psychological disorders

Avoiding eating in public, speaking up in public, and going to parties is characteristic of _____ anxiety disorder.

social

Gregory is an impoverished African-American teen who finds school stressful but performs at a moderate level academically. He has no relationship with his father but a close relationship with his mother and grandmother. Which factor MOST increases his vulnerability to developing a mental disorder?

socioeconomic status

Qwan often finds himself anxious in social situations. He avoids eye contact with others and regularly dismisses his fears of blushing uncontrollably as shyness. If Qwan were Japanese, he might be suffering from:

taijin-kyofusho.

According to data from Kessler and colleagues, the highest rate of reported mental disorders was in:

the United States.

Neal has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Neal interprets negative stressful events using a pessimistic explanatory style. His explanatory style creates a hopeless depressed state, which then hampers the way Neal thinks and acts, causing more negative stressful events. Neal's depression is MOST likely due to a:

vicious cycle

The _____ model argues that an individual's characteristics interact with environmental events to influence the likelihood of developing a psychological disorder.

vulnerability-stress

Elsa is a 50-year-old teacher who is openly gay. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Elsa's homosexuality:

is not classified as an illness.

According to the _____ model, mental illness needs to be diagnosed based on its symptoms.

medical

Thirty-five-year-old Lucy needs to have blood work. She is so distraught by this that she must mentally prepare herself for it as well as take a short-acting sedative. Lucy seems to be suffering from:

phobia

Tonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system MOST often used in the United States, she should read the _____.

DSM-5

Tonya is interested in studying psychological disorders. If she wants to study the classification system most often used in the United States, she should read the:

DSM-5.

Lynette is released after a four-week stay at a psychiatric hospital. She needs to find an apartment near her job because she cannot afford a car. When she talks to potential landlords, how should she describe herself?

She should not tell them she was in a psychiatric hospital. Many people react negatively to those labeled mentally ill.

Regarding the treatment of schizophrenia, therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are MOST likely to reduce:

hallucinations.

Which characteristic is NOT found for those with antisocial personality disorder?

increased autonomic arousal in unnerving situations

"He is as slow as molasses" might be a good way to describe the energy level for people suffering from _____ disorder.

major depressive

Eeyore, a character in the Winnie the Pooh series by E. E. Milne, speaks slowly, has a pessimistic view, and often does not wish to participate in social activities. These behaviors suggest that the character suffers from _____ disorder.

major depressive

When the brain's danger-detection system becomes too active, the risk for _____ disorder(s) does NOT increase.

major depressive

For the past four weeks, Odessa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. It is MOST likely that Odessa is suffering from:

major depressive disorder.

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This BEST illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of the _____ model.

medical

The significant difference between suicidal behavior and self-injury is:

self-injury is an attempt at coping.

Twenty-year-old Shoshanna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she starts trembling whenever she is in a public place. Shoshanna seems to be suffering from _____ disorder.

social anxiety

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. Asylums have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals, where attempts are made to diagnose and cure people suffering from psychological disorders. This BEST illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of:

the medical model.

Arianna displays very dysfunctional behavior. She is unable to care for herself, cannot dress herself, and has limited understanding of her surroundings. Prior to the reform movement influenced by Philippe Pinel, Arianna's behavior would MOST likely have been considered:

the result of demon possession.

Spencer has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His parents have a difficult time understanding him because his speech is fragmented and bizarre. He jumps from one idea to another, sometimes within sentences, creating a:

word salad

Susan has been diagnosed with panic disorder and refuses to leave her home without her husband. She fears any situation in which she cannot escape or find help when a panic attack would strike. Susan suffers not only from panic disorder but also from:

agoraphobia.

Shantay is a 37-year-old African-American female previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder. She currently appears to be experiencing an episode of mania. Her psychiatrist orders blood work and a brain scan. The imaging is likely to show:

an abnormally high level of activity across the brain.

Kyle is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to their suffering as a result of his actions. His behavior BEST illustrates _____ disorder.

antisocial personality

Mr. James incorrectly believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is demonstrating a false belief called a(n) _____.

delusion

Mr. James incorrectly believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is MOST clearly demonstrating:

delusions.

_____ are characterized by an irrational fear of a specific object or situation.

Phobias

Of the three eating disorders discussed in the textbook, which is the easiest to hide?

bullimeia

Randy has an intense, irrational fear of dogs. Randy might be diagnosed with:

a phobia

Which phrase BEST expresses the proportion of adult Americans who experience a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year?

a substantial minority

Stella has been diagnosed with panic disorder and refuses to leave her home without her husband. She fears any situation in which she cannot escape or find help when a panic attack would strike. Stella suffers not only from panic disorder but also from _____.

agoraphobia.

The term _____ refers to separation of awareness from past feelings, thoughts, and memories.

dissociation

Dr. Phelps believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Phelps believes in a _____ model.

biopsychosocial

The police brought Corinne to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling, "I have the power!" Corinne was also spending large amounts of money across town and was rude and reckless over the last five days. In the emergency room, Corinne would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Corinne is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.

bipolar

Despite the link between creativity and madness in the popular imagination, the only disorder that appears positively related to creativity is:

bipolar disorder

Victor's mother is frustrated because she cannot get Victor involved in any activities. Although he has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, she still expects him to do things around the house. But most days, he sits in a chair with no expression on his face. This type of absence of appropriate behavior reflects the _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

negative

The neurotransmitter _____ is abundant during a manic state and scarce in a depressive state.

norepinephrine

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 2015 was:

4.1.

In one survey, _____ percent of those with social anxiety disorder experienced the disorder after a traumatic event.

58

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from social anxiety disorder in 2015 was:

6.8.

About 1 in _____ of those with schizophrenia go on to have a full, enduring recovery.

7

New diagnostic labels in the DSM-5 do not include:

Asperger syndrome.

Of the perspectives on anxiety disorders discussed in the textbook, the _____ perspective is MOST likely to emphasize hypervigilance toward anxiety-related stimuli.

cognitive

People who suffer from _____ disorder are so preoccupied by unwanted repetitive thoughts or actions that they are unable to function in their daily lives.

obsessive-compulsive

Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is MOST symptomatic of _____ disorder.

obsessive-compulsive

Some contemporary psychologists see dissociative disorders as BEST included under the same umbrella as _____ disorder.

posttraumatic stress