Psychology Ch 1

Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study ________.

the mind and behavior

Developmental Psychology

Study of development across a lifespan -physical changes associated with aging, changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, social behavior, etc.

Functionalism

The school of thought that Psychological processes have a function: helping us survive as individuals, adapt as a species

Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?

Wilhelm Wundt

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological theorists, with the earliest theorist listed first.

Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ________ and early childhood experiences.

a person's unconscious

Forensic Psychology

also act as consultants on: child custody cases, sentencing and treatment recommendations eyewitness testimony and children's testimony

Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify?

developmental psychology

Ivan Pavlov

discovered classical conditioning; learning due to association with a previously neutral stimulus

Counseling Psychology

emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes

Humanism

emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.

William James was the ________.

first American psychologist

Social Psychology

focuses on how we interact with and relate to others -includes persuasion, attraction, prejudice, helping, group behavior, etc.

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

forensic

William James

human behavior (thinking, smelling, etc.) enabled our ancestors to live long enough to reproduce

________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.

humanism

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology.

industrial-organizational

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________.

social psychology

Aristotle

-had ideas about how the body and mind work. -He believed the heart is the source of personality

Wilhelm Wundt

-made psychology a science by establishing its 1st laboratory carefully measured observations and experiments

Clinical Psychology

Diagnosis, treatment of psychological disorders Scientific research

Structuralism

Edward Titchener, used introspection (looking inward), to develop the idea that the mind's structure is composed of sensations, images, feelings

Personality Psychology

Focuses on patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique.

Health Psychology

Genetic makeup, patterns of behavior, relationships, psychological stress, and health. How to motivate people to change behavior that contributes to poor health

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________.

biopsychologist

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?

clinical psychology

Naghemeh wants to focus on the emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes of individuals who are considered psychologically healthy. Which area of psychology should she work in?

counseling psychology

Sigmund Frued

developed Psychoanalytic theory: Unconscious, early childhood experiences shape personality and development

B. F. Skinner

developed principles of behavior modification through reinforcement and punishment known as an operant conditioning chamber

Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.

developmental

The empirical method of study is based on ________.

observation

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.

personality

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism

Biological psychologists

study how the structure and function of the nervous system generates behavior -sensory and motor systems -sleep, drug use and abuse -ingestive behavior, etc.

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.

study the function of behavior

Sport psychologists

study the psychological aspects of sport performance: Motivation Performance anxiety Effects of sport on mental and emotional

Which of the following defines hypothesis?

tentative explanation

John B. Watson

the father of behaviorism; shifted psychology's focus from the mind to behavior, advocated behaviorism

Psychology

the scientific study of mind and behavior

Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology?

whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese