Psychology Unit 1

Which of the following individuals is also a physician?

psychiatrist

In studying personality, a trait theorist would most likely

use a personality inventory.

Id is to ego as ________ is to ________.

pleasure principle; reality principle

Neo-Freudians such as Adler and Horney believed that

Freud placed too great an emphasis on sexual and aggressive instincts.

Which of Freud's ideas would NOT be accepted by most contemporary psychologists?

Development is essentially fixed in childhood.

Which of the following is the major criticism of the social-cognitive perspective?

It focuses too little on the inner traits of a person.

The text defines personality as

an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are methods of reducing

anxiety

In psychology, behavior is best defined as

any action we can observe and record.

Which perspective emphasizes the learning of observable responses?

behavioral

Research on locus of control indicates that people with a strong internal locus of control are ________ than people with a strong external locus of control.

better able to cope with stress

The way we encode, process, store, and retrieve information is the primary concern of the ________ perspective.

cognitive

According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of scientific psychology should be the study of

conscious experience

The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes the importance of

different approaches in exploring behavior and mental processes.

Humanistic theories of personality

emphasize the growth potential of "healthy" individuals.

Which two dimensions of personality have the Eysencks emphasized?

extraversion-introversion and emotional stability-instability

Which subfield is most directly concerned with studying human behavior in the workplace?

industrial-organizational psychology

What is the correct order of psychosexual stages proposed by Freud?

oral; anal; phallic; latency; genital

A major criticism of trait theory is that it

overestimates the consistency of behavior in different situations

For humanistic psychologists, many of our behaviors and perceptions are ultimately shaped by whether our ________ is ________ or ________.

self-concept; positive; negative

In defining psychology, the text notes that psychology is most accurately described as a

set of findings related to behavior and mental processes.

Dr. Ernst explains behavior in terms of different situations. Dr. Ernst is working from the ________ perspective.

social-cultural

Which of the following places the greatest emphasis on the unconscious mind?

the psychoanalytic perspective

With regard to personality, it appears that

there is little consistency of behavior from one situation to the next but significant consistency of traits over the life span

Projective tests such as the Rorschach inkblot test have been criticized because

they have low reliability and low validity.