psych exam 2

How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?

Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.

If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior ________.

after seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character

which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories

cerebellum

______ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

cognitive

Tabetha has a mental picture of the layout of her house, also called a ________, so when she comes home late at night she can navigate through the rooms without turning on a light.

cognitive map

during piagets proposed ______ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations. at the same time, they lack the ability to think abstractly

concrete operational

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias.

confirmation

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall?

explicit memories

in ____ reinforcement, the person or animal is not reinforced every time a desired behavior is performed.

partial

______ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness

physical

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

accommodation

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ________.

model

in classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a

neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?

Emotion can be a conditional response

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

assimilation

Illnesses such as diabetes and stomach cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or stomach cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________.

availability heuristic

Jules is participating in the Strange Situation experiment. When his mother returns, he freezes, and then behaves erratically. In fact, he runs away from his mother. What kind of attachment is this?

disorganized

Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________.

extinction

what is the confirmation bias

focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs

Balancing, running, and jumping are examples of _____________ motor skills.

gross

niaz's car breaks down , and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. this exemplifies ______

hindsight bias

Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________.

instincts

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

memory

Anwar is hiking in the woods and he gets lost. He spends several days trying to find his way back to his basecamp, but he has the knowledge to gather wood, start a fire, and keep himself warm at night. He is also able to identify local berries and mushrooms growing that he can eat without being poisoned. Anwar is demonstrating ________ intelligence from the triarchic theory.

practical

gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio