Psychology Ch 14 Test
According to the social cognitive model, personal, behavioral, and environmental factors shape _____________
personal development
Psychologists study ________ to learn about the feelings, motives, and behavior that set one person apart from another
personality
the patterns of feelings, motives and behavior that set people apart
personality
Eysenck's __________ relates to the personality types identified by Hippocrates
personality dimensions
Hans J. Eysenck devised a system of ___________ in an attempt to better understand personality
personality dimensions
an individual under stress returns to behavior characteristic of an earlier stage of development
regression
Humanistic psychologists are separated from lower animals because they recognize a desire to achieve __________ to reach their full potential
self-actualization
the path to this state requires getting in touch with our genuine feelings and acting on them
self-actualization
Carl Rogers placed great emphasis on the ability to view oneself as an individual
self-concept
a view of oneself as an individual
self-concept
According to ______________, personality is shaped and learning acquired by the interaction of several factors
social cognition theory
The process called ___________ is one in which people learn the socially desirable behaviors of their culture
socialization
focuses on the roles that ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, and culture play in shaping personality and behavior
sociocultural psychology
the _________ incorporates the standards and values of the community and provides us with our moral sense
superego
A ______ is an aspect of personality
trait
Hippocrates, Gordon Allport, and Hans J. Eysenck can all be considered _____ theorists
trait
an aspect of personality that is considered to be relatively stable
trait
The ____________ has been used to study driving habits and political beliefs
trait approach
I am limited in my ability to explain personality because I do not describe or explain inner human experience
John Watson
___________ is the process of adapting to a new or different culture
Acculturation
I conducted a famous experiment known as the Bobo Doll study
Albert Bandura
Social-learning theory, like behaviorism, does not pay enough attention to the role I play in determining individual differences in behavior
Albert Bandura
I embody ideas and images of the experience of all human beings
Archetypes
In my 1948 novel Walden Two, I described a utopian society in which people are happy and content
B.F. Skinner
In the 1930s, I took up Watson's ideas and emphasized the effects of reinforcement on behavior
B.F. Skinner
I am the psychological structure in the mind that represents reason and good sense
Ego
the ideas of Hippocrates bear a certain resemblance to the ideas of the trait theorist ____________
Hans J. Eysenck
according to this scheme, there are physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
What are the five levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Physiological needs, security needs, social needs, esteem needs, self-actualization needs
I send my impulses outward on to other people, seeing my faults in other people
Projection
I am the defense mechanism that uses the self-deception to justify unacceptable behaviors or ideas
Rationalization
___________ is a defense mechanism
Rationalization
I remove anxiety-causing ideas from consciousness by pushing them into the unconscious
Repression
_________ removes anxiety-causing ideas from consciousness
Repression
__________ developed the concept of archetypes
Sigmund Freud
process of adapting to a new or different culture
acculturation
the process of __________ is undergone by people who come to the United States from other countries
acculturation
the founder of ____________ claimed that external forces or influences largely shape people's behavior
behaviorism
a store of human concepts shared by all people across all cultures
collective unconscious
these sorts of people tend to define themselves in terms of the groups to which they belong and often give priority to the goals of their groups
collectivism
People from Asia or Africa tend to be more individualistic in their attitudes and actions
collectivistic
consistency between one's self-concept and one's experience
congruence
methods the ego uses to avoid recognizing ideas or emotions that may cause anxiety
defense mechanism
according to sociocultural psychology, what factors shape personality and behavior
ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, and culture, family, environmental influences
Introverts and _______ are at opposite poles
extroverts
Talkativeness, assertiveness, and activity characterize __________
extroverts
people who tend to be active, self-expressive, and gain energy from other people
extroverts
many psychologists consider these to be the basic factors or dimensions of personality
five-factor model
Carl Rogers, an advocate of _____________, believed that people are basically good and mentally healthy
humanistic psychology
focuses on self-awareness, self-fulfillment, and ethical conduct
humanistic psychology
psychological structure in the mind that represents basic drives such as hunger
id
Western capitalist society fosters this trait or characteristic in people
individualism
Alfred Adler developed the concept of the _______________
inferiority complex
feelings of inadequacy and insecurity
inferiority complex
According to social-learning theorists, ______________ also influence how we act in certain situations
internal variables
_________ tend to look inward rather than to other people for ideas
introverts
people who tend to be imaginative and to look inward
introverts