences them as a sensory event. Keith is having a symptom of schizophrenia called _____________.

Which of the following culture-bound syndrome refers to the fear that one's external genitals (for men) or breasts (for women) are retracting into their body, which will eventually cause death?

Koro

Religious-based abstinence-only and chastity programs are:

Largely ineffective and are related to more guilt

The training and work of clinical psychologists and counseling psychologists:

Largely overlap

Seasonal Affective Disorder

Laura tends to have symptoms of sleepiness, depressed moods, and an increased appetite during the winter months each year. Laura is likely to be suffering from which condition?

Self-efficacy is:

Learned and can be changed

The passive behavior developed in response to unavoidable stressors is sometimes called:

Learned helplessness

During intercourse, women are ________ to experience orgasm.

Less likely than men

According to Baumeister, which of the following does NOT describe people who are narcissistic?

Less likely to be a delinquent or criminal than those with low self-esteem

According to Eysenck, who would have the LEAST active reticular activating system (RAS)?

Lily, who likes to talk

The following is an example of the scarcity principle:

Limited time only!

Which of the following simple salt elements is used as a mood stabilizing drug, often prescribed to people suffering from bipolar disorder?

Lithium.

________ occurs when a person has fewer interpersonal relationships than desired or when these relationships are not as satisfying as desired.

Loneliness

Exercise is correlated with greater:

Longevity

Which of the following are the most highly correlated to happiness?

Love, work, and personality

Bryan is going to school after he graduates from college because he wants to be a clinical psychologist someday. Which of the following degrees would he be the least likely to pursue?

M.D.

The __________ is the most extensively researched of all structured personality tests

MMPI

The refractory period is a time in which:

Males are largely unresponsive to further stimulation

Trephination

Many years ago, the cause for psychological disorders was thought to be due to demon possession. One process to let the demons out involved hammering large holes in the skull of the individual. This process is called:

Which of the following statement is true?

Masculinity and femininity are generally seen as being on a continuum

disorganized

Mathilda has been suffering from the symptoms of schizophrenia for some time. She tends to have gross impairment of her ability to communicate with others and demonstrates inappropriate emotions on a frequent basis. Her schizophrenia is probably best categorized as the __________ subtype

disorganized

Mathilda has been suffering from the symptoms of schizophrenia for some time. She tends to have gross impairment of her ability to communicate with others and demonstrates inappropriate emotions on a frequent basis. Her schizophrenia is probably best categorized as the __________ subtype.

gender

Maurice was born win an XY chromosome type, and he has the external genitalia of a male. He has always felt like he was supposed to be a woman. He has always identified more with feminine clothes, behaviors, and emotions. According to lecture 7, Maurice has a female _____________.

Help-seeking behaviors:

May differ according to cultural beliefs

People on online dating sites:

May engage in deception due to the anonymity the internet provides

Social support networks:

May have drawbacks as well as benefits

Emotional disclosure:

May occur through talking or writing

Historically, psychological disorders were viewed with suspicion, but within the last hundred years or so, a new way of considering disorders has emerged. This is called the ________ .

Medical Model

Brittany started her period when she was 13. This is known as her ________ .

Menarche

One study looks at a group of about 80 studies related to anxiety. This is called a ________ .

Meta-analysis

The age group that seems to be most affected by unemployment or displacement, often suffering psychological distress and sometimes suicide, is:

Middle age

Miranda is in treatment for alcoholism, and her doctor has prescribed Antabuse, which will make her vomit after drinking alcohol. Why might this not be an effective treatment for Miranda?

Miranda will simply not take the Antabuse.

An employer hires a female worker but makes sexist jokes about her behind her back with male co-workers. This is an example of:

Modern discrimination

severe depression

Modern electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat

Which of the following is NOT a guideline for building self-esteem?

Modify positive self-talk.

Lesbians and gay men are ________ to maintain contact with romantic partners after a relationship has ended.

More likely

Things such as increased acceptance of singlehood and cohabitation are challenges to:

The traditional model of marriage

Bystander

The tragic case of Kitty Genovese illustrated the ___________ effect, which suggests that the more people who are present, the less likely any of them are to provide assistance when it is needed.

bystander

The tragic case of Kitty Genovese illustrated the ___________ effect, which suggests that the more people who are present, the less likely any of them are to provide assistance when it is needed.

Psychopharmacology

The treatment of mental disorder with medication is known as

People with high ________ tend to behave more aggressively when faced with critical feedback.

Narcissism

Evolutionary explanations of gender differences are based on ________ .

Natural selection

The following are methods of correlational research:

Naturalistic observation, case studies, and surveys

The cognitive factor that may make people more vulnerable to depression is:

Negative thinking

According to Aaron Beck's cognitive model of depression, people with this condition focus on the negative cognitive triad which sustains the depression. This triad includes all but WHICH of the following?

Negative views of one's past

The parenting style that is marked by low control and low acceptance is:

Neglectful

Chemicals that carry signals from one neuron to another are called ________ .

Neurotransmitters

A stimulus that interferes with accurately expressing or understanding a message is called:

Noise

Some of the things we rely on to form first impressions of other people include:

Non-verbal messages, actions, and situations

Social psychology

The way we each affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of others and are, in turn, affected by others is the study of __________________.

Suggestibility

The work of Solomon Asch showed how ___________, or susceptibility to the opinions of others, can cause people to conform.

suggestability

The work of Solomon Asch showed how ___________, or susceptibility to the opinions of others, can cause people to conform.

Masturbation is now considered ________ by sexologists:

Normal and healthy

One hint specifically for women to remember when speaking to men is to:

Not be overly apologetic

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is:

Not uncommon

A teacher tells students to line up in the hallway quietly and the children do so quickly. This is an example of:

Obedience

Someone who refuses to shake hands with other people and sets a timer on his watch to use hand sanitizer on his hands every 10 minutes likely suffers from:

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

You are attending a conference on eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and are listening to claims of how effective this technique is. The presenter states that the clients' lateral eye movements, made while they imagine a past traumatic event, enhance their processing of painful memories. However, you believe that it may not be the eye movements, but rather the exposure the technique provides. This is an example of which of the six principles of scientific thinking?

Occam's Razor

Nonverbal communication:

Often contradicts the verbal message

proximal

The zone of _____________ development from the theory of Lev Vygotsky refers to the difference between what a child can do alone and what a child can do together with a more competent person.

Cross-cultural research about personality has shown that:

There are some universal personality traits across cultures

Reference

Omar is walking through the shopping mall with 3 of his buddies, when all of the sudden they come across a curious scene. Four girls are verbally abusing a fifth girl, and it is clear that a physical altercation is about to occur. Omar stands quietly watching the scene, until two of his friends step in to try to break up the fight. When they intervene, Omar steps in as well, providing greater assurance that a fight is not going to take place. In this case, Omar's group of friends served as a _____________ group for Omar's behavior.

Tardive Dyskinesia

One of the long-term side effects of antipsychotic drugs is

How does optimism affect one's tolerance for stress?

