PSYCH FINAL PT. 1
Consciousness
"The thoughts, feelings, and aroused states of which we are aware"
Each neuron in the brain can potentially synapse with up to ____ other neuron(s).
10,000
We spend about _____ of our total sleep time each night in REM sleep.
20%
Children can use most of the grammatical structures of their native language around the age of...
4 yrs
Hedda takes a drug that increases the amount of acetylcholine in her brain. Hedda is most likely taking this drug for which condition?
Alzheimer's disease
Rick is given a medication that makes his neurons more positive in their resting potential. What effect will this most likely have on Rick's nervous system?
He will have more excitation in his nervous system.
Which test is used for emotional intelligence?
MSCEIT
Like Wilhelm Wundt's structuralism, Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory emphasized...
Mental processes
Surveys are often used to test
Predictive hypotheses
As we age, blood flow to the brain declines particularly in the ____.
Prefrontal cortex
What psychological perspective refers to the assumptions about behavior originally conceived by Freud, as modified by his followers?
Psychodynamic
During sleep, if your muscles are extremely relaxed but your brain activity is similar to a waking state, you are most likely in
REM sleep
Researchers use random sampling to obtain a(n)
Representative sample
One of the reasons that your grandfather with Alzheimer's disease has memory problems might be a decreased supply of...
acetylcholine in his brain
Unlike barbiturates, opiate drugs...
act on pain-inhibiting neurotransmitters
When neurotransmitters are being released by a presynaptic neuron into the synapse, it is because ____.
action potentials have occurred in the presynaptic neuron
When the sympathetic nervous system is active, the ____ releases epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream helping to increase respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.
adrenal medulla
People who believe in love at first sight are relying on a(n) ____.
affective heuristic
Recent research has shown that persons with autism spectrum disorders experience abnormal activity in the....
amygdala
Which brain structure is part of the forebrain?
amygdala
A person who has lost the ability to form new declarative memories has...
anterograde amnesia
The refractory period occurs...
between action potentials
Which perspective would most likely describe anxiety as being related to chemicals in the body?
biological
A focus on genetics, chemical imbalances, and brain differences between humans characterizes the...
biological perspective
The evolutionary perspective in psychology is most closely associated with the....
biological perspective
Cocaine primarily exerts its effects by....
blocking the reuptake of dopamin
Adrian recently survived a killer tsunami while vacationing in Thailand. Now, Adrian believes that another tsunami is very likely to occur. As a result, he is selling his Florida beach home and moving to Kansas. Which of the following best explains Adrian's behavior?
Availability heuristic
The central executive model of memory is associated with ____.
Baddeley
Which statement is best classified as pseudopsychology
By visualizing that a cancerous tumor is dying, you can cure yourself of cancer without chemotherapy.
Where does sound get converted into neural impulses?
Cochlear duct
Which psychological perspective is most likely to study memory, problem solving, and decision making?
Cognitive Psychology
What type of memory utilizes knowledge and expectations to fill in the missing details in retrieved memory traces?
Constructive
Dr. O'Neill is interviewing parents about how they discipline their children in an attempt to outline the difference between normal levels of punishment and abuse. Dr. O'Neill is attempting to satisfy which goal of psychology?
Describing behavior
Mnemonic devices are a type of ____.
Elaborative rehearsal strategy
The first African American to earn a doctorate in psychology was
Gilbert Haven Jones
What brain structure is involved in the formation of myelin?
Glia cells
Your understanding of what happens when you go to the dentist's office is an example of a ____.
Script
Any object or event that is perceived by our senses is called a(n)
Stimulus
Which tip is discussed in the textbook for improving your memory?
Use elaborative rehearsal.
Which statement best represents the correct association between theorist and theory
Watson and behaviorism
What is the best example of a pseudopsychological finding
We use only 10% of our brains and therefore, nearly everyone is actually a genius
Which law explains how much louder a tone would need to get before you would notice a difference?
