Psychology Final 2
Which of the following theorists is not a neo-Freudian?
Albert Bandura
Who developed social-cognitive theory?
Albert Bandura
What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.
Which question was central to the marshmallow test?
Can you resist getting a small reward now, in order to get a larger reward later?
______________ is the state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.
Congruence
The _____________________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African-Americans, using images that relate to African-American culture.
Contemporized-Themes
Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Atypical behavior, thoughts, and feelings always mean that a psychological disorder is present.
False
The trait openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________________.
Five Factor Model of Personality
__________________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.
Heritability
Who proposed the locus of control concept?
Julian Rotter
Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?
Karen Horney
Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview, he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max?
Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview.
The ________________ is a self-report test composed of a series of true and false questions, in order to establish an individual's clinical profile.
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the _____________.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
What was the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians in their beliefs?
Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.
Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?
Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.
What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?
Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.
The _____________________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist, in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.
Rorschach
The ___________________ uses images and storytelling that relate to Latinx culture
TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test
Why was Sigmund Freud trained as a medical doctor and not a psychologist?
There was no such thing as a degree in psychology when he received his education.
Both the DSM and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) were developed following World War II.
True
Kim believed he failed his math class because the test was too hard, passed his psychology class because the professor passed every student in his class, and didn't get the internship because the manager didn't like him. Julian Rotter would say that Kim has ________________.
an external locus of control
If parents are too lenient in the ______________ stage, the child might become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts.
anal
Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified?
archetype
What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's second stage of psychosexual development, in which a sense of independence in many tasks develop?
autonomy vs. shame/doubt
Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could ___________________ if used rigidly and compulsively.
become neurotic strategies
Etiology is another word for _____________________.
cause
According to Galen, the __________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.
choleric
Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud's theory of development?
climate of sexual repression
A psychological disorder is a _________________________
condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Alix and her brother Adam witnessed their grandfather having a heart attack.
denial
Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?
denial
For most people, which two of Freud's defense mechanisms are most frequently used (i.e., everyone engages in these two at one time or another)?
denial and rationalization
Taking out one's frustration and anger on someone other than real target is an example of ________________________.
displacement
According to Sheldon, the __________________ personality is anxious, self-conscious, artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and private.
ectomorph
A(an) ____________________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an __________________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes.
external; internal
Initially, Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: _____________________. They later proposed a third dimension.
extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability
What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, in which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of the family?
generativity vs. stagnation
Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ____________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.
id
A(an) _________________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.
inferiority
What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial development, in which an individual assesses and make sense of her life and the meaning of her contributions?
integrity vs. despair
Ingrid is energized by being alone, speaks slowly and softly, and avoids attention. Carl Jung would call her a(an)
introvert
During which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school, friendships, hobbies, and sports?
latency
When Marcus is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. According to Horney, what coping strategy is Marcus using?
moving against people
When Reyna feels anxiety, she clings to her mother and father for affection and reassurance. According to Horney, what coping strategy is Imogene using?
moving toward people
According to Sigmund Freud, a woman who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the _____________ stage of her psychosexual development.
oral
Self-efficacy is ___________________________.
our level of confidence in our own abilities
An archetype is a _____________________.
pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies
Carl Jung referred to the ________________ as the mask we adopt.
persona
Immanuel Kant used the terms persistent, steadfast, and calm to describe a __________________ person.
phlegmatic
Which of the following is not part of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?
reaction formation
After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?
regression
Which of the following were criticisms of the latest DSM revisions were seen in the YouTube video played in class?
secrecy, lack of validity, overreliance on medications
In Carl Jung's view, the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of ______________________ in the second half of life.
seeking positive attention
According to the textbook, which of the following was Alfred Adler's main contribution to personality theory?
suggesting that our birth order shapes personality
In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament?
yellow bile from the liver
__________________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.
Trait
According to the instructor, one of the reasons that women are generally more likely to be diagnosed with psychological disorders is that women are more likely to seek treatment.
True
Raymond Cattell developed the 16 Personality Factors (16PF) assessment, with factors rated on a continuum of low to high scores.
True
Which somewhat opposing points of view did the two guests take on the PBS Newshour report seen in class about the latest edition of the DSM?
clinician versus researcher
What is comorbidity?
co-occurrence of two or more disorders
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test ___________.
in which people are presented with ambiguous images
When Fay feels anxious, she retreats to her closet with a flashlight, using the closet as a private hideaway. According to Horney, what coping strategy is Fay using?
moving away from people
Karen Horney described three coping styles when dealing with anxiety. Which of the following is not one of them?
moving with people
Dr. Grimes conducts a __________________ by requesting that his patient respond to ambiguous stimuli, thus revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires.
projective test
The concept of ___________________ suggests that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs.
selective migration
According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ______________________.
self-actualization
Due to many military service members who have developed Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), more males than females are diagnosed with PTSD in the United States.
False
Sigmund Freud conceived of the Electra complex as a complementary hypothesis to the Oedipus complex.
False; Carl Jung conceived of the Electra complex
Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?
Freudian slip
Who believed that our personality traits are strongly influenced by our genetic inheritance?
Hans and Sybil Eysenck