Optimists are more likely to cope with stress in healthy ways

When a woman works outside the home:

There is usually no detrimental effect on her children

A woman is suddenly struck by the overwhelming anxiety that she is having a heart attack. She goes to the emergency room but they find nothing wrong. It is possible that she is suffering from:

Panic Disorder

A young man believes that there are a number of people in his community who are out to get him. He believes that the people who work at his local coffee shop, people at his workplace, and a homeless person on the street have been planted there to watch him. This young man is suffering from Schizophrenic Disorder, ________ subtype.

Paranoid

You approach your roommate and tell her you wish she would put dirty dishes in the sink, because you can't find them when you need to cook. Your roommate says okay, but then continues to leave dishes in her room. This is a form of:

Passive aggression

Scaffolding

Patton is five years old and wants to learn to ride a bike. At first his mother has a strong grip on both the handle bars and the seat to help stabilize him. Eventually, she lets go of the bike all together. This gradual decrease of help given to a child is known as ___________.

The Milgram experiments showed that:

People are willing to follow authority figures even when faced with an unpleasant task

Which of the following statements is true?

People have the potential to be successful at a variety of jobs

identity

People with gender _________ disorder feel that they were born into the body of the wrong sex and have a strong identification with the opposite gender.

When you walk in to a party where you don't know anyone and look around to assess the type of people who are there, you are engaging in:

Person perception

The self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute one's successes to ________ and one's failures to ________ :

Personal factors; situational factors

Which of the following is NOT included in the circle of low self-esteem and rejection?

Personal shortcomings

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs:

Physiological needs must be met before other needs can be met

The sexual response phase characterized by a slower building of arousal is the:

Plateau phase

Deception, or lying, is:

Possibly detectable but very subtle and difficult to spot

__________ stress disorder refers to an anxiety disorder caused by experiencing or witnessing out-of-control events with feelings of helplessness and fear.

Post-traumatic.

Most gay people:

Prefer stable, long term relationships

After intercourse, a woman washes her genitals and urinates. These are two factors that contribute to:

Preventing STDs

One of the drawbacks of communicating through social media networking is:

Privacy concerns

Angela has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She is in her late teens, is experiencing her first psychotic episode, and has been hospitalized. Her parents have given consent for treatment with medications, and intend to follow up with carefully trained physicians and therapists to get psychotherapy, education, and medication. If they are very conscientious about her care, and if Angela is an active and willing participant in her own treatment, she should be able to manage her illness and lead a productive and happy life. This anticipated outcome of an illness is called a(n ) __________.

Prognosis.

Which theory of personality is most concerned with understanding people's unconscious motivations?

Psychoanalytic

Criticisms of the following theories include the fact that concepts are difficult to define and measure:

Psychodynamic and Humanistic

Strange Situation

Psychologist Mary Ainsworth developed the __________ test in order to assess the different types of attachment that might exist between a child and his or her primary caregiver.

Over the last 50 years, the study of how medications affect the mind and behavior has flourished. This discipline, called __________, has been a tremendous step forward in the treatment of mental illness.

Psychopharmacology.

A teen begins to decrease his use of Facebook after some friends tease him about his posts. This is an example of:

Punishment

Which of the following is not an important step to developing an assertive communication style?

Purchase a self-help book on assertiveness

The __________ effect is the tendency for people to behave in accordance with others' expectations.

Pygmalion

An employer offers her employee a raise if he will agree to sex with her. This is an example of which type of sexual harassment?

Quid pro quo

Sexually Transmitted Diseases:

Range from being fairly harmless to being lethal

The system of therapy developed by Albert Ellis is called:

Rational-emotive behavior therapy

Personality, preexisting attitudes, and expectations are all considered:

Receiver factors

In a married couple, the husband decides that he wants to pursue world-wide travel on his own and asks his wife for a divorce. This is an example of:

Reduced premium on permanence

A man practices introducing himself to others with his therapist in session. This is called:

Rehearsal

Longer periods of courtship are ________ marital success.

Related to higher probability of

Positivity, assurances, and sharing tasks are all important factors in:

Relationship maintenance

The context of interpersonal communication, or environment in which communication takes place, includes the following components:

Relationship, history, and mood

Which of the following is true?

Relaxation techniques may be as effective as meditation

Overall, women's wages:

Remain lower then men's wage

After a client experiences a particularly painful session in which he talks about the death of his mother, he cancels several sessions and arrives late several times. This is an example of:

Resistance

Although the idiographic approach to studying personality might give a very rich and detailed accounting of a person's life, the findings are often based on post-hoc explanations of events that have already occurred. This makes the findings difficult to contest. This is a problem for which principle of critical thinking?

Ruling out rival hypotheses

antidepressant medication

SSRIs, MAOIs, Tricyclics

PTSD

Sam has recently returned from a tour of duty overseas. While he was stationed abroad, he saw a fair share of combat, including the death of three of his fellow platoon-mates. Sam has been having several symptoms since he returned, including sleeplessness, irritability, flashbacks, and a loss of interest in being around his friends and family. Which of the following diagnoses would be most appropriate for Sam's condition

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Sam has recently returned from a tour of duty overseas. While he was stationed abroad, he saw a fair share of combat, including the death of three of his fellow platoon-mates. Sam has been having several symptoms since he returned, including sleeplessness, irritability, flashbacks, and a loss of interest in being around his friends and family. Which of the following diagnoses would be most appropriate for Sam's condition?

Which of the following statements is true?

Selection of a male or female therapist should be based on clients' preferences

When highlighting text, the key is to:

Selectively choose the most important points

What is the term for people's desire for truthful information about themselves?

Self-assessment motive

_____ are seemingly intentional actions that thwart a person's self-interest.

Self-defeating behaviors

You are having a conversation with a friend and he states that his parents divorced when he was 7 years old. This is an example of:

Self-disclosure

An important component of self-regulating behavior is ________ , or the belief about one's ability to perform certain behaviors.

Self-efficacy

_____ is the process of directing and controlling one's behavior.

Self-regulation

Beliefs about the self are called self-concept or ________ .

Self-schemas

What is the term for striving for consistent self-image that matches either positive or negative self-beliefs?

Self-verification motive

The tendency of people to prefer feedback about themselves that is consistent with their currently held self-schemas is called:

Self-verification theory

Which of the following is considered a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?

Sertraline

Which of the following was an important legacy of Kubler-Ross' work on dying?

She helped to expose the taboo about discussing death and dying

If you take an occupational interest inventory, you:

Should consider the information and make a decision for yourself

According to the authors, ________ is one of the most influential personality theorists in all of psychology

Sigmund Freud

Marlon has been a professional singer for several years, but recently he has developed a fear of doing something on stage that would cause him intense embarrassment or humiliation. His symptoms have gotten so severe that he has been considering canceling his current schedule of concerts so that he doesn't have to face his difficulties. Marlon might be best diagnosed with

Social Phobia.

Pressure

Social _____________ refers to real or imagined psychological forces that people exert over others through their example, judgments, or demands.

A teen is excited about the new car his parents bought him until he learns that a friend just bought a much more expensive car. He then feels down about himself. This is an example of:

Social comparison theory

A father teaches his son how to mow the lawn and make minor repairs around the house. This is an example of:

Socialization

Which of the following is a disorder that takes the form of a bodily ailment that has no physical cause?

Somatoform

Informational

Some of the participants in Asch's conformity study claimed that they conformed because they were sure that the others had the correct answer. What type of social influence were they under?

Informational

Some of the participants in Aschs conformity study claimed that they conformed because they were sure that the others had the correct answer. What type of social influence were they under?

Behavioral Expectation

Some students are put into advanced placement (AP) classes, while some students are put into basic classes. Not surprisingly, students who are told that they are expected to excel tend to show better learning and results in their classes. This result is one example of the _____ confirmation.

Behavioral Expectation

Some students are put into advanced placement (AP) classes, while some students are put into basic classes. Not surprisingly, students who are told that they are expected to excel tend to show better learning and results in their classes. This result is one example of the __________ confirmation.

Which criterion would designate a person who never talks to anyone as abnormal?

Statistical rarity

A ________ is a widely held belief that people have certain characteristics because of their group membership.

Stereotype

Short-term side effects of ________ include increased blood pressure and heart rate, increased talkativeness, restlessness, anxiety and panic.

Stimulants

One reason you may be more susceptible to the common cold when you're stressed out is:

Stress may weaken your immune system

Karen is a family therapist who has just arrived at her client family's home to have dinner with them and spend the evening. Her visit is not social, but rather will be an opportunity for her to see how the family interacts with one another. Karen is using which family therapy model?

Structural family therapy

__________, typically pencil-and-paper tests, are the best-known personality instruments

Structured personality tests

The following is an example of a positive correlation:

Students who have higher GPAs in high school have higher GPAs in college

The spectrum of communication style ranges from ________ , in which the speaker defers to others, to ________ , in which the speaker is focused on getting what he or she wants regardless of how it affects other people.

Submissive, aggressive

conversion

Sudden, unexplained blindness, deafness, paralysis, or numbness in a specific body part is a symptom of ___________ disorder

Conversion

Sudden, unexplained blindness, deafness, paralysis, or numbness in a specific body part is a symptom of ___________ disorder.

A __________ is a characteristic of thought or behavior that indicates a potential mental disorder.

Symptom.

Desensitization

Systematic _________ is a very effective treatment for a phobia in which a person learns to pair a state of deep relaxation with exposure to the trigger of their pho0bia. This behavior technique helps replace a learned fear with a more relaxed, adaptive response to the target of the phobia

A client has a fear of elevators. The therapist has the client construct a hierarchy of anxiety related to elevators; teaches the client relaxation; and then the client progressively works through the hierarchy in a relaxed state. This technique is called:

Systematic desensitization

An important aspect of small talk is to:

Talk about topics that others can relate to

Which of the following is not true about changes taking place in the world of work?

Technological changes are slowing down and stabilizing

Which of the following is the title of the book that classifies psychological disorders and lists the symptoms of each diagnosis? a. The American Standard Diagnostic Encyclopedia b. The Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders c. The Stafford Handbook of Psychiatric Diagnosis d. The International Mental Illness Tome

The Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders.

Self-serving

The __________ bias is the tendency for a person to attribute his or her failures to external events and his or her successes to the personal characteristics and skills.

Medical

The __________ model of psychopathology is the concept that psychological abnormalities are diseases that, like biological diseases, have symptoms, causes and cures

medical

The __________ model of psychopathology is the concept that psychological abnormalities are diseases that, like biological diseases, have symptoms, causes and cures

Shared Identity

The ____________ technique encourages compliance by making a person feel that he or she is similar to other people in thought, feeling, and behavior

As a result of a legal proceeding that took place in England in1843, a test was developed that held two criteria for a person to be judged legally insane. Which of the following was one of those criteria?

The accused person did not know that what they were doing was wrong.

cognitive

The basic premise behind the __________ approach is that thought processes contribute to our understanding of reality, and thus treatment would focus on identifying the revising those thought processes.

The tendency of people to be less likely to provide help when no one else is around is called:

The bystander effect

In conducting experimental research, it is important for:

The control group and the experimental group to be similar

One advantage of experimental research designs is:

They can show cause-and-effect relationships

One concern about the use of antidepressants in children and adolescents is:

They may increase suicidal behavior

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Toby has been told over and over again that he is not good at math. His parents told him that neither of them was good at it, so surely he will not do well either. He continues to get very bad marks in math throughout his elementary education. Which of the following terms suggests that his belief of being bad at math eventually made it come true?

________ self-esteem is an ongoing sense of confidence while ________ self-esteem is changeable and refers to how one feels about oneself in the moment.

Trait; state

__________ are considered to be lasting, while __________ are more transient, or temporary.

Traits; states

In schools, teachers:

Treat boys and girls differently

Asperger syndrome is thought to be a childhood disorder that bears a resemblance to autism.

True.

One way to conquer loneliness is to:

Try to make yourself be around more people

Carl Rogers believed that the following is an important component of self-actualization:

Unconditional parental love

Your older sister went to a competitive liberal arts school and graduated with a double major in English and history. She was unable to find a position after graduation and took a job at a local grocery store. This is an example of:

Underemployment

People have a tendency to ________ the risks associated with their own health-impairing habits and ________ the risks associated with others' behaviors.

Underestimate / view realistically

Which of the following is a key tenet of behavior therapy? a. Unhealthy and maladaptive behaviors are learned, so they can be unlearned. b. Behaviors are nothing more than the physical manifestation of our thought processes. c. Pathological behaviors are the unconscious expression of deeply rooted conflicts. d. We all behave in ways that move us toward the process of self-actualization.

Unhealthy and maladaptive behaviors are learned, so they can be unlearned.

In writing a résumé, it is important to:

Use action verbs and incomplete sentences

Which of the following is an example of utilizing memory principles?

Using flash cards to assist with learning vocabulary

The belief that they were the only person who could hear and help that victim.

Using your knowledge of the Bystander Effect, if a person observed an individual having an epileptic seizure, what would make that individual most likely to step in and assist the seizing individual?

What has research found about the nearly universal human desire to be accepted and well-liked by others?

Wanting to be well-liked by others helps us survive by boosting health and reducing vulnerability to illness.

Dispositional

Wendy is walking down the street when she suddenly falls down and lands squarely on her backside. A group of girls standing about 50 feet away start laughing hysterically, telling each other what a klutz that Wendy is. The unsympathetic girls in this group are making a(n) __________ attribution to explain why Wendy fell down.

Loving, warm & sensitive

When a young boy's mother leaves the room, he becomes moderately upset, but is easily soothed when she returns. Based on your knowledge of attachment styles, which of the following is most likely the way the boy's parents act with him?

The inverted-U hypothesis indicates that people perform best:

When arousal levels are at the optimal level

Dispositional

When half of his class earned Ds and Fs on the midterm exam, Professor Bush came back to the next class and delivered a stern lecture about their effort. He accused them of failing to meet their obligations, for being lazy, and for not taking their studies seriously. These were _____ attributions.

When is it possible for self-esteem to be too high?

