Psychology Final Study Guide.

What is the development task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychsocial development, in which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of a family?

generativity vs. stagnation

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

genes and biology

Ingrid in energized by being alone, speaks slowly and softly, and avoids attentions. Carl Jung would call her a(n) _____.

introvert

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ____ stage of her psychosexual development.

oral

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?

personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism

________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.

psychosocial

Which of the following in not a part of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory?

reaction formation

Francis takes his six-month-old daughter to daycare. A substitute provider is there, and his daughter begins crying. She clings to her father and hides her face. What does this exemplify?

stranger anxiety

The _______ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual's clinical profile.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory psychosocial development?

an individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan

late maturing boys are _____.

at a higher risk of depression

Early maturing girls are ______.

at a higher risk of depression, substance abuse, and eating disorders

______ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.

attachment

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's second stage of psychosexual development, in which a sense of independence in many tasks develops?

autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Marcy is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive her needs. Marcy reacts to him the same way she reacts to a stranger-she doesn't care if he leaves the room and when he returns she is slow to notice or react. What kind of attachment is this?

avoidant

Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud's theory of development?

climate of sexual repression

Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of _____.

developmental milestones

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of _______ motor skills.

fine

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test _____.

in which people are presented with ambiguous images

A developmental psychologist might use ______ to observe how children behave on a playgound, at a daycare center, or in the child's own home.

naturalistic observation