Quiz 2
A press conference was held and a new commissioner was announced by the governor. The acting commissioner was not aware of the change and was not able to make an announcement to staff prior to the press conference. The rumor mill started as soon as the press conference ended that the agency was being dismantled and all the employees would be laid off. Was this a reasonable response to the change?
Yes, because there was surprise and fear of the unknown.
Noreen likes it when her boss recognizes that she met the deadline and tried her best, even if what she gave him was not exactly what he was expecting. Noreen is motivated by
a need for achievement
A waitress assumes a group of poorly dressed customers to be ungenerous tippers. She doesn't pay much attention to them during their meal, forgets to bring their drinks, and doesn't ask if they want dessert. In the end, she gets the result that she expects, a very small tip. This is an example of
a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Fran's Crazy Salts has just been bought by Allspice. Employees are unsure of what that will mean for their jobs, as Allspice already has a competent workforce. As a result, many employees have started to call out sick and have begun to look for other jobs. Fran's Crazy Salts should use a change agent to address
adapting to mergers
When would you use a motivating potential score?
when using the job characteristics model
Which of the following is the best statement of performance feedback?
"Your last report contained seven errors which I think you could improve."
At Toys and Games, employees know that during the December shopping season they are often required to work different schedules, weekends, and overtime. The December work schedules at Toys and Games is an example of a(n) ______ change because workers have experienced it in the past. (They experience it every December.)
adaptive
Sylvester is 57 and his company is downsizing. He knows that his position is one that will be cut so he has started to prepare his resume to look for a new job. Hunter tells him not to bother, as he will not get another job, at least not one that is equivalent to his current job. He tells Sylvester that things have changed since Sylvester went to college and that he couldn't realistically offer too much in the workforce today. Hunter is demonstrating a(n)
age stereotype
According to Herzberg's theory, if employees dislike their jobs, managers should
allow employees to bring their pets to work.
A specialist at FedEx who rides with couriers to learn about delivery time measurements and potential service problems is conducting a job
analysis
Maggie's manager notices that she exhibits an external locus of control when she speaks about her work. Her manager should
assign Maggie to a highly structured job requiring greater compliance.
Well-being is the combined impact of all of the following EXCEPT
attitude
Which of the following is NOT a contingency factor in the job characteristics model?
autonomy
As owner and senior accountant at a tax preparation firm, Ben is changing the work schedule of all employees, including managers and accountants, for the months of March and April, the company's busiest time. He is requiring everyone to work on weekends, just as he has during the tax-preparation season for the last ten years. How does Ben predict the employees will react?
They will hardly be upset or not be upset at all.
_____ are subject to validity problems due to evaluator bias.
Trait appraisals
An example of innovative change is a department store deciding to adopt a new practice used by competitors by staying open 24 hours a day and requiring employees to work flexible schedules, a change that employees are likely to see as moderately threatening.
True
Internals likely would prefer and respond more productively to incentives such as merit pay or sales commissions.
True
Investors who are more likely to buy a stock if they see something about it in the news or if it has a high one-day return provide an example of the recency effect.
True
Lynn has hired two new employees for her team, Jacques and Bailey. Jacques is outgoing and physically attractive, while Bailey is very bright but seems quiet and unsure. Lynn immediately expects Jacques to outperform Bailey at the job. Lynn is likely experiencing the halo effect.
True
Procter & Gamble modified a liquid detergent to make it available as a concentrated powder in a pouch. P&G's new product is an example of an improvement innovation.
True
Simplified, repetitive jobs lead to job dissatisfaction, poor mental health, and a low sense of accomplishment and personal growth.
True
Therese is an architect for the building of a large office complex downtown. Frequently a group of steel workers whistle at her as she climbs a ladder or interacts with staff. The men's actions create a hostile work environment.
True
To use positive reinforcement, give praise to employees not for showing up for work on time (an expected part of any job) but for showing up early.
True
Walt Disney Company's investment of $1 billion into a wearable technology that it hopes will revolutionize the way visitors spend money at Walt Disney World, featuring a website ("My Disney Experience") and data-collecting wristbands ("MagicBands") that interact with scanners throughout the 40-square-mile theme park, is an example of proactive change.
True
How are values different from attitudes?
Values are consistent over time.
During a(n) _______________, Marcia asked Joaquim to tell her about the actions he took to overcome some sort of adversity.
behavioral description interview
In an interview you are asked, "What was the best idea you ever sold to a supervisor, teacher, peer, or subordinate?" What type of interview were you experiencing?
behavioral-description
Which of the following is NOT a step in the perceptual process?
casual attribution
What does a manager who is desiring change NOT have control over?
change agents
The statement "Mackenzie is slow to return phone calls" reflects the ________ component of an attitude.
cognitive
Using self-determination theory to motivate employees at Cloud Space, a data storage company, the vice chair makes 10-20 phone calls a day to thank special employees "caught doing something right." The vice chair is fulfilling her employees' ________ needs.
competence
The increasing diversity of the American workforce, and the fact that people aged 18-34 are more likely to be living with their parents than with a spouse or partner, are both examples of a(n) ______ force for change.
demographic
Which law restricts mandatory retirement?
Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
Lacey has a degenerative eye disease that is causing her to gradually lose her eyesight. When Lacey asked her employer, Ideal Accessories, to purchase a low-vision computer for her use at work, she was fired. Ideal Accessories has violated the
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
Zora is conducting a performance appraisal for Sam, one of her employees. The company's performance appraisal form asks her to rate Sam's performance on various items like "Submits reports on time with minimal errors" on a scale from 1 to 5. Zora is using a ________ appraisal system.
BARS
A smoker who claims that the habit is not as dangerous as antismoking messages suggest, saying "My grandmother smokes and she's in her 80s," is attempting to increase cognitive dissonance.
False
B corporations are ones whose stocks are NOT listed on NASDAQ or as part of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
False
During annual inventory week, a department store may ask its employees to work 12 hours a day instead of the usual 8. During tax-preparation time, the store's accounting department may work similar hours. Although accounting employees are in a different department from stockroom and sales employees, it's reasonable to expect that the accounting employees wouldn't be terribly upset by the temporary change in hours because they've seen it in effect elsewhere in the store. This is an example of innovative change.
False
General Electric paid employees who were smokers up to $750 to quit and stay off cigarettes. This program was three times as successful as a different GE "quit smoking" program in which employees received no paid incentives. The $750 in the first program is an example of an intrinsic reward.
False
Grant's manager just told his team about this year's contest, the winner of which will receive an all-expense paid trip to Taiwan. Grant does not like to travel to places where he can't speak the language, so he is not very enthusiastic. This reward has a high valence for Grant.
False
Intrinsic motivation is not as long lasting as extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation has a less positive impact on task performance.
False
The most effective sources of new employee sources are job postings on websites.
False
To motivate employees, employers need to primarily focus on fulfilling the top level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization.
False
Your supervisor says the company needs you to stay late to meet an important deadline, but your family expects you to be present for your child's birthday party. You are experiencing role overload.
False
__________ is a performance review system in which all employees within a business unit are ranked against one another.
Forced ranking
McClelland's need for achievement corresponds most closely to
Maslow's self-actualization needs.
Dionne wants to post a vacancy as an internal only posting. Her manager, Ty, cautions her about only posting internally, as the benefits do not always outweigh the challenges. Which of the following might be a challenge that Ty is referring to?
Once that job is filled, it will create a new vacancy that Dionne will have to fill.
_______ capital is the economic or productive potential of strong, trusting, and cooperative relationships. This type of capital can help you land a job; a national survey of recruiters revealed that 74 percent had found the highest-quality applicants through employee referrals.
Social
Compared to internal recruiting, which of the following is true of external recruiting?
The process is more expensive and takes longer.
As an OD consultant, Mika is designing a survey of employee attitudes to be given to workers at Hope Urgent Care, a provider of emergency-care services in a low-income neighborhood. In collecting this information, Mika is conducting the ______ stage of OD.
diagnosis
When using punishment, a manager should
do it in conjunction with positive reinforcement
The risk of "wrongful termination" lawsuits is reduced with careful
documentation.
Which of the following is a typical off-the-job learning and development method?
e-learning
People high in ________ are responsive to others' social and interpersonal cues.
emotional intelligence
Odell is frequently nervous, tense, and worried, both at work and at home. He likely scores low on which of the Big Five personality dimensions?
emotional stability
During Lewin's refreezing stage, managers should
encourage and reinforce the desired change in the employees.
According to Maslow, the need for status, reputation, and recognition is part of a person's ________ needs.
esteem
After struggling with the accounting training, Aaron is unsure whether he can complete the end-of-year financial reporting with no errors in the time allotted. In this case, Aaron is low on the ________ element of expectancy theory.
expectancy
Anastasia impressed her boss by making many suggestions for department improvements and by putting in many weekend hours to do extra tasks to develop the new procedures. Anastasia is exhibiting
organizational citizenship behavior.
Della, the sales manager, just informed her sales team that all sales in March will earn an extra 5 percent commission. The team gets right to work, being motivated by a(n)
extrinsic reward
Which of the following is a career readiness competency desired by employers?
generalized self-efficacy
Colin is a branch manager for a large freight company. He has noticed low morale lately, perhaps because of the cramped quarters, stricter policies, and lack of raises this year. According to Herzberg, Colin should first concentrate on
hygiene factors.
Research has shown that four-year-old African-American boys are suspended and expelled more often than any other race or gender, regardless of the race of the teacher. The reasons most often given are that they just can't sit still and control their bodies. This is an example of
implicit bias.