Weber's law
In the U.S., psychological factors influence ____.
both the incidence of drug use and the effects of the drugs on the users
Cognitive psychologists acknowledge that mental processes are not directly observable to the eye, but assert that they...
can be inferred from performance data
Circadian rhythms are ____.
changes in bodily processes that occur on a predictable daily basis
A well-developed and large hippocampus is associated with better...
declarative memory
A person may be prescribed Valium in order to ____ activity.
decrease serotonin
Which progression represents a correct sequence in the sense of hearing?
eardrum, oval window, basilar membrane, hair cells
Your memory of your first date is an example of a(n) ____.
episodic memory
The Ganzfeld procedure is used to determine ____.
extrasensory perception (ESP)
Evolutionary psychology and functionalism are similar in that they both...
focus on the ability of organisms to adapt to their environment
Which structure is a lobe of the cortex?
frontal
What is most likely to interfere with creativity?
functional fixedness
PCP inhibits the neurotransmitter ____, which is involved in the perception of pain, responses to the environment, and memory.
glutamate
The pons is part of the ____
hindbrain
The limited capacity of short-term memory may be due to how neurons in the ____ code and store information.
hippocampus
The wavelength of light determines its ____, and the amplitude of light determines its ____.
hue; brightness
A loss of neurons responsible for producing ____ may be the cause of narcolepsy.
hypocretin
What maintains homeostasis in temperature, thirst, or hunger.
hypothalamus
When research participants use their ____ memory, blood flow changes occur outside the hippocampus.
implicit
When you tie your shoes, you are most likely making use of your...
implicit memory
electromagnetic energy coming from the brighter color is characterized by ____ than the light from the dim color.
taller peaks
The autonomic nervous system involves neurons that controls...
internal organs
the body's electrochemical energy relies upon
ion
Restless leg syndrome may be associated with low levels of ____ in the brain.
iron
The Ponzo illusion occurs when
lines of equal length that lie across converging lines appear to be unequal in length
the hippocampus plays a role in...
memory and stress
The idea that dreams are a way to consolidate what we have learned comes from ____.
memory theory
If you put your favorite food in your mouth but cannot taste it momentarily, it is most likely because the food is on the ____ of the tongue.
middle
A popular meme suggests that since chocolate grows on trees, it must be a fruit and since fruit is good for you, chocolate must be good for you. This illustrates use of a...
natural concept
An action potential is a
neural impulse
The chemical senses are
olfaction and gustation
Feature detection theory states that...
our visual cortex has specialized cells that fire only in response to specific stimuli
Retrograde amnesia is to ____ as anterograde amnesia is to ____.
past; future
The Gestalt principle of good continuation states that we
perceive stimuli that follow each other as being part of an ongoing pattern
The smallest units of sound that are found in a language are called ____.
phonemes
What is an example of the use of implicit memory?
remembering how to knit a sweater
What is the best example of the use of explicit memory?
remembering the name of an old friend
An organized, generalized knowledge structure in long-term memory is a(n) ____.
schema
When you take your next psychology exam, you will draw most heavily from your ____ memory.
semantic
The action potential is directly created when
sodium (Na+) ions flood into the axon
Echoic sensory memory is most like a(n) ____.
sound bit
what does they myelin do?
speeds up neural signals
Neural impulses from touch travel first to the
spinal cord
The optic chiasm is where
the optic nerve from each eye crosses over to the other side of the brain
The occipital lobe regulates...
the sense of touch and temperature
Implicit memory is...
the unconscious use of memory
The refractory period is the....
time during which a neuron is restoring its resting potential after an action potential has been fired
Implicit memory is to ____ as explicit memory is to ____.
unconscious; conscious
Research studies using image-scanning show that ____.
visual images in our minds have many of the spatial properties of the real stimulus
What is the visual processor in the multicomponent theory of working memory?
visuospatial sketch pad
Phonemes are to ____ as morphemes are to ____.
words; cooing
Which correlation coefficient would best fit a finding that as variable A increases, variable B increases almost to the same degree?
+.80
Francisco has a disease that is destroying the myelin on his neurons. What effect will this disease most likely have on Francisco?
His neural signals will slow down.
Excitation causes a postsynaptic cell to....
become more positive in its resting potential
Which of the following is primarily an excitatory neurotransmitter?
glutamate
Martin Seligman is most associated with which school of psychology
positive psychology
What is a good strategy for learning the material in a textbook?
the SQ3R method
When information is received only in the right hemisphere of a split-brain patient, the patient is ....
unable to verbally describe the information
Predictive hypotheses are used to address which two goals of psychology
understanding and predicting
