Psychology Chapter 1

What are the six different types of power? Give an example of each power.

1. Legitimate—the judge in a courtroom 2. Referent—your younger brother wants to be like you 3. Reward—teachers control grades 4. Coercive—a supervisor can fire you 5. Expert—medical doctors have expertise in the medical field 6. Information or persuasion—researchers and scientists are regarded as informed

List and define the parts of the Interpersonal Communication cycle. (remember the diagram?)

1.Context- the realm overall of want the situation or conversation is about, 2. Feedforward- a message that is sent that gives an idea of what is to come, 3.Noise- anything that interferes with your receiving a message as the source intended the message to be received 4.Feedback- messages that are given back to the sender, 5.Source/Sender(encoder)- send messages to the listener/decoder for them to interpret, 6.Listener (encoder)- takes the messages that are given to them and interprets them.

Mindlessness

A lack of conscious awareness of the logic or reasons behind your thoughts or behaviors

Signal-to-Noise Ratio

A measure of the relationship between meaningful information (signal) and interference (noise).

Metamessage

A message that makes reference to another message, such as "Did I make myself clear?" or "That's a lie."

inevitability

A principle of communication holding that communication cannot be avoided; all behavior in an interactional setting is communication

Transactional View

A view of communication as an ongoing process in which all elements are interdependent and influence one another.

Physical noise is: A)External to the speaker and the receiver B)Psychological C)Semantic D)Internal to the speaker and receiver

A)External to the speaker and the receiver

Communication may be: A)Synchronous and asynchronous B)Only asynchronous C)Androgynous D)Synchronous and Androgynous

A)Synchronous and asynchronous

In a linear view of communication, __________. A)the speaker speaks and listener listen B)speaking and listening are simultaneous C)speaker and listener are interdependent D)the speaker is addressing himself

A)the speaker speaks and listener listen

An ambiguous message is a communication that can be interpreted as having only one meaning -True -False

An ambiguous message) -False

Define synchronous and asynchronous communication and give an example of each.

Asynchronous communication doesn't happen in real time for example and e-mail. Synchronous happens in real time for example a face-to-face conversation. Feedback

Which of the following is a major element of interpersonal communication? A)cell phones B)context C)empathy D)clothing

B)context

What type of noise is created by barriers within the sender or receiver and includes impairments such as loss of vision and hearing? A)physical B)physiological C)psychological D)semantic

B)physiological

Which of the following is an encoder? A)listener B)writer C)reader D)audience

B)writer

Saying that communication is irreversible means we ____________. A)need to monitor our commitment messages B)have to choose carefully the messages we wish to withdraw C)cannot withdraw a message D)sometimes need to defend or justify our behavior

C)cannot withdraw a message

When Juan introduces information about messages before he sends the message, it is_________________. A)feedback B)decoding C)feedforward D)psychological noise

C)feedforward

You can hear the growling of the stomach of the student seated next to you. This noise is an example of which kind from where you are seated? A)Psychological B)semantic C)physical D)temporal

C)physical

Cultural Context

Consists of the rules, norms, beliefs, and attitudes of the people communicating that are passed from one generation to another.

Technostress is defined as _____________. A)rude e-mails that require additional time to respond to because the receiver is stressed B)spam e-mails that crash computer systems in the workplace C)fear and concern of older adults about how to use technology D)anxiety over the amount of information and the inability to manage it in the time available

D)anxiety over the amount of information and the inability to manage it in the time available

Context is the environment that ___________. A)is universal throughout all cultures B)includes eight dimensions C)is always nonverbal D)influences the form of communication

D)influences the form of communication

What are the two major benefits of interpersonal communication? A)intellectual and practical B)connection and consciousness C)educational and professional D)personal/social and professional

D)personal/social and professional

______________ is the study of what is morally right and wrong.

Ethics

Feedfoward is when we plan our remarks before we make them. -True -False

Feedforward) -True

Feedforward

Information that is sent before a regular message, telling the listener something about what is to follow; messages that are prefatory to more central messages.

Physiological Noise

Interference within the sender or receiver of a message, such as visual impairments, hearing loss, articulation problems, and memory loss

Interpersonal communication is communication that only takes place between two people with and intimate relationship. -True -False

Interpersonal communication ) -False

A (n) _______________ is a message about another message.

Metamessage

______________ is a state of awareness in which you are conscious of your reasons for thinking or behaving.

Mindfulness

Choice Points

Moments when you have to make a choice about whom you communicate with, what you say, what you don't say, how you phrase what you want to say, and so on

Encoder

Something that takes a message in one form (nerve impulses) and translates it into another form (sound waves)

Context of Communication

The physical, psychological, social, and temporal environment in which communication takes place.

