Public Speaking Exam 3 review

Small group

3-15 people who share a common purpose, feel a sense of belonging, and exert influence on each other

Human element

Connect with the audience, Stories, relatability, Attitudes, beliefs, values

Text

Minimize: if you have too many words it is no longer a visual aid, make sure they have time to read your slides

Structure

Opening, logical order, key points, conciseness, visual aids

Fonts

Prioritize readability, avoid non-standard fonts

Eliminate noise

Reduce irrelevant information, eliminating background images, use clear images, using simple and clean graphics

Toast

a brief tribute to a person or event; prepare but be spontaneous

Speaking group

a collection of 3 or more speakers who come together to accomplish message content goals

Groupthink

a faulty sense of agreement that occurs when group members seemingly agree but they primarily want to avoid conflict

Rule of thirds

a grid to divide the slide using invisible lines

Slide deck

a group of slides

Non Sequitur

a statement that does not logically follow from the previous statement

Receptive audiences

already knows something about your topic and is generally supportive of it

Logos

an appeal based on logic or reason

Negotiating strategy

approach you take when you exchange proposals with another person when discussing a settlement to conflict

Dress

appropriate

proposition of policy

ask the speaker to advocate for an appropriate course of action; may call for people to stop or start a particular behavior

proposition of fact

ask whether something can potentially be verified as either true or false; may focus on whether something exists, causality, make predictions; use evidence

Speeches to Actuate

attempt to influence or reinforce actions. designed to motivate particular behaviors.

Knowledge level

audience's knowledge about the topic

Objectives

audience's needs

Purpose

clear, understood

Handouts

common for academic settings, best used to supplement or support, can contain additional information

Team

coordinated group of people organized to work together to achieve a specific common goal

Identification

creating familiarity and closeness

Ethos

credibility

Social loafing

decreased effort of each individual member as the number of a group increases

Delivery plan

developed by a group to create and deliver a cohesive presentation

white space

draws attention to main point, professional

Graphs and charts

easy to understand, clear, not too many colors, avoid 3D graphs, eliminate background noise

Pathos

emotional appeal

Balance

equal weight and content on each slide as well as top and bottom

Fallacies

errors in reasoning

Delivery

extemporaneous

Causal pattern

general cause and specific effect

Magnification

giving benefit to the audience, amplifying emotion, and exceeding expectations

Direct method pattern

goal is to convince your audience to adopt an idea; claim and list of reasons to support it

Cohesiveness

group sticks together in the pursuit of its objectives

Objects and props

help audience understand meaning, must be relevant, demonstration or stand alone item in speech

Usage

how the audience will use the presentation

Poster and flip cards

ideal or small audiences, consider type of poster, consider writing time for flip charts

Rehearsal

important!!!

Speech of introduction

introduces the main speaker at an event and inspires the audience to listen to that speaker; always necessary; requires complete structure

proposition of value

judging the relative worth of something; make an evaluative claim regarding morality, aesthetics, wisdom, or desirability; compares multiple options to determine which is best; subjective

Roast

kind of toast that is humorous and pokes fun at the honored person in a friendly way

Protocols

mutually agreed upon ways of interacting

Ad Hominem

name-calling, personal attack

Neutral audiences

not passionate about the topic because they don't have enough information

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

organizational pattern

Commemorative speech/tribute

pay special accolades to an occasion, extraordinary person, event, idea, or monument

Refutation pattern

persuade audience members that your side of the argument is better or more accurate

Room

practice, prepare, anticipate

Visuals

prepare

coercion

process whereby thought or behaviors are altered; deceptive or harmful methods propel the intended changes, not reason; promises for reward/punishment

Panel

public group discussion

Forum

question-and-answer session

Acceptance speech

recipient delivers upon immediate receipt of the award

Keynote address

represents the essential or common theme of a convention, conference, or other large gathering

Color Palette

selection of colors used throughout the project

Symposium

series of short speeches

Audio and video

short and few clips, 10-20 seconds, make sure they are cued properly

Slideware

slideshow software

Presentational speech

speaker presents a person with an award/prize

Speeches to Convince

speaker seeks to establish agreement about a particular topic. attempt to influence or reinforce particular beliefs, attitudes or values.

Debate

structured argument; for or against

Oral content

suited for speaking, not reading

Hostile audiences

take issue with your topic or with you as a speaker

Packaging

the type of relationship you have with the audience and the division of time

After-dinner speech

to entertain and inform audience about an issue

Commencement speech

type of keynote speech; given to mark the occasion of a school's graduation ceremony during which diplomas are awarded to graduating students

Images

use high quality images, avoid watermarks

Epideictic oratory

used to praise or blame, condemn or commend, and celebrate and give thanks

Demonstration

used to wow audience or teach a process, helps make the speech memorable

Z pattern

viewers see the slide starting at the top left and ending at the bottom right

personal appearance

way speakers dress, groom, and present themselves physically

Coordinated

what audience should know