Psychology EXAM 1-Ch 1&2A s

Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method?

Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates.

If all participants in a study have an equal chance to be assigned to a control condition or experimental condition, the study is using:

random assignment

A systematic, interrelated set of concepts that explains a body of data is called a(n) .

theory

Which perspective within psychology emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans?

Humanism

The best definition of an experiment is

a carefully controlled scientific procedure that determines whether variables manipulated by the experimenter have a causal effect on other variables

Critical thinking involves:

actively applying a set of skills to information in order to understand and evaluate that information.

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

another person's conscience

Lucy wants to study changes in physical attributes, cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in psychology.

developmental

A hypothesis is a:

tentative and testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables.

Which of the following is the BEST example of psychology's goal of describing behavior or mental processes?

Conducting a survey to determine how many people use medications for depression

In _____ research, a researcher measures (without manipulating) two or more variables to find a relationship between them, without determining cause-and-effect.

Correlational

I want to see if a new therapy will increase the planning and length of time working on schoolwork for children who have ADHD. To test if my new therapy is effective, what research design would be most appropriate?

Experimental study

Which of the following is the BEST example of psychology's goal of changing behavior?

Exploring the function of cutting behavior in a teenager's life so the teenager can understand her/his options and makes choices regarding the behavior.

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of

Gestalt psychology

In a naturalistic observation, a researcher would be most likely to do which of the following?

Observe and systematically record behavior in a participant's natural state or habitat

A psychologists thinks that more fights will erupt when alcohol is sold at competitive sporting events than when alcohol is not sold. What type of psychology goal does the previous statement represent?

Prediction

According to William James, what was the true purpose of psychology?

Studying the function of behavior in the world

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?

The process was highly subjective

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?

clinical psychology

The four goals of psychology are to

describe, explain, predict, and change

Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?

favoring women over men

What kind of psychologist would be consulted in a jury selection and witness preparation?

forensic

One goal of psychology is "change." This means:

how to do something differently; that is, increase, reduce, stop, prevent a behavior or mental process.

The empirical method of study is based on

observation of phenomena

Mental Processes are our:

private, internal experiences - thoughts, perceptions, feelings and emotions, memories - that cannot be observed directly.

Psychology refers to the

scientific study of the mind and behavior

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

The major limitation of case studies is:

the inability to generalize the findings from this approach to the larger population

Common pseudo-science characteristics include:

unfalsifiability

Longitudinal research is complicated by high rates of

attrition

Pseudo-psychology can give the appearance of science...

but does not follow the basics of the scientific method to form conclusions.

In an experiment, _____ are manipulated; _____ are measured.

independent variables; dependent variables

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

introspection

The correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship when:

it is closest to 0

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and

the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

In your text, psychology is defined as the

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes