Psych of Adolescence

You are talking to a mother of an adolescent who says "My kid is so influenced by his peer group and nothing I've done or will do makes a difference." Which of your responses is best supported by research?

"Actually the family environment has a large impact on what peers your teen chooses to associate with"

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, when asked why it's wrong to cheat on a chemistry exam, adolescents are likely to respond:

"Most people would think it's wrong to cheat on a test"

Dominique wants to spend her summer babysitting money on a new outfit for her first day of high school. She asks her parents, who tend to be authoritarian, if she can use her money in this way. What response is consistent with their parenting style?

"No. We'll decide what you do with your money & let you know."

Adolescent experts consider a _____ -year-old to be in Early Adolescence and a _____ -year-old to be in Late Adolescence.

11; 21

In general, ____ are likely to be MORE religious than ____.

12-year-olds; 21-year olds

n general, ____ are likely to be MORE religious than ____.

12-year-olds; 21-year olds

Researchers have found that ____ tend to be MORE susceptible to peer pressure than ______ during adolescence.

14-year-olds; 10-year-olds

The Age of Adolescence refers to what time period?

1890-1920

In what developmental phase of dating do adolescents experience conflict between their need for intimacy and their need for autonomy?

3

What is the most accurate research based conclusion pertaining to the association between self-esteem and academic success during adolescence?

Academic success increases self-esteem.

Researchers find the LARGEST sex differences in friendship among ____ adolescents.

Asian American

What is an accurate statement regarding the development of autonomy across adolescence?

Authority is increasingly questioned.

Zach is in the college prep track and Dwayne is in the remedial track. Research indicates that:

Dwayne will fall further & further behind Zach in school

To be the most effective at facilitating educational achievement, interventions for low income students should BEGIN in:

Early Childhood

Levels of sex hormones are regulated through the:

HPG axis

An adolescent who is _______is MORE likely to drop out of high school than an adolescent who is _____.

Hispanic; African American

Compared to children, adolescents are MORE likely to say _____ when asked to describe themselves.

I am a real goofball except I'm serious at my after school job.

Thirteen-year-old Mark is going to the movies with his friends. As he gets ready, his mom asks him what movie they will be seeing. Based on research, which is most likely to occur?

Mark will overact because he thinks his mom is invading his privacy.

Which statement about sexual minority adolescents is supported by research?

Migration from same-sex to opposite sex, or vice versa, is more likely to occur for sexual behaviors than for sexual attraction.

Which statement is supported by current research regarding adolescent sexual activity?

Onset of sexual activity is occurring at younger ages than in previous generations.

Adolescents are likely to engage in risky behavior when they think the behavior is:

a matter of personal choice

Research indicates that idealism during adolescence is:

a result of being able to compare what is & what could be

All are typical of adolescent brain development EXCEPT:

absence of synaptic pruning in the prefrontal cortex

Based on Piaget's theory, ___________ is a system of thinking based on formal principles that provides the framework for organizing thinking and is the basis of formal operational thought.

abstract logical reasoning

During adolescence, families tend to have a larger influence on _______ whereas peers tend to have a larger influence on _______ .

achievement; mood

Research supports that adolescents do better in _______ than in ________ .

active learning environments; passive learning environments

Which of the following is supported by research regarding occupational achievement?

adolescents' job choices are largely guided by their work values

Seventeen-year-old Sean has been working & making a lot of money. Based on research, he is likely to:

adopt a high standard of living that will be difficult to sustain as a young adult

Adolescents who have low social maturity, think of themselves as older, & seek adult activities are referred to as:

adultoids

According to the information processing theory:

advances in adolescents' strategies make processing more efficient

What is the best predictor of the age at which adolescents start dating?

age norms within school & peer group

Who is at the highest risk for involvement in antisocial activities during adolescence?

aggressive-rejected

Researchers find that _______ tend to have HIGHER self-esteem during adolescence than _____.

