Psych.-ch.8 notes

Which theory/hypothesis suggests that strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories, and weak emotional experiences form weak memories?

arousal theory

Encoding information occurs through ________.

automatic processing and effortful processing

Which of the following is a good example of acoustic encoding?

being able to hum the tune to a song even when you can't remember the lyrics

I am trying to learn the names of all 50 states. While I am actively remembering and recalling this information, it is considered ________.

explicit memory

For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a ________, an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event.

flashbulb memory

What is episodic memory?

information about events we have personally experienced

People may not intend to distort facts, but ________.

it can happen in the process of retrieving old memories and combining them with new memories

In order for a memory to go into storage (i.e., long-term memory), it has to pass through three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and ________ memory.

long term

When Benito was five he cut his leg on some glass and needed stiches. Years later, his mother tells him the scar came from being bit by a dog. Now, when people ask about his scar he distinctly remembers the dog biting him. This is an example of the ________.

misinformation effect paradigm

In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________.

rehearsal

Kenethia enjoys knitting. When she begins college, she has less time for knitting and finally stops altogether. After graduation, she wants to knit again, so she practices with her needles until she is good at it again. This is an example of ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system.

relearning

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________.

retrieval

Jason studies Spanish for three years, and then switches to Pashto. When asked to remember Spanish vocabulary he can't, instead he can only remember Pashto vocabulary. This is an example of ________ interference.

retroactive

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding.

semantic

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes?

sensory

According to Baddeley and Hitch, ________.

short-term memory itself has different forms

Which of the following is a good example of visual encoding?

thinking about a dog you want to adopt and having the image of the dog appear in your mind

Elaborative rehearsal involves ________.

thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory

Felipe looks over his presentation, and he notices that some of the words are written in bold and some are written in italic. His ability to remember these differences is an example of ________ encoding.

visual

________ encoding is the encoding of images.

visual