When narcissism leads to violence

Situational

When their friend Vincent fell, his friends Neil and Michaela ran over to him, helped him pick up his books, and commented, "I didn't know that the floor was so slippery in this part of the hall!" Neil and Michaela have made a _______________ attribution to explain why Vincent fell

Situational

When their friend Vincent fell, his friends Neil and Michaela ran over to him, helped him pick up his books, and commented, I didnt know that the floor was so slippery in this part of the hall! Neil and Michaela have made a _______________ attribution to explain why Vincent fell over.

Antipsychotics

Which of the following biomedical therapies might a person take if they were having symptoms such as hyperactivity, hallucinations and delusions?

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

Which of the following can cause a genetic male to develop female external genitalia?

Nola, who has an insecure-resistant attachment to her father

Which of the following children is most likely to have a temper tantrum when her father leaves the room based on your knowledge of attachment styles?

Behavioral Rehearsal

Which of the following is a component of Social Skills Training that involves the client practicing social techniques in structured role-playing exercises?

modeling

Which of the following is a component of Social Skills Training that involves the client watching socially skilled friends interacting in a social environment?

Paranoid

Which of the following is a type of schizophrenia marked by hallucinations and often accompanied by delusions of persecution (like the belief that people are out to get you)?

paranoid

Which of the following is a type of schizophrenia marked by hallucinations and often accompanied by delusions of persecution (like the belief that people are out to get you)?

The promise of an increased reward or incentive for increased obedience

Which of the following is not one of the conditions that influenced obedience in the Stanley Milgram experiment?

The promise of an increased reward or incentive for increased obedience.

Which of the following is not one of the conditions that influenced obedience in the Stanley Milgram experiment?

Fundamental Attribution Error

While driving down a busy highway, Bella is suddenly cut off by another driver. Very frustrated by this, Bella yells out "You're such a jerk!" Bella's use of a dispositional attribution when she really has no idea why the other driver is behaving this way is an example of the _______________.

Fundamental Attribution Error

While driving down a busy highway, Bella is suddenly cut off by another driver. Very frustrated by this, Bella yells out Youre such a jerk! Bellas use of a dispositional attribution when she really has no idea why the other driver is behaving this way is an example of the _______________.

What is the "paradox of progress?"

While we have made technological advances, the quality of our lives has decreased

The group that utilizes therapy the most is:

White women

wide range of side effects

Why are Tricyclics often not prescribed first when treating Depression?

A student waits until the night before a paper is due to begin work on it. As a result, she:

Will probably experience more stress than if she had started earlier

Two of the four most common responses to communication apprehension are:

Withdrawal and disruption

ou approach your roommate, frustrated with the mess that he left in your apartment. He changes the subject and laughs it off. This is an example of which style of managing conflict?

Withdrawing

The group that may be most vulnerable to shifting gender roles and expectations for the husband and wife in a marriage is:

Women

Your sister is married and has three children. She and her husband both work full time. She is enrolled in a night course in nursing. She and her husband rarely have time to spend together and fight over who will do chores and who will watch the kids when. This is an example of:

Work-family conflict

The following is an example of the statement "when it comes to happiness, everything is relative."

You are excited to buy a new boat, but feel dissatisfied when you see the newer, bigger boat owned by your roommate's family

Mania

__________ is a period of euphoria characterized by elevated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, enhanced energy, and a decreased need for sleep.

Obsessive-compulsive

____________ disorder is an anxiety disorder in which a person has irrational or disturbing thoughts that lead them to perform senseless rituals.

Compliance

______________ is a change in a person's behavior that occurs in response to a direct request.

compliance

______________ is a change in a person's behavior that occurs in response to a direct request.

Self Fullfilling Prophecy

a belief that causes itself to become true.

Prosopagnosia

a condition caused by damage to the ventral region of the temporal lobe in which a person is unable to recognize faces.

Jeff habitually finds women who are dating someone else as the most attractive. His attempts at finding a suitable partner is self-defeating because he is using

a counterproductive strategy on a regular basis.

Cognitive Dissonance

a disconnect between a person's internal attitudes and his or her external behavior.

After being passed up for a promotion and then getting into a heated argument with his son, a man disappears. He shows up two weeks later in another town with no memory of who he is or how he got there. He appears to be suffering from ______.

a dissociative disorder

Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, is uncommon in society, and/or harms their ability to function in daily life may indicate the presence of___________.

a mental disorder

What does complicated mourning imply?

a more severe form of loss that falls outside the range of "normal" bereavement

mania

a period of euphoria characterized by elevated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, enhanced energy, and a decreased need for sleep

Attribution theory

a person understands other people by attributing their behavior either to their internal dispositions or their external situations.

Mentalizing

a person's understanding that his or her behavior and that of others reflects a person's mental states.

Group Think

a phenomenon in which group members' opionons become so uniform that all dissent becomes impossible.

Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE)

a phenomenon in which people make an attribution based on character, even when they know that the behavior is situational.

Bystander Effect

a phenomenon in which the likelihood that a person requiring help receives it from an individual bystander is inversely proportional to the number of bystanders present.

Group Polarization

a phenomenon in which the more members of a group discuss similar opinions, the more extreme their position become.

Behavioral Expectation Confirmation

a phenomenon that enables a person to influence other people to behave in accordance with his or her expectations.

Hedonic Motive

a pleasurable incentive or an attempt to avoid pain that causes us to act in a certain way.

Covariation Principle

a process of attribution in which behavior is observed based on three characteristics: the behavior's distinctiveness, it's consistency, and consensus.

Deindividuation

a process that allows people in a group to relinquish personal responsibility and give themselves over to the group experience.

Social psychologist

a psychologist who studies how the thoughts, emotions, and behavior of individuals influence and are are influenced by interactions between people.

Alice rates herself as above average regarding her ability to do well in school. Her tendency to maintain these positive feelings is called

a self-enhancement motive.

Preexisting schema

a set of ideas or beliefs about others that leads a person to perceive others in a way that conforms with that person's expectations.

Norm of Reciprocity

a socialized norm that involes a person's tendency to desire to return favors.

John has such an intense fear of flying that he has turned down lucrative job offers that involved travelling to other cities and has been unable to join his family for vacations that required air travel . He is probably suffering from ______.

a specific phobia

Antidepressants

a type of medication that works to alleviate the symptoms of mood disorders by altering how certain neurotransmitters are circulated throughout the brain.

Psychoanalysis

a type of psychotherapy that relates closely to Freudian concepts like the influence of the unconscious. It requires patients to talk to a psychiatrist about their lives while the psychiatrist listens, analyzes, and interprets each word

Your textbook points out that the greatest enhancement to self-esteem is probably

acceptance and genuine affection from others.

Worden's (1991) task model suggests that mourning takes which of the following orders?

accepting physical reality of loss; accepting emotional reality of loss; find ways to adjust; forge new bonds

Stan has been seeing a therapist for depression. According to Petit and Joiner, his persistent self-view predicted by self-verification process may

account for treatment setbacks or ongoing dejection.

Fusiform face area

an area of the visual cortex that specifically responds to and recognizes faces.

Dispositional Attribution

an attribution based on a person's personality or characteristics.

Situational Attribution

an attribution based on a person's situation or environment.

Self-efficacy is related to

an individual's commitment to goals.

