Psychology Ch 12 (reading quiz)

Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a ________. A.written record of a person's history, including their actions and qualities B.person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting C.set of instructions to be carried out without deviation D.prescription for psychotropic medicine

A. person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Which statement about groupthink is correct? A.Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus. B.Group members will never agree if there is a minority influence present. C.Group members modify their opinion to go against what they believe is the group consensus. D.Group members will use brainstorming to discover the solution that most group members agree on.

A.Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group. A.Group polarization B.Social facilitation C.Cognitive dissonance D.Social loafing

A.Group polarization

In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgramâ s instructions. A.associate B.confederate C.ally D.union

B.confederate

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments. A.Collectivism B.Moralism C.Situationism D.Dispositionism

D.Dispositionism

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________. A.ethnographies, case studies, archives, and statistics B.society and social interaction, families, ecology, and religion C.prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes D.emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

D.emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study? A.Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. B.Stanley Milgram was driven by political and personal agendas that demonstrated how research can be biased. C.Research is only useful if it can be successfully replicated time and time again. D.When acting in a group, people will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

A.Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

Rhona and Jerome share each other's thoughts and feelings and are prepared to support each other, but they do not feel any real passion toward each other. They have a relationship based on ________ love. A.companionate B.romantic C.consummate D.fatuous

A.companionate

antasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a(n) ________. A.confirmation bias B.availability heuristic C.representativeness bias D.self-fulfilling prophecy

A.confirmation bias

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion? A.getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether B.anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use C.supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking D.anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

A.getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence. A.normative B.informational C.confirmatory D.groupthink

A.normative

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect. A.Zimbardo B.Asch C.Cacioppo D.Milgram

B.Asch

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias? A.Leonard gets good grades in sociology and psychology, so he sends his professors a card thanking them for what good professors they are. B.Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams. C.Leonard gets bad grades in sociology and psychology, so he switches his major to biology because he will like it more. D.Leonard gets a bad grade in his psychology class and a good grade in his sociology class, so he believes he should study harder to prepare for his next psychology exam.

B.Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other and have an active and satisfying sex life, and are each deeply committed to supporting each other. They share ________ love. A.companionate B.consummate C.romantic D.fatuous

B.consummate

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________. A.aggression B.diffusion of responsibility C.cognitive dissonance D.prosocial behavior

B.diffusion of responsibility

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item? A.door-in-the-face strategy B.foot-in-the-door technique C.effort justification strategy D.lowball technique

B.foot-in-the-door technique

During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called ________. A.confirmation bias B.scapegoating C.in-group bias D.effort justification

B.scapegoating

The behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist ________. A.Solomon Asch B.John Cacioppo C.Philip Zimbardo D.Stanley Milgram

C.Philip Zimbardo

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training? A.Simon goes to sleep B.Simon retreats to a corner and mopes C.Simon bites his mother D.Simon's mother gets frustrated with Simon

C.Simon bites his mother

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion? A.supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking B.anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year C.anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use D.encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week

C.anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve. A.equal status B.come-uppance C.just-world D.equipoentiality

C.just-world

Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friendâ s father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation. A.social role B.heuristic C.script D.social norm

C.script

What is a main feature of the jigsaw classroom? A.participants are required to express at least one of their own held biases or prejudices B.people work together toward a superordinate goal that cannot be achieved without cooperation C.students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets D.adults are forced to work together to solve a puzzle but does not know that there are pieces missing

C.students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability setS

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory? A.People are motivated to maximize the benefits of social exchanges, or relationships, and minimize the costs. B.Most people are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits. C.People prefer to have more benefits than costs or to have nearly equal costs and benefits. D.People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love.

D.People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love.

Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has a high level of ________. A.groupthink B.altruism C.infatuation D.reciprocity

D.reciprocity