The tag line after your name on your social media site is an example of feedforward. -True -False

The tag line) -True

The temporal or time dimension has to do with where a particular message fits into a sequence of communication events. -True -False

The temporal) -True

Ambiguity

a condition in which a message can be interpreted as having more than one meaning

Information Overload

a condition in which the amount or complexity of information is too great to be dealt with effectively by an individual, group, or organization

Irreversibility

a principal of communication holding that communication cannot be reversed; once something has been communicated it cannot be uncommunicated

Code

a set of symbols used to translate a message from one form to another

Mindfulness

a state of awareness in which you are conscious of the logic and rationality of your behaviors and of the logical connections existing among elements

Communication Accommodation Theory

a theory of communication holding that conversationalists adjust to (or accommodate) the speaking styles of each other

Response

any bit of overt or convert behavior

Stimulus

any external or internal change that impinges on or arouses an organism

Source

any person or thing that creates messages (an individual speaking, writing, or gesturing...)

Receiver

any person or thing that takes in messages (individuals listening/reading a message

Message

any signal or combination of signals that serves as a stimulus for a receiver

Noise

anything that interferes with your receiving a message as the source intended the message to be received

Interpersonal Communication

communication between two persons among a small group of persons and distinguished from public or mass communication; communication of a personal nature and distinguished from interpersonal communication

Synchronous Communication

communication that takes place in real time; sending and receiving take place at the same time (face-to-face communication)

Four dimensions of the context of communication are physical, social-psychological, temporal and _____________.

cultural

Asynchronous Communication

does not take place in real time (e-mail, tweets, or posts on Facebook)

Lisa is a technology teacher at the local college. Colleagues come to her with questions about the technology issues. In the eyes of the colleagues, what type of power does Lisa have?

expert power

Content Messages

focus on the real world, to something external to both speaker and listener

Social-Psychological Context

includes the social distinctions and psychological differences between the individuals (employer v.s. employee

Feedback

information that is given back to the source

Semantic Noise

interference created when the speaker and listener have different meaning systems; such noise can include language or dialectical differences, the use of jargon or overly complex terms, or ambiguous or overly abstract terms whose meanings can be easily misinterpreted

Physical Noise

interference that is external to both speaker and listener and that interferes with the physical transmission of a signal or message

Channel

is the vehicle or medium through which messages signals pass

Persuasion Power

like information power: power that a person has because others see that individual as having significant information and the ability to communicate logically and persuasively

Psychological Noise

mental interference in speaker or listener and includes preconceived ideas, wandering thoughts, biases and prejudices, closed-mindedness, and extreme emotionalism

Relationship Messages

messages that comment on the relationship between the speaker rather than on matters external to them

Unrepeatability

not able to recapture the exact same situation (example can't meet someone again)

Personal Benefits

of the study of interpersonal communication more satisfying conversations=conversations that's comfortable and enjoyable. Close relationships maintained through.

Professional Benefits

of the study of interpersonal communication: very crucial to professional success. Preventing workplace violence and in reducing medical mishaps and improving doctor patient communication

Legitimate Power

power a person possesses because others believe he or she has a right-by virtue of his or her position- to influence or control their behavior

Reward Power

power derived from an individual's ability to give another person what that person wants or to remove what that person wants removed

Coercive Power

power derived from an individual's ability to punish or to remove rewards from another person

Expert Power

power that a person has because others believe the individual to have expertise or special knowledge

Information Power

power that a person has because others see that individual as having significant information and the ability to communicate logically and persuasively

Referent Power

power that a person possesses because others desire to identify with or be like that individual

Physical Context

refers to the room, workplace, or outdoor space in which communication takes place-the tangible or concrete environment

Decoder

something that takes a message in one form (for example, sound waves) and translates it into another form from (nerve impulses) from which meaning can be formulated

Principal of Adjustment

states that interpersonal communication can take place only to the extent that the people talking share the same communication system

Power

the ability to influence or control the behavior of another person; A has power B when A can influence or control B's behavior; an inevitable part of interpersonal relationship

Ethics

the branch of philosophy that deals with the rightness or wrongness of actions; the study of moral values; in communication, the morality of message behavior.

Punctuation of Communication

the breaking up of continuous communication sequences into short sequences with identifiable beginnings and endings or stimuli and responces

Interpersonal Competence

the knowledge of and ability to communicate effectively in interpersonal interactions

Culture

the lifestyle of a group of people; their values, beliefs, artifacts, ways of behaving, and ways of communicating

Effect

the outcome or consequence of an action or behavior; communication is assumed always to have some effect

Code Switching

the practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language in a single conversation.

Interpersonal Communication

the verbal and nonverbal interaction between two independent (sometimes more) people

Temporal Context

time dimension has to do with where a particular message fits into a sequence of communication events