Psychology Chapters 1,2,3 & 9

Forebrain

The largest and most complicated region of the brain, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum Contains Cerebral cortex- Higher level processes & Thalamus- Sensory relay

The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.

The mind and mental process that underlie behavior

Functionalist psychologist focus on the function of behavior and___________

The operation and individual parts of the mind

Functionalist psychologist focus on the function of behavior and _______

The operation of the whole mind rather then the individual parts

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ________.

There is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

Phenotype refers to an individual inherited physical traits True or false?

True

Stage theories hold that the sequence of development is ____

Universal

Mary Aubsworth

Wanted to provide a deeper explanation of attachment of children

Who was the first female psychologist

Washburn

Who created a scientific laboratory of Psychology at the university of Leipzig

Wilhelm Wundt

Who was the first American Psychologist

William James

An ______ begins as one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge

Zygote

The Thalamus

a paired grey matter structured of the diencephalon located near the brain

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs nurture debate?

environment and culture

A negative correlation means....

one variable decreases as the other increases

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

genes and biology

Genetic variation

genetic differences between individuals or populations

Limbic system

involved with emotional response and memory

Gape in Myelin sheath are called

Nodes of Ranvier

A ________ is any environment agent- biological, chemical, or physical that causes damage

Teratogen

The organization_______is one of the largest professional groups of psychologist in the world, founded in 1892

The American psychology association

Which choice is an accurate definition of a hypothesis?

A tentative explanation

A(n) ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neuron's cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.

Action potential

The action potential is an ______ phenomenon

All-or-none

Teratogen

An environment agent that causes damage

Which theorist is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development?

Sigmund Freud

dependent vs independent variable

An independent variable is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable. A dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment. Ex: IV amount of water DV size of plant, number of leaves, living or dead

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees cars driving on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

Assimilation

The Occipital Lobe

Associated with visual processing Located at the back of the brain

________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time.

Attrition

This type of parenting style is more frequently observed in wester culture

Authoritative

Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________.

Biopsychologist

Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in an _____ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head

Case study

the two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

Central; peripheral nervous systems

accommodation

Change schemata based on new information

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.

Chromosomes; DNA

Continuous vs. Discontinuous Development

Con- The idea that we develop cumulatively, gradually building on existing skills Dis- Development is the idea that we develop in unique stages

Lateralization

Concept that each hemisphere of the brain is associated with specialized functions

A(n) ________ variable is a factor that affects both variables of interest in research and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.

Confounding

Pons (hindbrain)

Connects the brain and the spinal cord; involved in regulating brain activity during sleep

Cerebellum (Hindbrain)

Controls our balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills and is thought to be important

Motor cortex (frontal lobe)

Strip of cortex involved in planning and coordinating movement

Selective serotonin reuptake are drugs commonly prescribed for

Depression

Theorist who view development as ____ believe that development takes place in unique stages

Discontinuous

In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.

Double-blind

Is often conducted with large numbers if participants and can even be conduced by phone, email o rmail

Surveys

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

Egocentrism

Charles Darwin

Explored the concept in inheritance of traits throughout generations in the theory of evolution through natural selection

Which of the following is NOT part of the feminist psychology

Favoring women over men

Grasping a toy, writing a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of _______ motor skills

Fine

Kohlberg

Focused on an individuals moral development and noted how individuals at different stages of development reasoned in different manners

Jean Piaget

Focused on the cognitive development of children, believed that development occurred in four stages. stages: Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational

Who was the first American to receive a PHD in psychology in the United States

Francis Cecil Sumner

Stages of development Freud

Freud believed that our childhood experiences shape our personalities and behaviors as adults. Stages are: Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital ORAPLG

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.

Sympathetic

Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy's ________ must be ________ and her father's must be Bb.

Genotype:bb

The space between two neurons is called the____

Synapse

Physical development

Growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, health and wellness

________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.

Homeostasis

Which perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans?

Humanism

Reticular formation (Midbrain)

Important in regulating the sleep/wake, arousal, alertness, and motion activity

parietal lobe

Involved in processing various sensory and perceptual information -contains the primary somatosensory cortex

Theory

Is a well developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena

Erik Erikson

Known for his 8-stage theory of Psychosocial Development Psychosocial development theory emphasizes the social rather than sexual nature of our development

Cognitive development

Learning, attention, memory, language, thinking and reasoning

Chromosones

Long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.

Longitudinal

Prefrontal cortex

Responsible for higher-level cognitive functioning

temporal lobe

Right behind the ears, responsible for hearing, memory and emotion

_________ are concepts that are used to help us categorize and interpret information

Schemata

Psychology refers to the _______

Scientific study of the mind and behavior

Assimilation

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Medulla (hindbrain)

the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________.

undergo no changes in strength , speed, or duration