Res 101

what 3 elements must be present for infection to spread?

1.) a source 2.) a route 3.) a host

to avoid thermal injury with transcutaneous blood gas monitor sensors, what should you do?

1.) carefully monitor the sensor temperature 3.) regularly rotate the sensor site

which of the following are causes of leukopenia?

1.) chemotherapy 2.) bone marrow disease 3.) radiaton therapy

which of the following are critical elements of a patient's past medical history?

1.) childhood diseases 2.) prior major illnesses or surgery 3.) marital status

which of the following are categories under expanded precautions?

1.) contact precautions 2.) droplet precautious 4.) airborne infection isolation

which of the following changes would occur if an arterial blood sample pf a patient breathing room air were exposed to a large air bubble?

1.) decreased PCO2 3.) increased PO2

which of the following sites are used for arterial blood sampling by percutaneous needle puncture?

1.) femoral 2.) radial 3.) brachial

which of the following are associated with diaphoresis?

1.) fever 2.) severe stress 3.) acute anxiety

Why is the radial artery the preferred site for arterial blood sampling?

1.) it is near the surface and easy to palpate and stabilize 2.) the ulnar artery normally provides good collateral circulation 3.) the radial artery is not near any large veins

which of the following characteristics are typical for pleuritic chest pain?

1.) located laterally 2.) sharp and stabbing in nature 3.) increases with breathing

which of the following increase the risk of surgical patients for developing postoperative pneumonia?

1.) obesity 2.) prolonged intubation 3.) history of smoking 4.) elderly

which of the following elements of a patient's social and environmental history?

1.) occupation and employment history 3.) recent travel 4.) living arrangements

the elements of a POMR entry would include which of the following?

1.) patient's subjective complaints and concerns 2.) objective date gathered by the health professional 3.) Assessment of the subjective and objective data 4.) plan to address the identified problem(s)

which of the following is an expected role of a respiratory therapist?

1.) promoting lung health and wellness 2.)providing patient education 3.) assessing the patient's cardiopulmonary health status

each tissue absorbs different proportions of the x-ray beam. Low-density tissue like the lungs appear:

1.) radiolucent 4.) black

clinical indications for arterial blood analysis include which of the following?

1.) sudden, unexplained dyspnea 2.) cardiopulmonary resuscitation 3.) changes in ventilator setting

which of the following are true about fires in oxygen (O2)-enriched atmospheres?

1.) they are more difficult to put out 2.) they burn more quickly 3.) they burn more intensely

which of the following can be considered a purpose of the interview the RT performs?

1.) to collect diagnostic information 2.) to establish a rapport with the patient 4.) to identify the effect of therapy

which of the following parameters should be monitored during ambulation?

1.)skin color 2.) breathing rate and effort 3.) level of consciousness

what is the upper limit of normal for the fasting blood glucose level?

126 mg/dl

which of the following values represents a normal serum sodium level?

136 to 145 mEq/L

what is the minimum recommended time for handwashing in the health care environment?

15-20 sec

which of the following statements are true regarding the use of O2?

2.) O2 accelerates the rate of combustion 3.) increased O2 concentration accelerates the rates of combustion

which of the following are common cause of an increase in the drive to breathe, which would increase the sensation of the dyspnea?

2.) acidosis 3.) high fever 4.) hypocapina

after changing the FiO2 of a patient with emphysema, how long should you wait to draw an ABG to monitor the patient's respiratory status?

20 to 30 min

each tissue absorbs different proportions of the x-ray beam. dense tissue like bone appears:

3.) radiopaque 2.) white

which of the following values represents a normal serum potassium level?

3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L

what is the normal range for pulse pressure?

30 to 40 mm Hg

approximately what percent of hospitalized patients develop a health care-associated infection

4%

what solution should be used to disinfect the surfaces of the room of a patient who was infected with C. difficile

5.25% sodium hypochlorite

a PaO2 below what value would be considered moderate hypoxemia?

55 mm Hg

if you are caring for a patient who is suspected of having SARS, at what distance from the patient is it recommended to wear an effective filtration mask?

6 ft

what is the normal range for diastolic blood pressure in the adult patient?

60 to 90 mm Hg

what should be used to wipe down the surface of devices that cannot be immersed in water?