Where will you find the great majority of union workers?
in the public sector
Which of the following is NOT an inside force that indicates organizational change might be needed?
increased competition
Research shows that simplified jobs lead to all the following EXCEPT
increased productivity
At his review last year, Lucas was promised a 20 percent raise if he met his production goals. Raises were included in today's paychecks, and although Lucas has met all of his goals, he received only a cost-of-living raise. In the future, Lucas' ________ will probably be
instrumentality; low
Margarita believes that she controls her own destiny. She is a rather shy person who is extremely dependable and responsible, and her coworkers respect her greatly. Margarita has a(n) ________ locus of control and would rate high on the ________ dimension of personality.
internal; conscientiousness
According to Herzberg, which of the following is an example of a hygiene factor?
interpersonal relationships
Each year Clifton Falls hosts retreats for organizations. They encourage employers to bring their employees for single days, extended stays, or even full-weeks. Which of Maslow's needs is Clifton Falls helping employers to meet?
love
Lexie, a new manager, must enforce sales report deadlines, but her team is struggling. She creates a new system to streamline the process and helps everyone understand why the deadlines are important. On which of the following internal forces is Lexie trying to have an impact?
manager's behavior
According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, only ________ factors can make employees satisfied with their jobs.
motivating
As a sales manager, Tanya is conducting performance appraisals for her team members. To do so, she tracks each person's sales calls, amount of sales, and revenues on a quarterly basis. Tanya is using a(n) ______ system of appraisal.
objective
Stark Industries was just rated number one for job satisfaction on a survey compiled by an outside entity. The report cited that employees at Stark Industries had a strong ________ and reported low levels of
organizational commitment; perceived stress.
When Jasmine interviewed for a position as a computer programmer, she was asked to take a test on a particular programming language. Jasmine took a(n) ______ test.
performance
Walmart's implementation of RFID, a type of technology that allows it to improve inventory tracking, is an example of a(n) ______ change because Walmart already had a very effective technology tracking system in place before it implemented RFID.
proactive
A managerial innovation that improves the efficiency of a company's cross-functional teams would be considered a(n) ______ innovation.
process
A technological innovation that improves the performance and speed of a computer's operating system would be considered a(n) ______ innovation.
product
Meili's employer distributes checks at the end of each quarter, representing an equitable portion of 5 percent of the company's pretax profits for the previous quarter. These are ________checks.
profit sharing
To reduce unhealthy stressors in organizations, which of the following would NOT produce favorable results?
provide close, authoritative supervision
Beam Satellite Network has decided to offer a one-hour appointment window for customers needing installation or repair of its service, which will require the company to have several technicians on call. Beam hopes this practice will give it an advantage over the competition, none of which have adopted such a practice. Beam Satellite Network is introducing a(n) ______ change.
radically innovative
When Jorge became one of three final candidates for a managerial position with a large pharmaceutical company, the hiring manager scheduled a special meeting with him. The two talked about the stressful deadlines and heavy travel required of the position, as well as the compensation and benefits. Jorge appreciated that the hiring manager took the time to provide a(n)
realistic job preview.
To ________, Lance, an HR manager, used reports from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and the U.S. Census Bureau for information about his industry's labor pool in his geographic area.
recruit from outside the organization
If a manager knows one of her employees has low self-esteem and wishes to enhance it, she should
reinforce the employee's positive attributes and skills.
Shay is preparing to go into her meeting with her supervisor, Jill, to discuss her annual evaluation. She knows that there have been a few times this year where she could have performed better and she does not want to get angry in the meeting. Last night and on the ride in this morning, she rehearsed what she anticipated Jill would tell her and what her response would be. Shay was trying to
resist being defensive.
Charles has important clients in town who want to have dinner, but his mother has a plumbing leak and has asked him to come over and shut off the water until she can get it fixed tomorrow. Charles is experiencing
role conflict
Boring, tedious jobs generally reduce people's perceptions of their
self-efficacy
In organizational development, what type of interventions is NOT recommended for use?
single interventions
While a moderate amount of stress can have some health and behavioral benefits, excess stress can reveal itself in all of the following ways EXCEPT
slurred speech.
Which emotional intelligence trait tends to be empathetic?
social awareness
Timothy was hiring a new financial analyst, and he had several good candidates. He was leaning toward hiring Jade, a Japanese American woman, because he thinks Asians are better at math. Timothy is exhibiting which distortion in perception?
stereotyping
When employees at Wells Fargo opened accounts in their members' names, not always with their consent, the employees blamed it on management, stating that the bank executives had set ________ goals, or goals that seemed unattainable.
stretch
When workers perceive they are being treated fairly on the job, they are most likely to
support organizational change.
Social media (LinkedIn, Facebook) can make the search for new employees more efficient. The rise of social media is an example of a(n) __________ advancement or force.
technological
The invention of a machine to make plastic corks for wine bottles has severely affected companies that produce traditional cork. The invention of the machine for making plastic corks is an example of a(n) ______ advancement.
technological
According to the systems model of change, which of the following is NOT an input?
the organization's products or services
Investors who are more likely to buy a stock if they see something about it in the news or if it has a high one-day return are experiencing
the recency effect.
When Jack was hired in 2011 at Ford Motor Company, he was offered $14 an hour. His best friend Sam started at the same plant doing the same job two years earlier making $28 an hour. This is an example of
two-tier wage contracts
In considering the staffing an organization might need in the future, human resource managers should
understand the organization's vision and strategy in order to hire personnel to support them.
Under which of the following circumstances would the desire to reduce cognitive dissonance be greatest?
when large amounts of money are on the line