Reproductive System Exam Study Guide (Pt. 4)

How many chromosomes are contained within a human zygote? (Module 27.2B) 8 23 32 64 46

46

The pigmented skin that surrounds the nipple is the zona reticularis. fornix. peripapilla. zona pellucida. areola.

areola.

Enlargement of the prostate gland, or ________, typically occurs spontaneously in men over age 50. carcinoma testicular cancer benign prostatic hypertrophy fibrocystic disease prostate cancer

benign prostatic hypertrophy

Which birth control method provides some protection against sexually transmitted diseases? (Module 26.16A) surgical sterilization condoms birth control pills intrauterine device diaphragm with spermicide

condoms

The breasts are attached to the chest superficial to the ________ muscle. serratus anterior rectus abdominis pectoralis major trapezius subclavius

pectoralis major

The use of which birth control method often results in the cessation of the uterine cycle? (Module 26.16B) condoms diaphragm with spermicide the rhythm method intrauterine device progesterone-only shots

progesterone-only shots

After ovulation, the ovary secretes estrogen. progesterone. luteinizing hormone. FSH. both estrogen and progesterone.

progesterone.

Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of LH. progesterone. relaxin. FSH. inhibin.

progesterone.

The principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is LH. progesterone. estrogen. luteosterone. FSH.

progesterone.

Which of the following is not a function of the ovaries? secretion of inhibin production of oocytes formation of immature gametes responding directly to GnRH secretion of hormones

responding directly to GnRH

In a(n) ________, each ductus deferens is cut, and either a segment is removed and the ends tied (or cauterized) or silicone plugs are inserted. vasectomy tubal ligation prostatectomy ovariectomy hysterectomy

vasectomy

________ is the time spent in growing within the uterus. Development Pregnancy Gestation Gastrulation Embryonization

Gestation

________ are the organs of milk production. Mammary glands The pudenda Bartholin's glands Lactiferous ducts Cowper's gland

Mammary glands

Why are numerous sperm required to fertilize a secondary oocyte? (Module 27.2C) Multiple sperm are needed to provide organelles to the zygote. Multiple sperm are needed to have the required number of chromosomes for the zygote. Multiple sperm are needed to increase the extracellular calcium levels. Multiple sperm are needed because the male pronucleus is smaller than the female pronucleus. Acrosomal enzymes from multiple sperm are needed to penetrate the corona radiata.

Acrosomal enzymes from multiple sperm are needed to penetrate the corona radiata.

Compare benign prostatic hypertrophy with prostate cancer. (Module 26.17A) Benign prostatic hypertrophy is a malignancy whereas prostate cancer is a shrinkage of the prostate gland. Benign prostatic hypertrophy affects young men whereas prostate cancer affects older men. Benign prostatic hypertrophy affects the seminal glands in addition to the prostate whereas prostate cancer just affects the prostate gland. Benign prostatic hypertrophy is an enlargement of the prostate whereas prostate cancer is a malignancy. Benign prostatic hypertrophy affects older men whereas prostate cancer affects young men.

Benign prostatic hypertrophy is an enlargement of the prostate whereas prostate cancer is a malignancy.

Explain whether the blockage of a single lactiferous sinus would or would not interfere with the delivery of milk to the nipple. (Module 26.14B) Blockage of a single lactiferous sinus would interfere with the delivery of milk because each gland has only one lactiferous sinus. Blockage of a single lactiferous sinus would not interfere with the delivery of milk because each gland has several lactiferous sinuses. Blockage of a single lactiferous sinus would interfere with the delivery of milk because the lactiferous sinus is where the milk is produced. Blockage of a single lactiferous sinus would interfere with the delivery of milk because although each gland has several lactiferous sinuses, only one can be active at a time. Blockage of a single lactiferous sinus would not interfere with the delivery of milk because milk doesn't travel through the lactiferous sinuses to exit the nipple.

Blockage of a single lactiferous sinus would not interfere with the delivery of milk because each gland has several lactiferous sinuses.

Distinguish among embryonic, fetal, and prenatal development. (Module 27.1B) Embryonic development begins at implantation and continues until the end of the second trimester. Fetal development begins at fertilization and occurs until implantation. Prenatal development refers to the events of the third trimester. Embryonic development begins at the 9th week and continues until birth. Fetal development refers to the events that occur during the first 2 months after fertilization. Prenatal development consists of both embryonic and fetal development. Embryonic development refers to the events that occur during the first 2 months after fertilization. Fetal development begins at the 9th week and continues until birth. Prenatal development consists of both embryonic and fetal development. Embryonic development begins at implantation and continues until the end of the second trimester. Fetal development refers to the events of the third trimester. Prenatal development begins at birth and continues to maturity. Embryonic development begins at fertilization and occurs until implantation. Fetal development begins at implantation and continues until the end of the second trimester. Prenatal development refers to the events of the third trimester.

