Psych- learnsmart chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion

The force that moves people to behave, think and feel the way they do is called

Motivation

The ______ hypothalamus is responsible for stimulating eating behavior.

lateral

The Yerkes-Dodson law maintains that humans perform best when they are

moderately aroused.

Emotion is determined by physiological arousal and cognitive labeling in the ______ theory of emotion.

two-factor

Obsession with thinness and self-starvation are characteristics of "Blank" nervosa.

anorexia

Self-determination theory differs from Maslow's hierarchy of needs because it:

asserts that organismic needs do not arise from deficits

Most people diagnosed with ______ are considered overweight or obese.

binge eating disorder

The ______ model argues that positive emotions are adaptive because they help us to build our resources by expanding our attentional focus and encouraging us to "think outside the box."

broaden-and-build

A person who engages in a binge-purge pattern of eating behavior may suffer from "Blank" nervosa.

bulimia

Derek is a wrestler who must maintain a weight of 125 pounds. Unfortunately, Derek likes to eat pizza, fries, and desserts. After he eats too much, Derek will often make himself vomit in an attempt to avoid gaining weight. Derek is showing signs of

bulimia nervosa.

The hormone that helps start the digestion of food is called

cholecystokinin (CCK).

Emotion and motivation are

closely linked

The two-factor theory of emotion suggests that our experience of emotion is determined by:

cognitive labels physiological arousal

In self-determination theory, "Blank" refers to the need to be effective and master the skills needed to produce desired outcomes.

competence

In self-determination theory, the need of ______ involves self-efficacy and mastery.

competence

The set point is partly determined by the amount of "Blank" cells stored in the body.

fat or adipose

According to the facial- "Blank" hypothesis, we feel happier when we smile and sadder when we frown.

feedback

A set-point for happiness is likely the result of ______ factors and personal disposition.

genetic

The parasympathetic nervous system improves the human species likelihood for survival and promotes ______ and ______.

healing relaxation

The sympathetic nervous system causes an increase in which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

heart rate respiration blood pressure

Maslow based his theory of motivation on the assumption that we must satisfy lower needs before we can satisfy higher ones. In other words, humans operate on a ______ of needs.

hierarchy

Young women who develop bulimia nervosa tend to have which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

high, perfectionist standards low levels of self-efficacy

An innate, unlearned biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species is known as a(n):

instinct.

Motivation based on internal factors such as organismic needs (competence, relatedness, autonomy), as well as curiosity, challenge, and fun is known as

intrinsic motivation.

The theory that states there are three basic needs- competence, relatedness, and autonomy- is called the

self-determination theory.

The goal approach concept where an organism pursues important objectives by setting goals and monitoring progress is known as:

self-regulation

Research has found that happiness may be influenced through some genetic factors. A person's base level of happiness when they are not intentionally trying to increase their happiness is called the

set point.

In the autonomic nervous system, the _____ nervous system prepares the body for action.

sympathetic

The Cannon-Bard theory differs from the James-Lange theory in that

the body plays a less central role in reacting to stimuli.

Self-determination theory asserts that:

there are three basic needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness all individuals have the capacity for growth and fulfillment psychological needs are innate

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions are

a perception of one's own changing physiological states.

Fat in the body is stored in "Blank" cells, or fat cells.

adipose or adipocytes

According to the James-Lange theory, emotion occurs "Blank" (before/after) physiological arousal?

after

Which of the following real-life behaviors echo the idea that motivations underlie everyday human behavior?

A young lady attends college in the same town that her boyfriend lives in. A poor man buys a lottery ticket with his remaining savings. A scrawny boy grows up to become an Olympic weightlifter.

Which disorder is characterized by a lack of control over eating and recurrent episodes of eating more food in a short period of time than most people would eat?

Binge eating disorder

"Blank"-"Blank" theory is the proposition that emotion and physiological reactions occur simultaneously.

Blank 1: Cannon Blank 2: Bard

One challenge to maintaining happiness is the "Blank" "Blank" , which describes how life changing events enhance our feelings of happiness only for a short time because we soon adapt to that change.

Blank 1: hedonic Blank 2: treadmill

The "Blank" nervous system calms the body, whereas the "Blank" nervous system prepares the individual for fighting or running away.

Blank 1: parasympathetic or PNS Blank 2: sympathetic or SNS

The process by which an organism pursues important objectives by setting goals and monitoring progress is called "Blank" "Blank".

Blank 1: self Blank 2: regulation

In self-determination theory, what are the three basic organismic needs?

Competence, relatedness, and autonomy

"Blank" rules are sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed.

Display

Which of the following are needs included in Maslow's hierarchy?

Esteem Safety Physiological

True or false: The goals that individuals set for themselves play no role in motivation.

False

True or false: Weight which is less than 85% of what is considered normal for age and height is a main characteristic of bulimia nervosa.

False

"Blank" are unlearned (innate) patterns of behavior that are assumed to be universal throughout a species and essential for its survival.

Instincts or Instinct

"Blank" motivation is based on internal factors such as organismic needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy), as well as curiosity, challenge, and fun.

Intrinsic

"Blank" is defined as the force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do.

Motivation

A few months ago, Aramus won over a million dollars from the lottery. He was so excited that he vowed never to return to his daily routine of work and bills. Today, Aramus isn't so excited anymore about the money and decided to find a job just to keep himself busy. Aramus has adapted to this life changing lottery winning and his happiness seems to have vanished. Which term below best describes what happened to Aramus?

The hedonic treadmill

Which of the following characteristics explains why bulimia nervosa is difficult to detect?

The individual suffering from bulimia nervosa often falls within a normal weight range.

Which are suggested approaches to enhancing happiness?

Set meaningful goals Keep a gratitude journal

Which of the following is true regarding the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

They evolved to improve humans' likelihood for survival.

True or false: According to the broaden-and-build model of positive emotion, an individual can use positive emotions to see unusual possibilities and think creatively when problem-solving, building resources, or branching out socially.

True

True or false: Happiness is associated with better health outcomes.

True

Which of the following exemplify experiences that lead to positive affect?

Watching your favorite sports team win a game Going on a second date with someone that you like

Which of the following will likely be the cause of a positive affect?

Winning the lottery

Beatrice wants to be happier! What are some things you could recommend that would enhance her happiness?

Work on seeing herself as a positive, good person Set meaningful goals Volunteer at a shelter Engage in physical activity

The _____ states that performance is best under moderate levels of arousal.

Yerkes-Dodson law

Which of the following are related to negative emotions?

death disease heart attack

A "Blank" is the motivational tension, or arousal, that energizes behavior to fulfill a need.

drive

An aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need is known as a(n):

drive

Cholecystokinin (CCK) helps start the digestion of food, travels to the brain through the bloodstream, and signals us to stop "Blank".

eating

"Blank" is a feeling or affect that can involve physiological arousal, conscious experience, and behavioral expression.

emotion

The idea that facial expressions can influence emotions, as well as reflect them, is considered the ______ hypothesis.

facial feedback

If the lateral hypothalamus is destroyed, an animal will show ______ in food.

no interest

Relaxation and healing are both functions of the ______ nervous system.

parasympathetic

Joy, happiness, love, and interest are referred to as "Blank" affect.

positive

When activated, the sympathetic nervous system does which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.)

prepares the individual for fighting or running away causes an increase in blood pressure, blood flow, heart rate, and more rapid breathing provides a rapid reaction to a stressor