Donna was late to work because of flooding on the main road to her job. She will probably attribute this to

an unstable external cause

People with __________ personality disorder often demonstrate a complete lack of morality or conscience by the age of 15 years, and they may engage in illegal, manipulative behavior that hurts others or destroys property. This particular disorder is diagnosed in males three to six times as often as females.

antisocial

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are unconscious attempts to minimize feelings of

anxiety

People who see themselves as being similar across different social roles

are better adjusted than those with less integration of self-views.

"Just lie back on the couch, and get comfortable. Try not to let your various worries enter your mind, and just relax. When you feel relaxed, I'd like you to just talk to me. Don't worry if you are saying anything that is good, or right, or important. Just relax and let whatever comes to your mind come right out of your mouth." This statement might be made by a psychoanalyst who is using an exercise called free __________.

association.

A(n) __________ is a claim about the cause of a person's behavior

attribution

Which of the following parenting styles is most related to the highest self-esteem scores for the children?

authoritative

Lance is drinking coffee and checking his email. He is conserving his cognitive attention to be prepared for his quiz this morning. This is an example of

automatic processing

Luanne suffers from alcoholism, and has had this struggle for many years. Her children are terrified that her health is deteriorating from the constant drinking, so they ask her therapist to give her a medication that will make her nauseous every time she drinks. This approach, where a negative or unpleasant result is paired with an undesirable behavior, is called __________ conditioning.

aversive.

Faced with a diagnosis of terminal cancer, Bertha starts to say statements such as "If only this cancer goes away, I promise to be a better person!" As such, Bertha is probably in the ______ stage from Kubler-Ross' model of dying.

bargaining

The tendency to enhance one's image by publicly announcing one's association with those who are successful is called

basking in reflected glory.

Social influence

behavioral control

In _________________, the client engages in role-playing with a therapist to learn and practice new skills.

behavioral rehearsal

A clinician using the __________ approach looks for physical problems as a root cause of psychological disorders, including brain abnormalities, biochemical processes, or hereditary factors.

biological.

The diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5 are based on a(n) ________ approach.

biopsychosocial

Otto Kernberg suggested that _________ develops as a result of intense anger and frustration that comes from living with a cold, unempathetic mother. Despite the influence that this model has had, it has not been supported by adequate research.

borderline personality disorder

Research indicates that self-regulation

can be strengthened so people become less vulnerable to ego depletion.

The __________ effect refers to a person's unconscious mimicry of other people's expressions, behaviors, and voice tones.

chameleon

When she is not at the bar, Jayla preaches to everyone about the dangers of smoking. However, she does smoke an occasional cigarette when she is at the bar with her friends, although at those times she feels somewhat frustrated by her own smoking behavior. Jayla is likely experiencing ________ when she smokes

cognitive dissonance

Tamika met Samantha, who was new to the school. Tamika began to develop a friendship with Samantha and soon they became good friends. Then Tamika learned that Samantha had been a troublemaker at her old school. Tamika liked Samantha but now saw her as a troublemaker. Tamika finally resolved these conflicting emotions by deciding that Samantha should be admired for turning over a new leaf at her new school. This is can be explained by

cognitive dissonance theory.

Bridget has grown up in a culture that puts group goals ahead of personal goals and defining one's identity in terms of the groups one belongs to. She is most likely from a culture that fosters

collectivism

John says, "My friends think I am smart." John is most likely from which culture?

collectivism

Simultaneously suffering from two different mental disorders is called __________.

comorbidity.

Almost all research on self-presentation has been

conducted on first meetings between strangers

The tendency of people to alter their behavior as a result of group pressure is called

conformity.

In class, a psychology professor states that learned helplessness causes persons to make attributions that are internally focused, global in nature, and stable. A student who demonstrates critical thinking would raise his or her hand and remind the professor that

correlation does not equal causation.

Research finds that increases in loneliness are tied to heightened rates of depression in both teenagers and adults, but this does not suggest that the depression is a direct result of loneliness. This is an important consideration for the critical thinking concept of

correlation versus causation.

According to Maslow, a self-actualized person is someone who is

creative and spontaneous.

Shreen is diagnosed with schizophrenia. She believes that she is a powerful person who can save the world. Shreen is experiencing __________.

delusions of grandeur

Self-regulation seems to develop

develop early and remain stable.

Gene is being trained in the ability to give a psychological __________, which means to assign a label for a person's mental disorder assigned by identifying and classifying patterns of behavior.

diagnosis.

The core concepts of humanistic therapy, such as meaning and self-actualization, are

difficult to measure and falsify

At a crowded park, Kayla sees an old man clutching his heart and stumbling. If Kayla assumes that someone else will help the old man, she is experiencing the phenomenon known as

diffusion of responsibility.

Aleta is looking at a stack of applications for the open position she has at her bakery. She called all of the applicants acting as if she was asking an important question about their application. Really, however, she wanted to know who had an accent so she could put those applications in the "no" pile. Aleta just engaged in

discrimination.

The typically negative behaviors an individual displays toward others based on membership to a particular group is referred to as ________; the typically negative attitudes an individual has toward others based on membership to a particular group is referred to as ________.

discrimination; prejudice

Shyteria is a toll-booth operator. At least once every hour she typically has an encounter with a motorist who berates and belittles her because they are upset about traffic, they don't have enough change, or they are just unhappy that day. As a result, when she gets home Shyteria often yells at her roommates and slams cabinet doors closed when she can't find what she wants. She is displaying classic symptoms of

displacement

The best way to avoid groupthink is to encourage ______________ within an organization

dissent

Social psychologist Leon Festinger coined the term cognitive __________ to refer to a disconnect between a person's internal attitudes and his or her external behavior.

dissonance

According to Baumeister, individuals with low self-esteem

don't know themselves well enough to strongly endorse personal attributes on self esteem tests

The ________ technique involves asking for an unreasonably large request before asking for the small request you are hoping to have granted

door-in-the-face

The term __________ refers to a treatment approach that involves multiple dimensions of intervention, including various forms and techniques of psychotherapy, psychoactive medication, and other biological techniques (e.g., psychosurgery, ECT, biofeedback).

eclectic.

People who are highly motivated and very able to understand a persuasive message are likely to be persuaded through the central route, while people who are not tend to be persuaded through the peripheral route. This is the main concept of the __________ model.

elaboration likelihood

The clearest advantages of self-esteem are in the

emotional sphere

Kathleen has little satisfaction from her accomplishments. She could improve her self-esteem by

emphasizing her strengths.

In order to build self-esteem,

examine whether your goals are realistic.

Mark is a firefighter. He will not have much trouble projecting an honest image about his courage using the impression management strategy of

exemplification

_____ refers to the tendency to use similar causal attributions for a wide variety of events in one's life.

explanatory style

An important distinction between wills and living wills is that a living will is especially designed to do which of the following?

express your wishes as to your medical care if you are unable to do so

Jared got a D on his psychology paper. He attributed this to his teacher being a hard grader and disliking him. What does this exemplify?

external attribution

Research into the memories of animals such as mice and rats suggests that they experience infantile amnesia. A psychoanalytic theorist might suggest that this is because these animals have repressed the memories of traumatic events, but the critical thinking principle of _________ suggests that this is rather implausible assertion

extraordinary claims

Raymond Cattell, attempting to transform the first published list of personality descriptors, used a statistical technique called __________, which identifies correlations and common clusters in a larger group. These clusters were used to define Cattell's theory of sixteen personality traits.

factor analysis

The practice of physiognomy, as well as that of phrenology, have been summarily discredited by modern scientific research. As it turns out, the bumps on a person's head and one's facial characteristics give virtually no information about their personality characteristics. This is an important reminder of the importance of the critical thinking principle of

falsifiability.