Embryonic development refers to the events that occur during the first 2 months after fertilization. Fetal development begins at the 9th week and continues until birth. Prenatal development consists of both embryonic and fetal development.

Define fertilization. (Module 27.2A) Fertilization is the attachment of a zygote to the uterine wall. Fertilization is the ejection of the secondary oocyte from the ovary. Fertilization is the fusion of a secondary oocyte and a sperm to form a zygote. Fertilization is the ejection of the primary oocyte from the ovary. Fertilization is the journey the oocyte travels through the uterine tube to reach the uterus.

Fertilization is the fusion of a secondary oocyte and a sperm to form a zygote.

Define gestation. (Module 27.1A) Gestation is the time after fertilization until implantation. Gestation is the time of development during the third trimester. Gestation is the time a developing embryo and fetus spends in the uterus. Gestation is the time of development during the first and second trimesters. Gestation is the moment of fertilization.

Gestation is the time a developing embryo and fetus spends in the uterus.

The pathogen responsible for nearly 75% of cervical cancers is Human immunodeficiency virus. Human papillomavirus. Herpes simplex. Borrelia burgdorferi. Chlamydia.

Human papillomavirus.

What ovarian cycle changes would result if the LH surge did not occur? (Module 26.15A) If the LH surge did not occur, the secondary oocyte would not complete meiosis I, ovulation would occur around day 7, and the corpus albicans would not form. If the LH surge did not occur, the menstrual phase would continue past day 7, inhibin secretion would not occur, and estrogen secretion would not occur. If the LH surge did not occur, the secondary oocyte would not complete meiosis I, ovulation would not occur, and the corpus luteum would not form. If the LH surge did not occur, follicles would not develop, estrogen levels would increase, and the oocyte would not develop. If the LH surge did not occur, oocyte and follicular development would be faster and estrogen and progesterone levels would be higher.

If the LH surge did not occur, the secondary oocyte would not complete meiosis I, ovulation would not occur, and the corpus luteum would not form.

Which of the following statements about the uterine cycle is false? It continues during pregnancy. It often involves painful myometrial contraction. It is divided into three phases. It is ultimately controlled by GnRH. The first occurrence is termed menarche.

It continues during pregnancy.

Define lactation. (Module 26.14A) Lactation is the secretion of prolactin by the anterior pituitary gland. Lactation is the development of the breasts at puberty. Lactation is the secretion of oxytocin by the posterior pituitary gland. Lactation is the act of breastfeeding an infant. Lactation is the production of milk by the mammary glands.

Lactation is the production of milk by the mammary glands.

What is postnatal development? (Module 27.1C) Postnatal development begins at birth and continues to maturity. Postnatal development refers to the events that occur during the first 2 months after fertilization. Postnatal development refers to the events of the third trimester. Postnatal development begins at the 9th week and continues until birth. Postnatal development refers to the events of the first and second trimesters.

Postnatal development begins at birth and continues to maturity.

Which of the following is not true of the suspensory ligaments of the breasts? They are composed of fibrous tissue. They carry milk to the nipple. They extend from the muscular wall out to the nipple. They support the breast tissue. They separate the lobes of the breast.

They carry milk to the nipple.

Define vasectomy. (Module 26.16C) Vasectomy is the surgical sterilization of males by the removal of the prostate gland. Vasectomy is the surgical sterilization of males by cutting the ductus deferens. Vasectomy is the surgical sterilization of males by the removal of the testes. Vasectomy is the surgical sterilization of females by removal of the uterus. Vasectomy is the surgical sterilization of females by blocking the uterine tubes.

Vasectomy is the surgical sterilization of males by cutting the ductus deferens.

Contact of a sperm with the oocyte membrane does not cause completion of the second meiosis. membrane fusion. formation of the second polar body. oocyte activation. a decrease in calcium released from the oocyte.

a decrease in calcium released from the oocyte.

