Psychology exam 1
Classical Conditioning
A woman feels sick every time she travels by air. She associates flying with physical illness and, as a result, hates air travel. She also finds it difficult to watch movies with airplanes or read books about airplanes because they make her uncomfortable. This scenario illustrates the learning process of
Bottom-up Processing
Ali is learning how to read Spanish by speaking aloud one letter at a time. Ali is engaging in which of the following?
Sensory Memory
Although ________ is rich and detailed, we lose the information in it quickly unless we use certain strategies that transfer it into other memory systems.
Top-down Processing
Ameliahas been working as a tea taster for approximately 15 years. She visits tea gardens in the country of Bodonia to grade teas according to their quality and taste. While tasting, she uses her prior knowledge to grade the teas. In this scenario, Amelia is most likely engaged in
Observational Learning
An eighth-grade chemistry teacher plays a video in class to demonstrate the process of conducting a basic experiment in chemistry. Her students are required to watch the video attentively, remember all the steps and safety instructions, and reproduce the same experiment independently. Which of the following is best illustrated when the students reproduce the experiment?
The soup
Andrea is the mother of Leo, a six-month-old child. She wants to introduce vegetables in Leo's diet. As Leo is used to having lentil soup as his evening snack, Andrea prepares lentil soup with vegetables in it and makes Leo taste it. He does not like the taste of the soup and refuses to have it. After that day, he refuses to have even plain lentil soup. In this scenario, which of the following acts as the conditioned stimulus?
Multitasking is an example of...
Divided Attention
a fraction of a second to several seconds
How long does information last in sensory memory?
Two Stimuli
In classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between two ...
Load noise
In the experiment with little Albert conducted by Watson and Rayner, ________ was used as an unconditioned response for conditioning Albert to fear a white rat.
sustained attention
Ivan, a musician, rehearses playing the guitar for an upcoming live concert to be held in six months. He practices for three hours daily and pays close attention to the sheet music for the guitar while rehearsing. In this scenario, Ivan's rehearsal illustrates
Absolute Threshold
Michael, a famous musician, is designing a new apartment that will serve as both his residence and his recording studio. Since the music studio shares a wall with his bedroom, Michael wants to be sure that the recording studio is soundproof. This means that Michael wants to be sure that any sound from the studio is well under his ________ while he is in his bedroom.
StageN3
Sleepwalking occurs during ________ of the sleep cycle.
Automatic Processes
States of consciousness that require little attention and do not interfere with other ongoing activities are called
central nervous system
The brain and spinal cord make up the...
Plasticity
The brain's special capacity for change...
peripheral nervous system
The somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system are components of the
Tell your muscles what to do
The somatic nervous system consists of motor nerves, whose function is to
Autonomic Nervous System
The sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system are components of the ______________.
Circadian Rhythm
What best represents the fluctuations of body temperature in a 24-hour day
memory storage
What refers to the retention of information over time and how this information is represented in memory
Insomnia
What sleep disorder involves difficulty falling asleep, waking up during the night, or waking up too early.
Sensation
While walking barefoot on a beach, the physical pain that one experiences when stepping on a jellyfish most accurately exemplifies
Sensory Adaption
You arrive at your friend's apartment for a big party at the end of the college semester. When you first arrive, the music is so loud that it almost hurts your ears. After a couple of hours, even though the music is still as loud, it no longer bothers you or seems loud. This change in your sensations describes the process of
Neural Networks
________ are interconnected groups of nerve cells that integrate sensory input and motor output.
Biological Rythms
________ are periodic physiological fluctuations in the body, such as the rise and fall of hormones and accelerated/ decelerated cycles of brain activity, that can influence behavior.
Extinction
________ in classical conditioning is the weakening of the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent.
Sleep
________ is a natural state of rest for the body and mind that involves the reversible loss of consciousness.
Encoding
________ refers to the process by which information gets into memory storage.