androgynous individuals; feminine females

Seventeen-year-old Mark has a hard time trusting others. He does not form close intimate relationships with others because he thinks that he doesn't need them and they aren't worth the trouble. His views are indicative of which attachment style?

anxious-avoidant

Fourteen-year-old Jack is desperate to form close friendships. He thinks that whenever a peer talks to him that they will become best friends so he makes sure that he is available and tends to follow the peer around. Jack most likely has a(n) _____ attachment style.

anxious-resistant

In general, adolescents who date:

are better adjusted than those who don't date at all

Girls experiencing menarche:

are generally excited with some apprehension

Adolescents with problematic peer relations:

are in a vicious cycle that leads to further social skill deficits

Research indicates that to increase adolescent's engagement in school, teachers should:

assign authentic tasks

Dwayne's arms are growing faster than his legs, and his feet are disproportionate to the rest of his body. The awkwardness Dwayne is experiencing is a result of ____________during puberty.

asynchronicity

Sperm are created ________ and eggs are created ________.

at puberty; prenatally

Adolescents who are high on rejection sensitivity are:

at risk for depression

Alexandra has relatively low self-confidence. She is very passive and tends to depend on her parents to make decisions for her rather than deciding what she wants. She doesn't have very good social skills and she isn't very intellectually curious. This description is most indicative of a _______ parenting style.

authoritarian

The _______ teaching style is associated with _______ .

authoritarian; hostility & dissatisfaction with school

Healthy emotional autonomy is best fostered when parents are _______ .

authoritative

Young adolescents who are high on risky sexual behavior are UNLIKELY to have:

authoritative parents

In early and middle adolescence, adolescents become more ____ with respect to parents, and more ____ with respect to peers.

autonomous; conformist

Adolescents are most likely to experience healthy development when parents encourage:

autonomy & connection

During adolescence, cliques are:

based on similarities & shared interests

Because of brain development during adolescence, adolescents:

become easily stressed

Males acquire reproductive capabilities ___________ they physically appear sexually mature and females acquire reproductive capabilities ___________they physically appear sexually mature.

before; after

Adolescent cognitive advancement:

begins in early & mid adolescence & continues to become more sophisticated

Sally shows hypocrisy when she:

believes that animals' rights should be protected but loves her coat with real fur trim

Which of the following is part of typical adolescent cognitive development

better at viewing issues from multiple perspectives

In general, _______ are likely to have higher self-esteem during adolescence than _______ .

black individuals; white individuals

Which statement is supported by research regarding bullying and victimization?

bullies are often victimized themselves

SOCIAL REDEFINITION involves the idea that:

changes in social roles/status/rights/privileges/responsibilities occur with adolescent transitions

According to selective association, adolescents:

choose friends whose are similar to them

Fifteen-year-old Carlos is most likely to learn social skills in a _______ and develop a sense of identity in a _______ .

clique; crowd

What is an accurate conclusion based on research regarding leisure activities and adolescent development?

close monitoring is important to prevent negative effects

What is an accurate characterization of adolescent social transitions?

confusing & inconsistent

Across adolescence, intelligence is ______ with _____ .

consistent; improvements

What role does ethnicity generally play in crowd membership in multi-ethnic schools?

crowd membership is primarily based on ethnicity

Although 11-year-old Vincent used to think that his dad could do no wrong, he recently began thinking his Dad is almost always wrong and isn't even close to 'perfect' like he thought. Vincent is beginning to show signs of emotional autonomy by demonstrating:

de-idealization of parents

Researchers find that parent-adolescent communication about sex:

decreases involvement in risky sexual behavior

Rose solves a chemistry problem by systematically generating hypotheses, designing ways to test her hypotheses, and testing her hypotheses. She is able to form a necessary conclusion based on a set of givens and is able to recognize missing as well as irrelevant information. She is evidencing:

deductive reasoning

Esther has been rejected by her peers because she is withdrawn and reclusive. It is likely that she evidences high levels of:

depression

In general, what is a characteristic of the parent-adolescent relationship?

despite changes in the relationship, adolescents feel close to their parents

Asynchronicity during puberty refers to:

different growth rates of the body

What statement is supported by research on the family during adolescence?

disequilibrium is normal & inevitable in families with a young adolescent

All of the following are typical of the parent-adolescent relationship EXCEPT:

disrespect for parents

Adolescents tend to think of their fathers as MORE _________ than mothers.

distant authority figures

Research pertaining to post high school activities indicates that adolescents:

do not have necessary job skills right out of high school

Adolescents with a lot of opposite-sex friends, tend to have _____ than other adolescents.

earlier dating relationships

During adolescence, the hippocampus matures _______ for girls than for boys and the amygdala matures _______ for girls than for boys.

earlier; later

The brain generally is considered to be fully mature during:

early adulthood

According to research, which group is accurately paired with the outcome in adulthood?

early boys; responsible & serious

Adolescents are most likely to ask parents for advice pertaining to ____ and peers for advice pertaining to _____.

educational issues; what to do after school

Sleeper effects of divorce refer to the idea that:

effects of divorce may not be immediately evident

To foster adolescents' academic success, research indicates that teachers should:

emphasize how the material is relevant to their lives

Effective sex education for adolescents:

emphasizes safe sexual practices

A sex difference during puberty is that in general females _________ than males.

engage in less physical activity

Researchers studying friendship find that in general, adolescent girls tend to _____ than adolescent boys.

establish intimacy sooner

Erik Erikson believed that ________ is crucial for healthy adolescent development.

establishing a coherent integrative sense of identity

Across adolescence, being of the same ______ becomes more important for clique members

ethnicity

What is a change that occurs in cliques from early to late adolescence?

ethnicity becomes increasingly important

Adolescents tend to emphasize _______ whereas adults tend to emphasize _______ .

extrinsic job rewards; intrinsic job rewards

Who is most likely to engage in volunteer activities?

extroverted adolescents

Which does NOT explain ethnic differences in educational achievement?

feelings of obligation to parents

What is an accurate conclusion regarding intimacy in adolescent males' and females' friendships?

females are more focused on establishing & maintaining intimacy

Which statement is accurate regarding the development of sex characteristics?

females' fertility may be inconsistent/unpredictable for several years after menarche

Sixteen-year-old Mercedes believes that the death penalty is wrong because her parents, friends, and church say so. She has never really thought about the issue, but has accepted this view as her own. What is her identity status?

foreclosure

When asked about his plans to go to college after high school, Bart says, "I've just known for a long time that I will go to college; I've never considered anything else. My mom and dad think it's really important; all of my older brothers and sisters went, so I will too." His response indicates that he is most likely in what identity status?

foreclosure

Of the following, adolescents report having the HIGHEST levels of intimacy with:

friends

Adolescents with sociometric popularity are _______ and adolescents with perceived popularity are _______ .

genuinely well liked; high on social visibility

Research pertaining to the factors that affect the timing of puberty indicates that in general, a _____ would be expected to sexually mature EARLIER than a __________.

girl living with stepbrothers; girl living with biological brothers

In general, _______ are likely to have more difficulty adjusting to remarriage than _______ .

girls; boys

In general, _______ tend to have LOWER self-esteem during adolescence than _______ .

girls; boys

Research indicates that upon high school graduation, most adolescents will:

go to college with a likelihood of dropping out

Research shows that HIGH achieving adolescents typically:

have high confidence in their abilities

John Bender dropped out of high school. What statement is best supported by research?

he engages in a variety of risk behaviors

Mrs. Pulhut uses an authoritarian style of teaching in her 8th grade english classes. What can her students expect of her in the classroom?