Grief is to mourning as_________.

feeling is to behavior

An expected loss generally features a sense of________.

forewarning

According to Albert Ellis, our vulnerability to psychological disturbance is a product of the __________ of our irrational beliefs.

frequency and strength

Evelyn is in a particularly bad mood because the promotion that she'd hoped to receive at the bank where she works did not come through. When she gets home, and her children come running up to her with several demands, she yells at them to go in the other room and leave her alone. Evelyn's outburst is explained by the __________ hypothesis.

frustration-aggression

While sitting in the theater watching the latest Iron-Man movie, Michael hears a person behind him talking on his cell phone. "What an inconsiderate jerk that person is," Michael thinks to himself. He does not consider that the telephone call may have been some very serious emergency that required immediate attention. Michael has fallen prey to the ________ error.

fundamental attribution

Leo worries all of the time. He worries about his money, his children, and his dog. His muscles are always tense and sore, he has trouble sleeping, and is constantly physically tense. Leo's symptoms sound most like ______.

generalized anxiety disorder

Taking PCP (commonly known as "angel dust") can cause effects that mimic the symptoms of schizophrenia. Researchers believe that this is because both schizophrenia and PCP act on the neurotransmitter __________.

glutamate

Group brainstorming is less effective than individual brainstorming because

group members may be anxious about being evaluated by others and because of social loafing.

Research into the mere exposure phenomenon finds that simple exposure between two groups of people is not enough to reduce prejudice, but rather __________.

groups working together in a cooperative manner helps reduce prejudice

Keith often hears voices that tell him that he is a very bad person. Although he strains and struggles to "hear" where these voices are coming from, there are in fact no voices to hear. They are originating inside of his mind, and he experiences them as a sensory event. Keith is having a symptom of schizophrenia called a(n ) __________.

hallucination.

Daniel constantly criticizes others. It is likely that he

has low self-esteem.

Which of the following factors is not related to an increased tendency to cooperate with others?

having no concern about damage to your own reputation

Homer makes it a habit to approach people with a positive, supportive outlook. Doing this indicates

he is improving his self-esteem.

When Madge meets new people, she often criticizes their ideas. Madge seems to be

in the circle of low self-esteem and rejection/ setting herself up for rejection/ likely to be oversensitive to rejection herself.

_____ involves putting personal goals ahead of group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group memberships.

individualism

Informational Social Influence

influence exerted by information that others give a person.

Normative Social Influence

influence that draws on a person's desire for others' approval and his or her longing to be part of a group.

jane used a frequent impression management strategy of doing small favors for others at work. She is using the strategy of

ingratiation.

In order to reduce the influence of cults, McGuire demonstrated that the best way is to first introduce reasons why the perspective might be correct and then debunk it in an approach known as the

inoculation effect.

Phyllis got an A on her psychology paper. She attributed this to her careful research and attention to following instructions. What does this exemplify?

internal attribution

Lily is concerned that her roommate Sachie is feeling overwhelmed by being a first-year student at an American university. Sachie often explains her academic difficulties and failures as being due to ________ factors.

internal, global, and stable

people with a pessimistic explanatory style tend to attribute problems to

internal, stable, and global factors

Margaret continued to practice her solo until she was able to perform without mistakes. Her self-efficacy for this activity is based on

interpretation of emotional arousal.

Linda presents a no-nonsense public self at work. She tells her employees they can always leave if they don't like her treatment. Many of her employees do not like her, but this impression management strategy works since jobs are difficult to find right in this field of work. Linda is using the strategy of

intimidation

Which of the following impression management strategies does NOT work by creating a favorable impression?

intimidation

compulsion

is a behavior

obsession

is a thought

Kristine wants to improve her running time. She is most likely to choose a reference group that

is limited to superior rumors, called upward social comparison

As an impression management strategy, supplication

is usually a last resort

Which of the following is NOT true of self-esteem?

it separates specific evaluations in many areas of life

The ________ is the claim that our attributions and behaviors are shaped by a belief that the world is fair and people always get what they deserve

just-world hypothesis

What is the purpose of a defense mechanism from the psychodynamic perspective?

keep unpleasant thoughts and motivations in our unconscious mind

The fact that many American citizens don't vote in the presidential election is often explained by the fact that individuals do not believe that their vote matters. They think that being just one vote in a nation of millions makes them unimportant. In a general way, this is an example of social __________.

loafing

All of the following constitute Frankl's Tragic Triad EXCEPT__________.

loss

In terms of the five-factor model of personality, an individual who is grouchy and difficult to get along with, and who is also stubborn and refuses to try new things, would be described as __________.

low on openness to experience and low on agreeableness

Answering "yes" to questions such as "I worry that others don't like me" and "I have difficulty accepting praise or flattery" is an indication of

low self-esteem.

Cognitive-behavioral therapists would argue that anxiety and mood disorders are largely the result of

maladaptive cognitions.

aversion

medication that will make her nauseous every time she drinks. This approach, where a negative or unpleasant result is paired with an undesirable behavior, is called ___________ therapy

controlled processing/ promotes cognitive flexibility/can lead to self-acceptance and well-being

mindfulness

People suffering from a(n ) __________ disorder regularly experience extreme emotional states.

mood

Compared to people with high self-esteem, the self-views of people with low self-esteem are

more confused and tentative

Compared to high self-esteem people, individuals with low self-esteem are

more likely to distrust their partners' expressions of love and support

__________refers to our eventual decline to death.

mortality

The experimental procedure used to make individuals aware of their own death is called

mortality salience

A concern with the many 12-step approaches that are based on the as Alcoholics Anonymous model in dealing with various problems with living is that

no research evidence exists for the effectiveness of these approaches.

The __________ approach to studying personality is a method of interpreting personality data that is variable-centered and focuses on finding consistent patterns of relationships among individuals' traits.

nomothetic

individuals beliefs about themselves are

not easily changed

When considering negative self-talk, the idea that you are worthless after a breakup is

not logical.

The example of the actions of Lieutenant William Calley at My Lai in the Vietnam War was used by the textbook to demonstrate the dangers of which social psychological concept?

obedience

With regards to coping, people with low self-esteem

often have negative expectations about their performance

When feedback about the self conflicts with a person's central self-conceptions, the person most likely will

often selectively forget it

Jason has developed his concept of possible self, using

past experiences, current behavior, future expectations

A _______ provides counseling, support in spiritual context, wellness programs, as well as group, family, and couples therapy.

pastoral counselor

Which of the following is NOT true of people's observations of their own behavior?

people are usually realistic and objective

Part of the circle of low self-esteem and rejection is because

people with low self-esteem tend to approach others in negative, hurtful ways.

