Psychology chapter 7

Which of the following is true about language development?

All babies go through the same sequence of language development although timing may differ.

_____ believe that parents who give reinforcement will stimulate their child's communication skills.

Behaviorists

Why is it difficult for researchers to know exactly what a 12-month-old is capable of saying?

Caregivers may understand a baby when a stranger (or researcher) cannot.

Jeannie is 12 months old and is participating in a study of language at a research university. Who is most likely to understand Jeannie's utterances?

Cheryl, Jeannie's 29-year-old mother

Dr. Donaldson believes that infants are active learners from birth, through their senses and motor skills. His views MOST closely align with those of:

Jean Piaget.

Two-year-old Sammy takes his father's iPhone and begins pressing the icons on the screen. According to Eleanor Gibson, Sammy has perceived the icons' _____.

affordance

At 1 month of age, Emily realizes that her hand is too big to fit into her mouth. She reacts by sucking just on her thumb. Jean Piaget would describe Emily's behavior as:

a first acquired adaptation.

Ian is 7 months old. If he is a typical baby, his parents can expect him to be able to:

babble

Four-month-old Stannard is starting to say things like "goo-goo-goo" and "da-da-da-da." Stannard's utterances BEST exemplify _____.

babbling

The extended repetition of syllables by infants is referred to as:

babbling

Carmen's 17-month-old daughter has an extensive vocabulary and can create both two- and three-word combinations. The _____ view of language would suggest that Carmen repeated words and reinforced her daughter's attempts at language.

behaviorist

Jean Piaget's first two stages of sensorimotor intelligence involve what he called primary _____ reactions.

circular

One-year-old Danielle watches her sister talk on a cell phone. The next day Danielle holds the cell phone to her ear as if she is using it. Danielle is demonstrating what Jean Piaget called:

deferred imitation.

A cognitive neuroscientist who wishes to examine the growth during infancy of the connections among several brain areas involved in language development is MOST likely to consider a technique called:

diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Stage _____ of sensorimotor intelligence occurs between about 12 and 18 months of age.

five

In general terms, the Gibsons' concept of affordances emphasizes the idea that the individual perceives an object in terms of its:

function or use to the individual.

Word order, prefixes, suffixes, intonation, verb forms, pronouns, negations, prepositions, and articles are parts of a language's:

grammar

Sammie is celebrating his first birthday today. He can say numerous words like da-da, kitty, and fish. Noam Chomsky would say that Sammie is able to do this effortlessly because:

he is equipped with a language acquisition device

Elise is 5 days old. She will most likely prefer hearing:

her mother's language over an unknown language.

Professor Norman frequently uses examples of how computers analyze data to help the class understand how human memory works. Professor Norman evidently is an advocate of:

information processing theory

Research supporting the behaviorist view of language acquisition shows that infants with:

larger vocabularies have more responsive mothers.

Cries, movements, and facial expressions are examples of:

reflexive communication.

Babies probably like listening to lullabies because:

the words often rhyme and are repeated.

Studies conducted testing the effectiveness of such products as Baby Einstein, Brainy Baby, and others in facilitating learning in infants demonstrated that:

these products delayed language development in infants compared to other infants.

Seven-month-old Francisca is attempting to interact with her smiling mother. She is demonstrating an ability that typically first occurs in stage _____ of sensorimotor development.

three

Abby has begun to suck only her thumb rather than her whole hand. It is likely that Abby is in stage _____ of sensorimotor development.

two

Angelo realizes that sucking a pacifier is different from sucking a nipple. Angelo is in stage _____ of sensorimotor intelligence.

two

Janell is 12 months old. If she is a typical baby, her parents can expect her to be able to:

understand and speak some simple words.

The experimental apparatus that gives the illusion of a sudden drop is referred to as a:

visual cliff