Psychology Unit 1
Which of the following individuals is also a physician?
psychiatrist
In studying personality, a trait theorist would most likely
use a personality inventory.
Id is to ego as ________ is to ________.
pleasure principle; reality principle
Neo-Freudians such as Adler and Horney believed that
Freud placed too great an emphasis on sexual and aggressive instincts.
Which of Freud's ideas would NOT be accepted by most contemporary psychologists?
Development is essentially fixed in childhood.
Which of the following is the major criticism of the social-cognitive perspective?
It focuses too little on the inner traits of a person.
The text defines personality as
an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
According to Freud, defense mechanisms are methods of reducing
anxiety
In psychology, behavior is best defined as
any action we can observe and record.
Which perspective emphasizes the learning of observable responses?
behavioral
Research on locus of control indicates that people with a strong internal locus of control are ________ than people with a strong external locus of control.
better able to cope with stress
The way we encode, process, store, and retrieve information is the primary concern of the ________ perspective.
cognitive
According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of scientific psychology should be the study of
conscious experience
The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes the importance of
different approaches in exploring behavior and mental processes.
Humanistic theories of personality
emphasize the growth potential of "healthy" individuals.
Which two dimensions of personality have the Eysencks emphasized?
extraversion-introversion and emotional stability-instability
Which subfield is most directly concerned with studying human behavior in the workplace?
industrial-organizational psychology
What is the correct order of psychosexual stages proposed by Freud?
oral; anal; phallic; latency; genital
A major criticism of trait theory is that it
overestimates the consistency of behavior in different situations
For humanistic psychologists, many of our behaviors and perceptions are ultimately shaped by whether our ________ is ________ or ________.
self-concept; positive; negative
In defining psychology, the text notes that psychology is most accurately described as a
set of findings related to behavior and mental processes.
Dr. Ernst explains behavior in terms of different situations. Dr. Ernst is working from the ________ perspective.
social-cultural
Which of the following places the greatest emphasis on the unconscious mind?
the psychoanalytic perspective
With regard to personality, it appears that
there is little consistency of behavior from one situation to the next but significant consistency of traits over the life span
Projective tests such as the Rorschach inkblot test have been criticized because
they have low reliability and low validity.