Psychology Chapter 6 Exam Review

The fact that people recognize objects as having a consistent form regardless of how the viewing angle changes illustrates perceptual _____.

constancy

When an extremely tired person is walking toward their parked car after a long day at work, they are more likely to perceive it as being _____ from them.

farther away

If people stare at an object, it does not disappear because their eyes are _____.

moving

The way in which students quickly group the individual letters in this test item into separate words best illustrates the principle of:

proximity

Almost _____ percent of people can become so deeply hypnotized that major surgery can be performed without the use of anesthesia.

10

The hammer, anvil, and _____ are three tiny bones that transmit vibrations to the cochlea.

stirrup

Rules for organizing stimuli into coherent groups were first identified by ________psychologists.

Gestalt

Kiera stayed up way too late last night and her eyes are tired. She closes her eyes, and as she rubs them she notices a white light. This is because:

Kiera's retinal cells are extremely responsive, and the pressure from her hand triggers them.

For some people, taking in certain odors evokes the _____ sensation.

taste

The minute Antonio walks into his mother-in-law's house to visit, he is struck by the strong smell of her perfume. However, after about 10 minutes, he no longer notices the smell. This is probably the result of sensory _____.

adaptation

In a brain surgery that went wrong, Matthew lost a portion of his visual cortex and has blindness in part of his field of vision. This condition is known as _____.

blindsight

Wilson was born deaf. At 3 years of age his parents had the doctor put in a(n) _____ implant so he will be able to hear.

cochlear

Ricardo has been suffering from a lengthy battle with the flu. His ears are painfully plugged with fluid. One morning his right ear pops from all of the pressure and fluid comes out. He screams in pain because the eardrum has punctured. This will result in:

conduction hearing loss

The size of the _____ threshold is greater for heavier objects than for lighter ones. This best illustrates Weber's law.

difference

About 30 percent of the cortex is required for _____ recognition.

facial

According to the Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory, the retina has three types of color receptors. Each of these types is sensitive to one of three colors: red, _____, or blue.

green

In terms of the sensory experience of light, wavelength is to _____ as wave intensity is to brightness.

hue

Talia is 45 years old. She has started to notice that newspaper print is too small for her to read. Talia needs reading glasses because the _____ of her eyes are less able to accommodate.

lenses

Bees can see ultraviolet light, but cannot see the color red. This means that bees cannot see:

low frequency wavelengths.

The brain's circuitry for smell also connects with areas involved in _____.

memory storage

Bart was struck by a 2 x 4 to the back of his head. He is having severe difficulties with his vision because the injury was sustained to his _____ lobe.

occipital

The fact that _____ involve more than the sum of sensations best illustrates the importance of top-down processing.

perceptions

One research study discussed in the text explained how bar patrons who consumed a free sample of vinegar-laced beer preferred the free beer unless they had been told about the addition of vinegar. Their sense of taste had been impacted by their _____.

perceptual set

When people look at a photograph of an adult-child pair and are told that the two individuals are parent and child, the people tend to say the pair looks more alike than people who are told the pair is unrelated. This is most likely due to....?

perceptual set

Judith suffers from painful arthritis. Judith's physician gave her medication to help ease her pain. The medication Judith was given contained water, rather than actual medicine. However, Judith reported that her pain reduced. Judith was given a(n) _____.

placebo

Perceptual sets are the result of _____, which people form to organize and interpret unfamiliar information.

schemas

Professor Page is conducting a study on perceptual _____. She shows her study participants a picture of an adult-child pair. She tells half of the participants that they are looking at a parent and her child. She tells the other half that they are looking at a daycare worker and a child in the daycare center. The group that thinks the pair is related rates them as looking more alike than the group that thinks they are NOT related.

set

Two TSA officers are scanning bags at the airport. One of the officers lets a bag go through, but the other officer yells, "Wait, didn't you see that?" Why one officer saw a weapon and the other did not is best explained by:

signal detection theory

Marleen just delivered her baby prematurely, at 30-weeks gestation. What is the best thing she can do to help her baby thrive?

stimulate her baby daily with hand massage

If a visual image is first presented _____, the chance of a person later recognizing the same briefly presented image is improved.

subliminally

Dennis, a nurse, notes that some parents of asthmatic children respond to very small changes in their children's breathing, and seek care accordingly. However, other parents do not notice the same small changes. This type of difference in reaction to stimuli is best explained by:

the signal detection theory

Perceptions can be influenced, _____, by expectations, the context, emotions and motivation.

top-down

The fact that perception involves more than the sum of sensations best illustrates the importance of _____ processing.

top-down