high expectations with little guidance

Involvement in extracurricular activities has been found to be associated with:

high risk behaviors for team based athletic activities

Fifteen-year-old Lamar has a strong sense of ethnic identity. He understands and values his culture. His parents have taught him how to deal with racial discrimination and how to be successful in society. Research indicates that based on this information, Lamar is likely to experience:

high self-efficacy

Who is 14-year-old Ben most likely to display a false self to?

his 'crush' Carly

An example of a way that puberty can DIRECTLY cause behavioral/psychological changes is:

hormonal changes cause increased moodiness

During early adolescence, ____________changes primarily contribute to moodiness; in mid-adolescence ___________ changes are the major contributor.

hormonal; environmental

Elana won't eat hamburger or steak because she believes that cows are beautiful creatures that must be protected & should not be exploited. She loves to wear her favorite leather boots and thinks that she looks very stylish in them. Elana's thought processes are evidence of:

hypocrisy

Research pertaining to the impact of the media during adolescence indicates that:

images of drug & alcohol use legitimizes use of these substances

Research on the adolescent brain indicates that it is:

in need of high stimulation

Research indicates that formal operational thought is used ______ across individuals and ______ across situations.

inconsistently; inconsistently

What can parents of a pubertal adolescent expect regarding their relationship with the adolescent?

increased conflict

Research indicates that financial strain due to parental unemployment is associated with:

increased demands for maturity & responsibility for girls

A typical developmental change in self conceptions across adolescence is that:

increased recognition of the actual vs. possible selves

What is a change that occurs in the information processing system during adolescence?

increased working memory capacity

Across adolescence, reliance on peers for support ____ and reliance on parents for support _____.

increases; remains constant

The adolescent peer group has:

increasing influence as young adolescents worry about peers' reactions to academic success

All of the following are characteristics of the development of cognitive autonomy during adolescence, EXCEPT:

increasingly self-serving reasoning that lacks consideration of others

When 10-year-old Carl asks his mom if he can spend the night at a friend's house, his mother responds "If you want to. It sounds like a lot of fun. I can't wait to hear all about it and what you did. Do you need any money? I love you." When 10-year-old Noah asks his mom if he can spend the night at a friend's house, his mom responds "We need to talk about this and I'd like to talk to his parents. Before I can decide I need to know what you will be doing and who else will be there." Carl's mom is evidencing the ______ parenting style and Noah's mom is evidencing the _______ parenting style.

indulgent; authoritative

In general, an adolescent who is exposed to _______ parenting is likely to be _______ .

indulgent; immature & irresponsible

Dr. Brown believes that adolescents can solve problems in more complex ways than younger children because they can selectively as well as simultaneously attend to information, have better working memories, have more organizational strategies, and have more sophisticated metacognition. His view is most consistent with which perspective of cognitive development?

information processing

In middle adolescence, girls tend to pick dating partners primarily based on _____ and boys tend to pick dating partners primarily based on _____.

interpersonal qualities; physical attractiveness

All of the following have been found to be MORE important for boys' involvement in sexual activities than for girls' EXCEPT:

intimacy with sexual partner

Dr. Jones argues that adolescence is primarily a period that has been determined by the broader social environment rather than a biological or cognitive phenomenon. Specifically, she believes that the view of adolescence as a unique developmental period primarily exists because it has been created by society. Her view is consistent with the ___________ perspective.

inventionist

What is a primary cause of concern in friendships for girls during mid-adolescence?

jealousy

Mrs. Mulligan teaches 9th grade chemistry. Her students are apathetic, unproductive, and evidence high levels of misconduct in the classroom. These student characteristics indicate that she most likely uses a(n) _______ teaching style.

laissez-faire

Joe is in mid-adolescence and his parents wonder why he is so moody. According to research, which of the following does NOT adequately explain moodiness during mid-adolescence.

large hormonal changes

Which group feels particularly inferior to the peer group?

late maturing boys

Research indicates that ___________ are likely to be___________ .

late maturing boys; intelligent & creative

Across adolescence, the sibling relationship becomes:

less emotionally intense

Young adolescents tend to have _____ compared to children and older adolescents.