70% ethyl alcohol

what is the normal anion gap?

8 to 14 mEq/L

what is the normal range for systolic blood pressure in the adult patient?

90 to 140 mm Hg

what is the measurement of CO2 in respiratory gases called?

Capnometry

Respiratory care educational programs in the United States are accredited by what organization?

CoARC

In the standard approach to hospital fires, the RACE plan has been suggested. What does the letter "C" stand for in this approach?

Contain

what does the acronym HIPAA stand for?

H- health I- insurance P- portability A- accountability A- act

who was the first to develop the large-scale production of O2 in 1907?

Karl Von Linde

what specific PPE must be worn when caring for a patient in airborne isolation?

N95

what organization is responsible for credentialing respiratory therapists?

NBRC

what structures normally paces the healthy heart?

SA node

which of the following waves represents repolarization fo the ventricles?

T wave

what does the QRS complex represent on the EKG?

The QRS complex represent ventricular depolarization on the EKG

where does a person contract a nosocomial infection?

a nosocomial infection is acquired in the hospital. This can come about in many different ways such as touching the same doorknob or dirty equipment reused on patient.

which of the following is a common cause of pulsus paradoxous

acute asthma attack

what is an advanced directive?

advanced directives are the patients wants and wishes in how they receive their care. this is only for the patient and not the patient's family.

what is indicated by retractions

an increase in the work of breathing

what term is used to describe a red blood (RBC) count that is below normal values?

anemia

what term is used to describe the chest pain associated with blockage of the coronary arteries?

angina

what is the name used for immature neutrophils

bands

what artery is most often used to assess arterial blood pressure?

brachial

while observing a patient's breathing, you note that the depth and rate first increase, then decrease, followed by a period of apnea. which of the following terms would you use in charting this observation?

cheyne-stokes breathing

what is the first step in equipment processing for reuse on another patient?

cleaning the equipment

which of the following describes the correct procedure for an allen test?

compress both the radial and ulnar arteries and then release the ulnar artery

airborne droplet nuclei are large and do not remain suspended in air for long

false

caring for a patient with suspected influenza does not require an RT to wear a surgical mask

false

what is the greatest hazard of pulse oximetry?

false results leading to incorrect decisions

which of the following gram stain results suggest the most legitimate sputum sample in a patient with pneumonia?

few epithelial cells and many pus cells

which of the following organs is the most sensitive to the effects of electrical shock?

heart

your patient has elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST). What two organs are most likely diseased?

heart and liver

what is the most common cause of pedal edema?

heart failure

what substance is responsible for carrying the oxygen to the tissues on the red blood cells?

hemoglobin

which of the following terms is used to describe coughing up blood-streaked sputum?

hemoptysis

a patient receiving heparin has a prothrombin time (PT) of 19 sec and an international standardized ratio (INR) of approximately 5.0, what does this indicate?

high lieklihood of excessive bleeding

where are the majority of respiratory therapists employed

hospitals or acute care settings

which of the following is considered the primary source of infection in the health care setting?

humans

what term is used to describe a potassium concentration that is below normal in the blood serum

hypokalemia

what term is used to describe a sodium concentration that is below normal in the blood serum?

hyponatremia

what structure in the body is responsible for regulating the body temperature

hypothalamus

which of the following is least likely to cause tachycardia?

hypothermia

you observe a patient's breathing pattern as very irregular and interspersed with long periods of apnea. which of the following is the most likely cause of this problem?

increased intracranial pressure

what is the most common route of pathogen transmission in the hospital setting?

indirect contact

which of the following diseases travels through droplet mode?

influenza

which of the following is an example of a leading question?

is your breathing better now?

when evaluating the lungs, why is arterial blood preferred over venous blood?

it reflects paO2 and PaCO2 levels determines by the lungs

who is credited with first describing the law of partial pressures for a gas mixture?

john dalton

what breathing pattern is associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?

kussmaul breathing

what term is used to describe an abnormal anteroposterior curvature of the spine?

kyphosis

which of the following is the most common source of patient infections?

large volume nebulizers

what term is used to describe a white blood cell (WBC) count that is above normal values?

leukocytosis

what term is used to describe a white blood count (WBC) count that is below normal values?

leukopenia

what term is used to describe the process in which a government agency gives an individual permission to practice an occupation?

