Psychology Final 2

Which of the following theorists is not a neo-Freudian?

Albert Bandura

Who developed social-cognitive theory?

Albert Bandura

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.

Which question was central to the marshmallow test?

Can you resist getting a small reward now, in order to get a larger reward later?

______________ is the state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.

Congruence

The _____________________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African-Americans, using images that relate to African-American culture.

Contemporized-Themes

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Atypical behavior, thoughts, and feelings always mean that a psychological disorder is present.

False

The trait openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________________.

Five Factor Model of Personality

__________________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.

Heritability

Who proposed the locus of control concept?

Julian Rotter

Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?

Karen Horney

Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview, he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max?

Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview.

The ________________ is a self-report test composed of a series of true and false questions, in order to establish an individual's clinical profile.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the _____________.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

What was the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians in their beliefs?

Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.

Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?

Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?

Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

The _____________________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist, in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.

Rorschach

The ___________________ uses images and storytelling that relate to Latinx culture

TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test

Why was Sigmund Freud trained as a medical doctor and not a psychologist?

There was no such thing as a degree in psychology when he received his education.

Both the DSM and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) were developed following World War II.

True

Kim believed he failed his math class because the test was too hard, passed his psychology class because the professor passed every student in his class, and didn't get the internship because the manager didn't like him. Julian Rotter would say that Kim has ________________.

an external locus of control

If parents are too lenient in the ______________ stage, the child might become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts.

anal

Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified?

archetype

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's second stage of psychosexual development, in which a sense of independence in many tasks develop?

autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could ___________________ if used rigidly and compulsively.

become neurotic strategies

Etiology is another word for _____________________.

cause

According to Galen, the __________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.

choleric

Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud's theory of development?

climate of sexual repression

A psychological disorder is a _________________________

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Alix and her brother Adam witnessed their grandfather having a heart attack.

denial

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

denial

For most people, which two of Freud's defense mechanisms are most frequently used (i.e., everyone engages in these two at one time or another)?

denial and rationalization

Taking out one's frustration and anger on someone other than real target is an example of ________________________.

displacement

According to Sheldon, the __________________ personality is anxious, self-conscious, artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and private.

ectomorph

A(an) ____________________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an __________________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes.

external; internal

Initially, Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: _____________________. They later proposed a third dimension.

extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, in which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of the family?

generativity vs. stagnation

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ____________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.

id

A(an) _________________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.

inferiority

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial development, in which an individual assesses and make sense of her life and the meaning of her contributions?

integrity vs. despair

Ingrid is energized by being alone, speaks slowly and softly, and avoids attention. Carl Jung would call her a(an)

introvert

During which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school, friendships, hobbies, and sports?

latency

When Marcus is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. According to Horney, what coping strategy is Marcus using?

moving against people

When Reyna feels anxiety, she clings to her mother and father for affection and reassurance. According to Horney, what coping strategy is Imogene using?

moving toward people

According to Sigmund Freud, a woman who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the _____________ stage of her psychosexual development.

oral

Self-efficacy is ___________________________.

our level of confidence in our own abilities

An archetype is a _____________________.

pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies

Carl Jung referred to the ________________ as the mask we adopt.

persona

Immanuel Kant used the terms persistent, steadfast, and calm to describe a __________________ person.

phlegmatic

Which of the following is not part of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?

reaction formation

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

regression

Which of the following were criticisms of the latest DSM revisions were seen in the YouTube video played in class?

secrecy, lack of validity, overreliance on medications

In Carl Jung's view, the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of ______________________ in the second half of life.

seeking positive attention

According to the textbook, which of the following was Alfred Adler's main contribution to personality theory?

suggesting that our birth order shapes personality

In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament?

yellow bile from the liver

__________________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.

Trait

According to the instructor, one of the reasons that women are generally more likely to be diagnosed with psychological disorders is that women are more likely to seek treatment.

True

Raymond Cattell developed the 16 Personality Factors (16PF) assessment, with factors rated on a continuum of low to high scores.

True

Which somewhat opposing points of view did the two guests take on the PBS Newshour report seen in class about the latest edition of the DSM?

clinician versus researcher

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two or more disorders

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test ___________.

in which people are presented with ambiguous images

When Fay feels anxious, she retreats to her closet with a flashlight, using the closet as a private hideaway. According to Horney, what coping strategy is Fay using?

moving away from people

Karen Horney described three coping styles when dealing with anxiety. Which of the following is not one of them?

moving with people

Dr. Grimes conducts a __________________ by requesting that his patient respond to ambiguous stimuli, thus revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires.

projective test

The concept of ___________________ suggests that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs.

selective migration

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ______________________.

self-actualization

Due to many military service members who have developed Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), more males than females are diagnosed with PTSD in the United States.

False

Sigmund Freud conceived of the Electra complex as a complementary hypothesis to the Oedipus complex.

False; Carl Jung conceived of the Electra complex

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?

Freudian slip

Who believed that our personality traits are strongly influenced by our genetic inheritance?

Hans and Sybil Eysenck