less self-image stability

Sixteen-year-old Jake has asked his parents if he can get an after school job. They are concerned about the negative impact working might have on him. According to research, how many hours should they allow him to work?

less than 10

What is a characteristic of most adolescent jobs?

low adult supervision

Adolescents in the foreclosure phase of identity formation are _______ on exploration and _______ on commitment.

low; high

With the diffusion identity status, individuals have ___ exploration and ___ committment.

low; low

All of the following are secondary sex characteristics EXCEPT:

maturation of the ovaries

Brad is getting better at reflecting upon and monitoring his own cognitive processes. He has been spending more time thinking about his own emotions and thoughts as well as what others are thinking about him, and understands that he can't always control his thoughts. This description specifically indicates advancements in:

metacognition

Crowds peak in importance during:

mid-adolescence

Parent-adolescent conflict is more common for _______ than for _______ .

mid-adolescents; late adolescents

The ability to think from a societal perspective and recognize that views are affected by many different complex aspects is a perspective taking skill that begins to appear in:

middle adolescence

Parent-adolescent conflict is particularly high for:

moms & daughters

The HPG axis:

monitors & adjusts so hormones remain at optimal levels

In which identity status are individuals focused on acquiring information about the self with an open mind?

moratorium

Jack has been questioning his religious ideas. He has attended many different types of religious services, read many books, had discussions with people with different religious backgrounds, and engaged in practices of several different religions. However, he has not yet committed to any particular religion. Jack is in the _______ status of identity formation.

moratorium

Across adolescence, understanding of others becomes:

more differentiated

Research on strategies & processing indicates that adolescents are _________ than younger children.

more flexible

Advances in metacognitive abilities during adolescence lead to:

more introspection

Due to increased intimacy, adolescent friends become:

more knowledgeable about one another

Compared with their counterparts from previous decades, today's adolescents have _______ years of education and learn _________.

more; less

During adolescence, activation in the brain becomes _________ focused and _________ coordinated.

more; more

Adolescents' understanding & use of SARCASM primarily is a result of acquiring ________.

multidimensional thought

For ethnic minority adolescents, a school environment that is _______ is most effective.

multiethnic

Experts argue that programs for promoting adolescent health:

must include changing contexts, such as accessibility to health compromising activities

Which statement about adolescents and perspective taking is supported by research?

mutual role taking is evident in early adolescence

Ethnic minority adolescents with ______ would be likely to be negatively affected by racial discrimination.

negative feelings about own race

Albert always follows the clothing trends his friends start at school. Carl always ignores the trends at school and strictly adheres to his parents' guidelines for dressing. Which adolescent is genuinely behaviorally autonomous?

neither Albert nor Carl

Research indicates that Piaget's stage of formal operational thought is:

never reached by some even into adulthood

Which of the following is NOT true of puberty?

new hormones are produced

Victoria is having problems with her boyfriend and isn't sure what to do. She wants to figure it out on her own so she doesn't talk with her mom about it, although she does talk with her best friend. Victoria is exhibiting what aspects of emotional autonomy?

non-dependency

In general, secondary schools do not foster psychosocial development during adolescence because they tend to emphasize:

obedience

What is considered to be the MOST SERIOUS health threat to adolescents?

obesity

All of the following are consistent with emerging adulthood EXCEPT:

occurs for all individuals

What is an accurate statement regarding what happens in the brain during adolescence?

over creation of synapses

Elkind used the term PSEUDOSTUPIDITY to describe adolescent thought because adolescents:

overanalyze everyday situations which makes it difficult to make decisions

An accurate conclusion regarding having an adolescent in the family is that:

parent development often clashes with adolescent development

The DELAYED PHASE PREFERENCE that occurs during adolescence refers to:

peak of melatonin production being several hours later than in childhood

All of the following are significant changes in peer groups during adolescence except

peer groups get smaller

Kyle engages in aggressive, disruptive behavior. He also is very helpful and cooperative at times with his peers. This behavioral mixed style is typical of adolescents who are _______ among peers.