licensure

what type of white blood cell increases in response to viral infections?

lymphocytes

who is professionally responsible for the clinical function of the respiratory care department?

medical director

to find out what drugs or intravenous fluids a patient has received recently; you would go to which section of the medical record?

medication record

what is indicated by an elevation of the anion gap?

metabolic acidosis

What change in the patient's respiratory breathing pattern is commonly seen with significant fever?

more rapid rate

a patient is brought into the ER with chest pain. The physician is having difficulty confirming the patient's diagnosis through an ECG. Blood results show an elevated level of CPK-2 (MB) what can the physician suspect after reviewing the blood work?

myocardial infarction

What organization has developed an examination to enable respiratory therapists to become licensed?

national board for respiratory care

small volume nebulizers produce bacterial aerosols that have been commonly associated with which of the following diseases?

nosocomial pneumonia

what should be done in response to a sputum sample that has many epithelial cells in it?

obtain new sputum sample

what term is used to describe difficult breathing in the reclining position?

orthopnea

what is the most common source of error and false alarms with pulse oximetry?

patient motion artifact

the patient interview conducted by the clinician is done in which space?

personal space

what is the technical term for secretions from the tracheobronchial tree that have been contaminated by the mouth?

phlegm

what term is used to describe shortness of breath in the upright position?

platypnea

what abnormality in the complete blood count is often seen in a patient with significant hypoxemia caused by chronic lung disease?

polycythemia

what term is used to describe a red blood (RBC) count that is above normal values?

polycythemia

what term is used to describe a red blood cell (RBC) count that is above normal values?

polycythemia

HIPPA was established in 1996 to set standards related to sharing confidential health history information about patients. What does P stand for in hipaa

portability

what is the advantage of COPD patients breathing through pursed lips during exhalation?

promotes more complete emptying the lungs

which of the following conditions is most likely to cause a dry, nonproductive cough?

pulmonary fibrosis

what term is used to describe sputum that has pus in it?

purulent

which of the following sites is closest to core body temperature

rectal

what is the most common cause of jugular venous distention (JVD)?

right sided heart failure

which of the following may cause the trachea to shift to the right?

right upper lobe atelectasis

what is the name used for mature neutrophils?

segs

an 80-year-old patient arrives in the emergency room complaining of difficulty breathing with signs of pulmonary edema. the clinician orders a B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) test to be performed on the patient. The test result shows 950 pg/ml. what is the patient's possible condition?

severe heart failure

which of the following is most commonly associated with tripodding?

severe pulmonary hyperinflation

which of the following is the simplest level of infection control based on the recognition that all bloody, body fluids, secretions, and excretions may contain transmissible infections agents?

standard precautions

which of the following is a true statement about the cause of systemic hypertension in adult patients?

the cause is often unknown

your patient has an abnormal sensorium. which of the following is most likely true?

the patient is confused about where he or she is

why should the respiratory therapist perform a blood pressure assessment fairly quickly?

the produce cuts off blood flow to the forearm temporarily

which of the following is/are advantages of the digital blood pressure measurement devices?

they reduce the risk of human error

what term is used to describe a platelet count below normal?

thrombocytopenia

what is the primary purpose of grounding all electrical equipment used in the hospital setting?

to prevent the dangerous buildup of voltage in the equipment

ambulation should begin as soon as patient is stable and free from severe pain

true

in fire safety, the acronym PASS, stands for Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep

true

most hospital fires occur in the kitchen

true

which of the following is an example of indirect contact transmission involving fomites?

use of a dirty laryngoscope blade on another patient

which of the following is an acceptable practice in medical recordkeeping?

using standard abbreviations

what disease is associated with a barrel chest?

emphysema

what type of white blood cell increases in response to allergic reactions?

eosinophils

treatment based on careful review of available literature is known as:

evidence-based medicine

which of the following tests is used to evaluate renal function?

creatinine

the sweat chloride level is used to diagnose which of the following disorders?

cystic fibrosis

which of the following would you expect to occur if too much heparin was used in gathering an ABG sample from a patient breathing room air?

decrease in PCO2

you determine that a blood gas sample that requires analysis has been sitting in ice slush for 90 minutes. What should you do?

discard the sample and notify the appropriate clinician