Renaissance

What is humanism?

A focus on human achievement.

Leonardo De Vinci

A painter, sculptor, or inventor and scientist. He was a renaissance man that was interested in the mechanics of things. He created the famous Mona Lisa.

What is a Patron?

A person that financially supports artists. Wealthy merchant families, were POTA by paying for their portraits to be painted, and donating art to the city to place in public squares.

What happened after the Hundred Years war ended?

After the 100 years war ended, cities began to repopulate rapidly, and because Flanders was already wealthy. They were the first to start taking interest in Art.

Michelangelo

An artist/ sculptor that was greatly influenced by classical statues. Sculpted David from 1501 to 1504.

What is Classical learning?

Ancient Latin manuscripts that were preserved in monasteries and western scholars used them for learning.

Characteristics of Northern Renaissance Art

Attention to detail, more focused on realism and nature, landscapes, emphasis on middle class and peasant life.

What is Renaissance Art based off?

Based off Classical Period art. from 800-500C.E.

Medieval Art Characteristics.

Disproportionate, no perspective, all faces are the same, unrealistic, nudity, two dimensional, flat and dull, religious themes, or themes about war, 180 degree relief statues.

Characteristics of Classical Art

Figures of perfect, bodies look attractive, nude, sometimes draped in togas, faces are without emotion, heroic figures, daily life.

Where did the Northern Renaissance first start?

Flanders( Norway, Belgium). Which had become quite wealthy off of long distance trade, and the cloth industry.

What was Florence known for? How did they gain wealth?

Florence was known for the Medici, the wealthiest family in all of Italy. They were a banking family, which is how Florence gained wealth, which is because they charged interest.

What was the Classical Period a focus on?

Focus on learning humanities: architecture, literature, history, mathematics, theatre, arts.

What time period was the Classical Period?

It ended at 476 C.E.

Where did the Renaissance start?

It first started in Italy.

Middle Ages time period?

It started in 476 C.E. and ended in the 1300s when the Renaissance first hit Italy.

What was the Middle Ages focused on?

It was a focus on religion, and little organized learning took place.

Why did the Renaissance start in the City-States of Italy first?

Location, center of trade routes. It was the perfect location for both sea, and land trade. Trade brought wealth to Italy, and then the Merchant class emerged. Ideas were brought to Italy from Indian Ocean trade and people from the east. (Ottoman empire, etc..)

Italian City-States

Northern Italy had large city-states because over seas trade caused by the crusades, because of the city-states northern city-states were rural. In the city-states a wealthy merchant class developed, and because some were relatively small;(Florence, Milan) most people were intensely involved in politics.

What did Rome grow wealthy from?

Pope- he taxed everyone.

Characteristics of Renaissance Art

Realism and expression, Perspective, Greco-Roman influence (classicism), secularism, humanism: emphasis on human potential/ achievement.

What does the Renaissance mean?

Renewal, or Rebirth.

What is Perspective?

Showing three dimensions o a flat surface. A new technique that helped artists paint more prominent features, some were so advanced they were able to portray personality.

What was the time period for the Renaissance?

The 1300s to 1600s.

The Medici

The family that took over florence who were a very wealthy banking family.

How was the the Northern Renaissance similar to Italian Renaissance?

The merchants in the northern renaissance being patrons of the arts, are similar to in Venice during the italian renaissance. And the monarchs being POTA's in the NR is similar to when the Medici, and other strong leaders all were POTA's in both Renaissances.

Why didn't people in the Middle Ages look to examples and ideas from the Classical Period?

The people of the Middle Ages didn't focus on the teachings of the Greeks and the Romans, because The Church forbade it and greatly discouraged it. This was because the people from the Greco-Roman period were polytheistic( pagans) or non-believers.

What was reborn in the Renaissance?

The rebirth of learning; the arts,literature, science, and mathematics.

What is Cultural Diffusion?

The spreading of art and learning through art and war.

Who sponsored art during the Northern Renaissance?

The strong monarchs that ruled over England and France, were big contributors and patrons of the arts, by buying paintings, and greatly and writers.

Who was Cosmo Medici

The wealthiest man in Europe of his time. Dictated over Florence for 30 years.

What did the Byzantines bring with them to Italy?

They brought their knowledge of the greek language and the Greek manuscripts.

Merchants in City-States

They dominated politics, didn't inherit social rank, earned rank based off of one's individual success.

What did Venice grow wealthy from?

Trade

What is Secular?

Worldy, even though people of the Renaissance were devoutly catholic, their interest in Secular ideas( things from other religions) was a shift from the beliefs of the Middle Ages, everything was explained by god.

Did the Merchant class support art?

Yes, they were the first supporters of art in the Italian city-states.

How did Venice Engage in Diplomatic relations with the Ottomans?

they sent artists, and many gifts that were appealing so that the Ottomans would trade with them. The Venetians were very dependent on their trade.