perceived popular

Tiffany has a very high social presence in her high school. She is viewed as being popular, but not everyone actually likes her. She can be very nice, but she can also be arrogant, stuck-up, and mean. Brenda is shy and gets very nervous around others. She is often the victim of bullying because she is an easy target. Tiffany would mostly likely be classified as ______ and Brenda would most likely be classified as ________ .

perceived popular; withdrawn-rejected

Which type of issue do adolescents think that parents do not have legitimate control over?

personal

In the semi-finals for basketball, Judy missed the last shot that would have won the game for the team. On the way home her father said, "I know just how you feel, something similar happened to me." Judy got upset and said "How could you possibly understand how I feel, nobody can know how I feel right now." Her comment indicates:

personal fable

The best predictor of overall self-esteem during adolescence is self-esteem pertaining to:

physical appearance

Puberty includes the __________ increasing its production of __________.

pituitary gland; gonadotropins

According to internal working models of attachment, individuals with a anxious-resistant attachment style are predisposed to be ____ intimate relationships during adolescence.

preoccupied with

Sue started dating when she was 12-years-old. She is likely to have HIGH:

problem behaviors

Jackie tends to over think the very simple daily problems she encounters and subsequently is unable to make decisions. She appears 'ditzy' and others get very frustrated with her. This description indicates that Jackie is evidencing:

pseudostupidity

Sixteen-year-old Julie is with a group that wants to TP the biology teacher's house for giving them a tough assignment over the weekend. According to research on BEHAVIORAL DECISION THEORY, Julie will:

put heavy emphasis on what her peers will do to her if she doesn't go along

Eighteen-year-old Marsha is trying to decide how to spend the money she got for her high school graduation and her 12-year-old sister Jan is trying to decide how to spend her birthday. While making these decisions, Marsha is MORE likely than Jan to:

recognize her parents' advice of using it to pay for college expenses could be bias because it will help them financially

When making a decision, older adolescents are MORE likely to _______ than younger adolescents.

recognize other's advice may be biased

Which cognitive advancement leads adolescents to question or doubt the reliability of information and makes them skeptical about 'the truth'?

relativism

Which is consistent with research regarding religion during adolescence?

religious adolescents are less prone to depression than less religious adolescents

In general, intelligence _________ and _________ from childhood to adolescence.

remains consistent; increases

Which is accurate regarding risk behaviors and working during adolescence?

risk behaviors are a way to relive stress that occurs because of working

Adolescents are MOST likely to exhibit false-self behavior with their:

romantic partners

Research shows that students generally experience increased _______ with the transition from elementary school to middle or jr. high school.

school-related anxiety

Adolescence began to be viewed a distinct developmental period because of all of the following historical events EXCEPT:

secular trend of puberty

A(n) _____ attachment early in development predisposes adolescents to be _____ intimate relationships.

secure; good at establishing

Which aspect of emotional autonomy develops the LATEST in adolescence?

seeing parents as people

Researchers have concluded adolescents exhibit similar risk behavior as their peer group primarily due to:

selective association

The idea that adolescents are drawn to peers who are similar to themselves is referred to as:

selective association

Mr. Dubois expects Robin to do very poorly in his high school pre-calculus class. Because of his expectations he gives her very little support, encouragement, or guidance. In fact, he quickly dismisses her in class and even says that it's okay that she's not doing well. Her final course grade is a D. This description of his expectations and her actual performance illustrates:

self-fulfilling prophecy

In general,_______ fosters academic motivation during adolescence MORE than _______ .

setting realistic yet high performance standards; setting low easily attainable performance standards

From childhood to late adolescence, the parent-adolescent relationship:

shifts from vertical to horizontal

Research indicates that parents:

should help siblings distinguish themselves from one another

Research indicates that adolescents who regularly volunteer:

show increased commitment to tolerance & diversity

Which characteristic is consistent with adolescent cliques?

