Psychology Chapters 1,2,3 & 9
Forebrain
The largest and most complicated region of the brain, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum Contains Cerebral cortex- Higher level processes & Thalamus- Sensory relay
The cognitive revolution created an impetus for psychologists to focus their attention on better understanding ________.
The mind and mental process that underlie behavior
Functionalist psychologist focus on the function of behavior and___________
The operation and individual parts of the mind
Functionalist psychologist focus on the function of behavior and _______
The operation of the whole mind rather then the individual parts
Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ________.
There is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer
Phenotype refers to an individual inherited physical traits True or false?
True
Stage theories hold that the sequence of development is ____
Universal
Mary Aubsworth
Wanted to provide a deeper explanation of attachment of children
Who was the first female psychologist
Washburn
Who created a scientific laboratory of Psychology at the university of Leipzig
Wilhelm Wundt
Who was the first American Psychologist
William James
An ______ begins as one-cell structure that is created when a sperm and egg merge
Zygote
The Thalamus
a paired grey matter structured of the diencephalon located near the brain
What does nurture refer to in the nature vs nurture debate?
environment and culture
A negative correlation means....
one variable decreases as the other increases
What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?
genes and biology
Genetic variation
genetic differences between individuals or populations
Limbic system
involved with emotional response and memory
Gape in Myelin sheath are called
Nodes of Ranvier
A ________ is any environment agent- biological, chemical, or physical that causes damage
Teratogen
The organization_______is one of the largest professional groups of psychologist in the world, founded in 1892
The American psychology association
Which choice is an accurate definition of a hypothesis?
A tentative explanation
A(n) ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neuron's cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.
Action potential
The action potential is an ______ phenomenon
All-or-none
Teratogen
An environment agent that causes damage
Which theorist is credited with proposing the psychosexual stages of development?
Sigmund Freud
dependent vs independent variable
An independent variable is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable. A dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment. Ex: IV amount of water DV size of plant, number of leaves, living or dead
One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees cars driving on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.
Assimilation
The Occipital Lobe
Associated with visual processing Located at the back of the brain
________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time.
Attrition
This type of parenting style is more frequently observed in wester culture
Authoritative
Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________.
Biopsychologist
Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in an _____ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head
Case study
the two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.
Central; peripheral nervous systems
accommodation
Change schemata based on new information
Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.
Chromosomes; DNA
Continuous vs. Discontinuous Development
Con- The idea that we develop cumulatively, gradually building on existing skills Dis- Development is the idea that we develop in unique stages
Lateralization
Concept that each hemisphere of the brain is associated with specialized functions
A(n) ________ variable is a factor that affects both variables of interest in research and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.
Confounding
Pons (hindbrain)
Connects the brain and the spinal cord; involved in regulating brain activity during sleep
Cerebellum (Hindbrain)
Controls our balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills and is thought to be important
Motor cortex (frontal lobe)
Strip of cortex involved in planning and coordinating movement
Selective serotonin reuptake are drugs commonly prescribed for
Depression
Theorist who view development as ____ believe that development takes place in unique stages
Discontinuous
In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.
Double-blind
Is often conducted with large numbers if participants and can even be conduced by phone, email o rmail
Surveys
Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?
Egocentrism
Charles Darwin
Explored the concept in inheritance of traits throughout generations in the theory of evolution through natural selection
Which of the following is NOT part of the feminist psychology
Favoring women over men
Grasping a toy, writing a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of _______ motor skills
Fine
Kohlberg
Focused on an individuals moral development and noted how individuals at different stages of development reasoned in different manners
Jean Piaget
Focused on the cognitive development of children, believed that development occurred in four stages. stages: Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational
Who was the first American to receive a PHD in psychology in the United States
Francis Cecil Sumner
Stages of development Freud
Freud believed that our childhood experiences shape our personalities and behaviors as adults. Stages are: Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital ORAPLG
The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.
Sympathetic
Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendy's ________ must be ________ and her father's must be Bb.
Genotype:bb
The space between two neurons is called the____
Synapse
Physical development
Growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, health and wellness
________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.
Homeostasis
Which perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans?
Humanism
Reticular formation (Midbrain)
Important in regulating the sleep/wake, arousal, alertness, and motion activity
parietal lobe
Involved in processing various sensory and perceptual information -contains the primary somatosensory cortex
Theory
Is a well developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena
Erik Erikson
Known for his 8-stage theory of Psychosocial Development Psychosocial development theory emphasizes the social rather than sexual nature of our development
Cognitive development
Learning, attention, memory, language, thinking and reasoning
Chromosones
Long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism
A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.
Longitudinal
Prefrontal cortex
Responsible for higher-level cognitive functioning
temporal lobe
Right behind the ears, responsible for hearing, memory and emotion
_________ are concepts that are used to help us categorize and interpret information
Schemata
Psychology refers to the _______
Scientific study of the mind and behavior
Assimilation
interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
Medulla (hindbrain)
the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing
A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________.
undergo no changes in strength , speed, or duration