PSYCH Ch 6

The ____ theory explains that the immediate associations involved in a conditioned taste aversion are a result of adaptation that helps us learn to avoid foods that are potentially harmful.

evolutionary

Which option is the most valid criticism of Watson and Rayner's work with "Little Albert"

It would be unethical by today's research standards.

Which experiment involves the use of classical conditioning?

Knowing that a student fears exams the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes the object of fear to the student

What is the main idea of social learning theory?

Learning though observation. They believe that humans and animals learn by observing others around them by imitating or copying the behaviour.

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ______ learning.

associative

Tabetha has a mental picture of the layout of her house, also called a ________, so when she comes home late at night she can navigate through the rooms without turning on a light.

cognitive map

Jemma wants to teach her son to say thank you. Every time he says thank you, Jemma praises him and gives him a hug. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

continuous

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?

emotion can be a conditioned response

Which of the following is an example of a fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?

knowing you will get to play miniature golf as soon as you collect 10 gold stars for your reward chart

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate is called ______ learning.

latent learning

In Pavlov's classical conditioning, the term conditioned is approximately synonymous with the word ___

learned

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from the experience?

learning

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ________.

model

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?

operant conditioning

In ____ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time the desired behavior is performed.

partial

_______ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities.

primary reinforcer

According to psychologist ____ classical conditioning is effective because of the ability of a person or animal to predict the relationship between UCS and the CS.

rescorla

You begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven, but now when you smell the gross scent of a dirty diaper. This is an example of ____.

stimulus discrimination

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned in between a ________.

two stimuli- a stimulus that did not previously elicit the response and one that naturally elicited the response.

Which of the following is an example of instinct?

A baby seeking food by rooting and suckling

If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior ___.

After seeing a television character for taking violent action against another character.

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Alice notices that her friend Ellen gets extra attention from the teacher when she acts helpless. Alice begins to act helpless as well.

What is the main idea of operant conditioning?

Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments.

Which statement about B.F Skinner is correct?

He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated.

Gus receives a paycheck at the end of every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

fixed interval