The process through which a person understands and categorizes the behavior of others is called social __________.

perception

There are two alternative pathways to persuading others. One leads us to respond to persuasive arguments on the basis of snap judgments. This is known as the

peripheral route

Barry's friend told him he shouldn't be afraid to ask Cheri for a date to the movies. Barry is developing self-efficacy for asking someone on a date due to

persuasion and encouragement.

Unlike many other psychological disorders, manic episodes may be triggered by

positive life events

The conception of who we might become in the future is called

possible selves

make people attentive to goal-related information and mindful of the need to practice goal-related skills

possible selves

According to the _________ model, cases of dissociative identity disorder arise from a history of severe abuse - physical, sexual, or both - during early childhood.

posttraumatic

Victims of sexual assault may experience strong stress reactions, intense anxiety, and flashbacks to their attacks from environmental cues that remind them of being attacked and helpless. If these become frequent, intense, and debilitating the person may be diagnosed as suffering from

posttraumatic stress disorder.

According to self-verification theory, people

prefer to receive feedback from others that is consistent with their own self-views

There are many different kinds of mental health professionals, each with their own unique types of training and specialties. A mental health professional who is a medical doctor with special training in the treatment of psychological disorders and who can prescribe medications is a __________.

psychiatrist.

Antidepressant, antianxiety, antimanic, and antipsychotic drugs are all forms of __________ medications.

psychoactive.

The __________ therapies are based on the work and theories of Sigmund Freud.

psychodynamic.

Serial killers Ted Bundy and Aileen Wuornos each are prototypical examples of a

psychopathic personality

Myra is presenting herself as polite and friendly. This is her

public self

Social pressure

real or imagined psychological forces that people exert over others through their example, judgments, and demands.

Albert Bandura's notion that people are affected by their environment but can also influence that environment is known as __________.

reciprocal determinism

Omar is walking through the shopping mall with three of his buddies, when all of the sudden they come across a curious scene. Four girls are verbally abusing a fifth girl, and it is clear that a physical altercation is about to occur. Omar stands quietly watching the scene, until two of his friends step in to try to break up the fracas. When they intervene, Omar steps in as well, providing greater assurance that a fight is not going to take place. In this case, Omar's group of friends served as a __________ group for Omar's behavior.

reference

_____ are inferences that people draw about the causes of their own behavior and experiences

self attribution

A multifaceted collection of beliefs about the self is called

self concept

Evaluating the self as a function of the self-concept is called

self esteem

_____ refers to one's overall assessment of one's worth as a person.

self esteem

_____ principles consist of cognitive processes, self-attributions, and explanatory style.

self perception

Robert was asking someone out on a date. He made sure to mention that he had a good job and gets along with people easily. Robert is using the impression management strategy of

self promotion

Beliefs about ourselves that shape social perception and are developed from past experiences are called

self schema

Annabelle was driving along when the car in front of her stopped suddenly. She stomped on the brake and avoided a collision by just a few inches. "Wow, it's a good thing I'm such a good driver," Annabelle thought. Sometime later, Annabelle was in an accident where she rear-ended a different vehicle. She told the officer, "Well, you see, it was dark and the road was wet. It was not possible for me to stop in time!" Annabelle's different responses to her successful or failed attempt to avoid an accident demonstrates the __________.

self-serving bias

The tendency to attribute one's successes to personal factors and one's failures to situational factors is called

self-serving bias.

Tony enjoys 'extreme' skateboarding. He likes to ride in places where he knows it is forbidden, he enjoys doing bigger and bigger tricks, and the risk of getting hurt or even killed only compounds his enjoyment of his sport. He is constantly looking for new ways to push the envelope of skateboarding. Tony would probably be considered to be a(n)

sensation seeker.

Valerie often blames herself when she fails, and attributes her success to good luck. For Valerie to improve her self-esteem, Albert Ellis would tell her to

set her own goals.

Mischel would most likely explain an individual's behavior by focusing on

situational factors.

Zimbardo maintained that the Abu Ghraib fiasco was a product of _________________.

situational forces

A __________ attribution looks at __________ factors, while a __________ attribution looks at __________ factors.

situational; external; dispositional; internal

People who have ______ are afraid of being evaluated in some negative way by others, so they tend to avoid situations that can be embarrassing.

social anxiety disorder

_____ proposes that individuals compare themselves with others in order to assess their abilities and opinions.

social comparison theory

When an individual, who is part of a larger group, chooses to put forth less effort than other group members, ________ occurs

social loafing

Alan's job was recently cut back at work. Alan is feeing a lower sense of self-worth. This relates to his

state self esteem

According to Asch and others, all of the following are social factors that influence conformity EXCEPT

status of the group

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of self-schemas?

strengths but not weaknesses

One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behavior that creates a great deal of emotional discomfort or __________.

subjective distress

The work of Solomon Asch showed how __________, or susceptibility to the opinions of others, can cause people to conform.

suggestibility

a student who begs an instruct for a better grade is using the impression management strategy of

supplication

In Taylor's model, cognitive resources are limited so the mind

takes cognitive shortcuts

Maria resisted the temptation of eating the leftover Halloween candy. However, when the Holiday cookies showed up at work, she found herself unable to resist eating them. Maria's behavior can be explained by

the ego depletion model of self-regulation.

Jason wanted to know how he did on his psychology test. his reference group is most likely

the entire class

Substance Abuse Disorders

the leading Psychological Disorder

The idea that a person may be determined to be sane or insane is an issue that is most relevant to

the legal system

Minority Influence

the power of few people.

A behavioral therapist is most likely to focus on

the present and specific behaviors.

Social perception

the process through which a person understands and categorized the behavior of others.

Which of the following is not one of the conditions that influenced obedience in the Stanley Milgram experiment?

the promise of an increased reward or incentive for increased obedience

Attractiveness Bias

the tendency for a person to rate, physically attractive people as more intelligent competent, sociable, and sensitive than their less attractive counterparts.

Cognitive Therapy

therapy that emphasizes recognizing and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs?

The first thing to do in order to build your self-esteem is

to recognize that you control your self-image.

_____ refers to the ongoing sense of confidence people possess regarding their abilities and characteristics.

trait self esteem

_____ self-esteem is relatively stable and _____ self-esteem is based on the moment.

trait; state

While having psychotherapy with her analyst, Beatrice suddenly got very upset. "You know, Danny, I really hate it when you talk down to me when we are having a conversation. It is very insulting to my intelligence." Strangely, Beatrice often feels that her husband talks down to her as well. This instance of directing her feelings at her husband toward her therapist is an example of __________.

transference.