What uterine cycle event occurs when estrogen and progesterone decrease? (Module 26.15B) ovarian follicle development ovulation repair and regeneration of the functional layer destruction of the functional layer and menstruation secretion by uterine glands

destruction of the functional layer and menstruation

The gradual modification of anatomical structures during the period from conception to maturity is embryogenesis. capacitation. development. differentiation. All of the answers are correct.

development.

Which of the following is a barrier method of birth control? diaphragm rhythm method hormonal post-coital contraception oral contraceptives tubal ligation

diaphragm

Another term for vulva is gonads. accessory glands. female external genitalia. vagina. labia.

female external genitalia.

A rise in the blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone at the beginning of the ovarian cycle is responsible for menstruation. follicle maturation. menopause. atresia. ovulation.

follicle maturation.

The ________ is the region of the vagina that surrounds the cervix. external os dartos fornix fundus rugae

fornix

The shallow recess that surrounds the cervical protrusion into the vagina is called the fornix. pudendum. vestibule. prepuce. hymen.

fornix

The ________ method of birth control involves taking either combination estrogen/progesterone birth control pills or progesterone-only pills in two large doses 12 hours apart within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse. progesterone-only rhythm method intrauterine device oral contraceptive hormonal post-coital contraception

hormonal post-coital contraception

Which pathogen is associated with most cases of cervical cancer? (Module 26.17B) human immunodeficiency virus human papillomavirus Syphilis rhinovirus Chlamydia

human papillomavirus

The production of milk is called colostrum. lactation. secretion.letdown.menstruation.

lactation.

The glandular tissue of the breast consists of separate lobes, each containing several secretory areolae. papillae. lobules. sinuses. alveoli.

lobules.

A mature follicle releases an ovum in response to a surge in luteinizing hormone. oxytocin. progesterone. estrogen. follicle-stimulating hormone.

luteinizing hormone.

Secondary sexual characteristics may develop in response to estrogen. may develop in response to testosterone or estrogen. may develop in response to testosterone. are usually apparent at birth. None of the answers is correct.

may develop in response to testosterone or estrogen.

The uterine phase that develops because of a fall in progesterone levels is the follicular phase. the luteal phase. the secretory phase. the proliferative phase. menses.

menses.

The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers menopause. atresia. follicle maturation. ovulation. menstruation.

ovulation.

Trace the route of milk from its site of production to the body surface. (Module 26.14C) secretory alveoli, ducts within a lobule, lactiferous duct, lactiferous sinus, surface of the nipple lactiferous sinus, lactiferous duct, ducts within a lobule, surface of the nipple, secretory alveoli surface of the nipple, secretory alveoli, ducts within a lobule, lactiferous sinus, lactiferous duct secretory alveoli, lactiferous sinus, lactiferous duct, ducts within a lobule, surface of the nipple ducts within a lobule, secretory alveoli, lactiferous sinus, lactiferous duct, surface of the nipple

secretory alveoli, ducts within a lobule, lactiferous duct, lactiferous sinus, surface of the nipple

Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates the thyroid follicles. stimulates spermatogenesis. is important only in females. stimulates maturation of primordial follicles in the ovary. stimulates spermatogenesis and stimulates maturation of primordial follicles in the ovary.

stimulates spermatogenesis and stimulates maturation of primordial follicles in the ovary.

On which of the following days would the level of LH be highest in a female? the first day of menses the day before ovulation the day of ovulation 3 days before ovulation 3 days after ovulation

the day before ovulation

Each of the following statements concerning development is true except the first trimester is when the fetus first looks distinctively human. embryonic development includes the events that occur in the first 2 months. organ development is complete by the end of the 6th month. fetal development occurs from the 9th week until birth. postnatal development begins at birth.

the first trimester is when the fetus first looks distinctively human.

During amphimixis, sperm become capacitated. meiosis occurs. the zygote is formed with 46 chromosomes. gametes are formed. the male and female pronuclei fuse.

the male and female pronuclei fuse.

During menses, secretory glands and blood vessels develop in the endometrium. the old functional layer is sloughed off. the corpus luteum is most active. a new uterine lining is formed. progesterone levels are high.

the old functional layer is sloughed off.

"Natural family planning" is an alternative term for which form of birth control? an intrauterine device vasectomy hormonal post-coital contraception oral contraceptives the rhythm method

the rhythm method

A sample of a woman's blood is analyzed for reproductive hormone levels. The results indicate a high level of progesterone, relatively high levels of inhibin, and low levels of FSH and LH. The female is most likely experiencing ________ of the uterine cycle. the secretory phase the proliferative phase menarche menses menopause

the secretory phase