small friendship groups

In general, _______ are more effective for adolescents than _______ .

small schools; large schools

According to Sullivan's view of interpersonal development, adolescents need to minimize ____ to develop healthy relationships.

social anxiety

What combination is associated with adolescents having high social status/prestige within the peer group?

social skills & aggressiveness

_____ factors for girls & _____ factors for boys are particularly important for determining sexual activity.

social; biological

_______ is a good explanation for within clique day-to-day behavioral similarities and _______ is a good explanation of within clique similarities on risk behavior.

socialization; selective association

Research supports the idea that EARLY MATURING GIRLS:

stand out among peer group & are not developmentally ready for challenges

Research indicates that physical self-esteem is a _______ predictor of adolescents' overall self-esteem and adolescents say that physical appearance is _______ for how they feel about themselves.

strong; not important

Mr. Jarvis has formed expectations regarding his eighth grade students' performance throughout the school year. Research indicates that:

student performance will be consistent with his expectations

Researchers find that an advantage to tracking is that it:

tailors to students' varying needs & abilities

Research pertaining to ethnicity and parenting indicates that:

the effects of authoritarian parenting depend somewhat on ethnicity

Fourteen-year-old Marcy has been spreading rumors about another girl's involvement in sexual activities to damage her reputation. Research indicates that:

the girls will view this as more hurtful than the boys

Based on research, the most accurate conclusion regarding working and adolescent development is that:

the likelihood of negative effects is higher than the likelihood of positive effects

In general, reactions to puberty are:

the most negative for White girls

Research on the behavioral decision making process indicates that:

the process is evident by mid-adolescence

Adolescents tend to have less difficulties transitioning schools with the 8-4 grade grouping than other groupings (e.g., 6-2-4, 6-3-3, 5-3-4) because:

the transition coincides less with pubertal changes

What is an inaccurate statement regarding the history of secondary education?

there has always been strong agreement regarding the educational goals

Siblings get along better during adolescence if:

they engage in deidentification

In general, adolescent boys are MORE likely than adolescent girls to _____.

think about sexual encounters as recreation

Which is an example of hypothetical thought regarding teen pregnancy?

thinking about what life as a teen parent would really be like

Which is not an empirically supported explanation for why young adolescents have difficulty with the transition from elementary school to middle school or junior high school?

unchallenging curriculum

All of the following are common reasons that adolescents don't use contraception EXCEPT:

unconscious desire to become pregnant

All of the following are considered cognitive advancements during adolescence EXCEPT:

uni-dimensional problem solving

As intimacy increases in friendship across adolescence, there is LESS ____ among friends.

unknowns about one another

Which theory explains the connection between media exposure and adolescent development as adolescents choosing the media to which they are exposed?

uses & gratification approach

The dominant views of intelligence involve the idea that:

various components of intelligence are separate but interrelated

In early adolescence, the parent-adolescent relationship is characterized as a _______ relationship and in late adolescent it is characterized as a _______ relationship.

vertical; horizontal

What is typical of crowds during mid-adolescence?

very important and salient

A primary reason that parent-adolescent conflict is relatively high is that adolescents:

view issues as matters of personal choice but parents view them as moral or conventional

Ms. Banks teaches 7th grade science. Research indicates that she:

views her students as troublesome & untrustworthy

Following divorce, adolescents generally:

want to spend even less time with the family

When considering moral issues, adolescents tend to reason based on:

what most people would consider to be right/wrong

Fifteen-year-old Brandy is in the emo crowd at her school. Research supports the idea that she:

will become less concerned with the membership into late adolescence

Sixteen-year-old Abbey is pregnant by her sixteen-year-old boyfriend Michael. Research indicates that they:

will split up and Abbey will be a single parent

Which group is most likely to be bullied by peers?

withdrawn-rejected

In general, _______ are MORE susceptible to negative peer pressure than _______ .

young adolescents; children