Electroconvulsive Therapy

treatment involves inducing a cortical seizure which is accompanied by convulsions

Empirically supported treatments refer to

treatments that are effective for specific disorders that are supported by high-quality scientific evidence

most people

try to project an honest image

Palliative care truly is about which of the following?

trying to minimize patients' pain

Miranda is a psychoanalytic theorist who uses this perspective to guide her therapeutic treatment of psychological disorders. As a result, she is most likely to improve her understanding of their

unconscious motivations

A person's responses to a projective test are thought to reflect ____________.

unconscious thoughts and feelings

tardive dyskinesia

within a few weeks Jasmine starts experiencing muscle contractions and 'tics' in her face, tongue, and jaw. This side effect, called __________, can be very serious and suggests that Jasmine's doctor has not yet found the correct medication for this particular individual.

exert their effect very quickly

Benzodiazepines (treatment for anxiety) differ from antidepressants in that they:

________ occurs when people change their behavior in public, but have not changed their internal beliefs or attitudes.

Compliance

Behavior modification applies the principles of ________ to help change behavior

Conditioning

The notion that people suppress memories for many years, later to recall them during therapy, is considered:

Controversial

Which of the following is NOT a category of intentional self-defeating behaviors?

Counterproductive strategies

Which of the following is NOT a motive guiding self-understanding?

Effacement

Which of the following has not been correlated to loneliness?

Ego strength

Rooting

Elizabeth is nursing her newborn daughter, and holds the baby up to her breast. As the breast strokes the child's cheek, the child turns her head toward the breast, finds her mother's nipple, and begins to feed. This is a demonstration of the __________ reflex

The ability to perceive and express emotions, use emotions to facilitate thought, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion is termed:

Emotional intelligence

Experimental research examines:

How manipulation of the independent variable affects a change in the dependent variable

A couple seek out sex therapy because the wife seems to be completely uninterested in sex. This is an example of:

Hypoactive sexual desire

Which statement best fits the humanistic philosophy?

I felt compelled to take psychology.

The following is an example of an irrational thought according to Ellis:

I must be liked by everyone

The following is a good example of a behavior targeted for modification:

I yell at my parents too much

Jamal has a very bad temper. He is notorious for lashing out at his friends when he doesn't get his way. What is dominating Jamal's actions?

Id

The following factor plays a key role in American workers being "stressed out":

More workers employed in service industries

Which of the following is NOT a reason it is difficult to obtain accurate measures of self-esteem?

Most individuals hold unrealistically negative views about themselves.

Which of the following is consistent with the self-defeating behavior?

Most people engage in self-defeating behavior at some time.

__________ is a period of euphoria characterized by elevated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, enhanced energy, and a decreased need for sleep.

Mania.

Stress can cause:

Psychological problems and positive effects

The type of prejudice held by people toward any group perceived to be different is:

Right-wing authoritarianism

In the middle of the 1950s, the advent of psychotropic medications led to what large scale movement in the mental health industry?

The ability of patients in large mental institutions and facilities to be released.

The way workers view their jobs is ________ income.

Strongly related to

Shared Identity

The ____________ technique encourages compliance by making a person feel that he or she is similar to other people in thought, feeling, and behavior.

Which of the following is a reason why self-realization programs may be so successful?

They provide a sense of purpose for some people's lives

In 1954, this drug ushered in the pharmacological revolution in the treatment of serious psychological disorders.

Thorazine

andryogynous

Those who rate themselves equally on both masculine and feminine traits are referred to as ___________.

more likely to seek Psychological treatment

Those with higher education, Women, Those with superior health insurance

One way in which parents typically socialize their children is:

Through encouraging gender appropriate play activities

The following is an example of the regression defense mechanism. An adult doesn't win the cycling race he'd been preparing for and he:

Throws a temper tantrum

According to Freud, why do people develop defense mechanisms?

To protect themselves from painful emotions

The proximodistal rule

What developmental principle describes this pattern of increasing coordination from the center to the outside of the body?

The two assumptions underlying behavior therapies are that behavior is learned and that:

What is learned can be unlearned

An obsession is a thought, while a compulsion is a behavior.

What is the difference between an obsession and compulsion?

catatonic

What type of Schizophrenia is marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity

Catatonic

What type of Schizophrenia is marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity?

moro

When a baby is frightened or startled by a loud noise or by the sensation of falling, she will extend her arms out in a reflexive action. Though the exact purpose of this reaction is not well understood, it is called the ____________ reflex.

Lithium

Which of the following simple salt elements is used as a mood stabilizing drug, often prescribed to people suffering from bipolar disorder?

I scratch your back, so now you own me one.

Which of the following statements is the best summary of the "norm of reciprocity"?

Enlargement of the ventricles

Which physical change to the brain has been noted in those suffering from schizophrenia?

Behavioral therapy

Which type of therapy bases its treatments on the basic principles of learning theory?

Sex; gender

While _________ is a biological phenomenon, _________ is psychological

The most frequently endorsed label for the type of therapy one practices as a psychologist, psychiatrist, or social worker is

eclectic.

Which of the following events may make finding meaning to be especially difficult?

he death of one's child, particularly unjust experiences, if one's life has been disappointing

People compare themselves to others in order to

improve their skills

people used as a gauge in making social comparisons are called

reference group

Social Cognition

refers to underlying processes, such as attention and memory, that make social behavior possible.

impression management

refers to usually conscious efforts by people to influence how others think of them.

women tend to be involved in

relational interdependence, while men tend to be involved in collective interdependence.

Cultural __________ refers to the need to consider the individual characteristics of a culture in which a person with a disorder was raised in order to diagnose and treat the disorder.

relativity.

One symptom of schizophrenia is called a word _______, in which a person's verbalizations are so jumbled that they are virtually impossible to understand.

salad

Prejudice arises from a need to blame other groups for our present misfortunes, according to the

scapegoat hypothesis.

Fred was talking in a crowded hallway with a friend between classes. He suddenly noticed his name being said by someone in the hall. This is an example of

selective attention

According to the humanists, a core motive in human personality development was

self-actualization.

One's belief about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes is called

self-efficacy.

According to research

self-esteem is strongly and consistently related to happiness

Bert claimed that the reason he didn't do well on the psychology test was because he had an important party the night before and didn't get around to studying. Bert is

self-handicapping.

After a failure or setback of some kind the _____ motive becomes active.

self-improvement

A concern for researchers interested in the topic of suicide prevention is that the number of suicides is

underestimated.

One biological explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia is the appearance of enlarged _______, which are fluid-filled structures that cushion and protect the brain.

ventricles

When meeting strangers, most people

want to give them a good impression

According to Robinson, Johnson, and Shields, people were viewed as more genuine and likable who presented themselves

with a mix of self-deprecating and self-promoting comments.

_____ usually have more interdependent self-views than _____.

women;men

phenotype

The physical expression of a genetic code is called a(n) ______________.

Those who are dying sometimes show_______, or a difficulty in breathing

dyspnea

Adherence to medical treatment will be better if:

The physician follows up with the patient after the initial visit

Substance Abuse Disorders

Which of the following is the leading Psychological Disorder?

Which of the following is NOT a key dimension of attributional thinking according to Weiner's model?

task difficulty

The book suggests that criminal profiling can fall victim to

the P.T. Barnum effect.

The fact that height is about 80% attributed to heredity is an example of:

A heritability ratio

Contraception is:

A joint responsibility of the couple

Therapy is typically:

A slow process and consists of hard work

The three main categories of psychotherapy are:

Insight, behavioral, and biomedical

In extreme forms, groupthink can lead to __________.

cults