Research - APA Format

Edit the following for correct use of parentheses: The formula is (x-2)+(y+3). A.Leave as is. B. The formula is, (x-2)+(y+3). C. The formula is (x-2) + (y+3). D. The formula is: (x-2)+(y+3).

A.Leave as is.

Which abbreviations are used only in parentheses? A. vs., kg, i.e. B. i.e., cf., viz. C. e.g., etc., min D. none of the above E. all of the above

B. i.e., cf., viz.

At the end of a block quote, A. cite the quoted source in parentheses after the final punctuation mark. B. cite the quoted source in parentheses before the final punctuation mark. C. use a footnote with a superscript number, and cite the quoted source in the footnote. D. insert closing quotation marks before the citation.

A. cite the quoted source in parentheses after the final punctuation mark.

Put no space after A. the colon in ratios. B. periods in the initials of personal names. C. periods that separate parts of a reference. D. all of the above. E. none of the above.

A. the colon in ratios.

Level 5 headings (indented, boldface, italicized lowercase paragraph headings ending with a period) are used A. only when the article requires five levels of headings. B. in short articles where one level of heading is sufficient. C. after any other type of heading in single-experiment papers. D. only in multiexperiment papers

A. only when the article requires five levels of headings.

Redundancy, wordiness, jargon, evasiveness, and circumlocution contribute to A. poor economy of expression B. clear, scientific writing. C. smoothness of expression. D. erudite precision. E. a more readable, less pompous style of writing.

A. poor economy of expression

Colloquial expressions such as "the wind in his sails died" or approximations of quantity such as "the lion's share of" A. reduce word precision and clarity. B. add warmth to dull scientific prose. C. have a place even in serious scientific writing. D. can be used to enhance communication. E. are more acceptable in written than in oral communication.

A. reduce word precision and clarity.

A heading that is flush left A. should be boldface and typed in uppercase and lowercase letters. B. should be italicized. C. may be typed in all uppercase letters or all lowercase letters depending on the heading's level. D. must end with a period.

A. should be boldface and typed in uppercase and lowercase letters.

Synonyms should be used A. with care because they may suggest subtle differences. B. as much as possible to make the manuscript interesting. C. whenever the same word is mentioned three or more times in one paragraph. D. only in the conclusion.

A. with care because they may suggest subtle differences.

What does this statement mean: A pronoun must agree in number with the noun it replaces. A. If a noun is singular (book), then the pronoun must be singular (it). B. If a noun is singular (one person), then the pronoun can be plural (their skills). C. If a noun is plural (books), then the pronoun can be singular (it).

A. If a noun is singular (book), then the pronoun must be singular (it).

A uniform, serif typeface A. should be used for all text, with the exception of figures. B. helps the publisher estimate the article length. C. improves readability. D. all of the above.

D. all of the above.

Edit the following for punctuation: Optimal-level theories of motivation follow a homeostatic model. Opponent-process theories were advanced to account for addiction and other phenomena. A. Leave as is B. Optimal-level theories of motivation follow a homeostatic model, opponent-process theories were advanced to account for addiction and other phenomena. C. Optimal-level theories of motivation follow a homeostatic model--Opponent-process theories were advanced to account for addiction and other phenomena. D. Optimal-level theories of motivation follow a homeostatic model; Opponent-process theories were advanced to account for addiction and other phenomena

A. Leave as is

A good title should A. include terms such as A Study of or An Experimental Investigation of. B. include abbreviation to keep it concise. C. be full explanatory when standing alone. D. b and c.

C. be full explanatory when standing alone.

Of the following examples, which represents correct hyphenation? A. randomly-assigned participants B. higher-scoring students C. self-report technique D. all of the above

C. self-report technique

Of the following examples, which represents correct hyphenation? A. randomly-assigned participants B. higher-scoring students C. self-report technique D. all of the above

C. self-report technique

Concerning page numbers, A. Number your pages consecutively starting with the title page. B. Place the number in the center of each page at the top margin. C. If a page is inserted after number is complete, number the inserted page with an a (e.g., 6a) D. Pages used for figures are not numbered. E. A and D are correct.

E. A and D are correct.

Entries within the reference list, A. are arranged in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author followed by the initials of the author's given name. B. a comma to separate authors, to separate surnames and initials, and to separate initials and suffixes. C. brackets are used to indicate non-routine information that is important for identification and retrieval. Incorrect Response D. should move the title to the author position, before the date of publication, if the work has no author. Correct Answer E. All of the above are correct.

E. All of the above are correct.

Edit the following for noun-pronoun agreement. The student decided not to that their final. A. Leave as is. B. The students decided not to take their finals. C. The student decided not to take his final. D. The students decided not to take his final. E. Both B and C are correct.

E. Both B and C are correct.

It is important that headings convey to the reader A. a sense of style. B. the hierarchy of sections via format or appearance. C. organization of ideas within a study. D. b and c. E. all of the above.

E. all of the above.

Articles in APA journals use A. centered, boldface, upper and lowercase headings only. B. centered, italicized, upper and lowercase headings only. C. centered, boldface upper and lowercase headings and flush left upper and lowercase headings only. D. A and C. E. as many as five levels of headings.

E. as many as five levels of headings.

In articles in which one level of heading is sufficient, use A. A flush left, bold face, uppercase and lowercase heading (Level 2). B. A centered, boldface, uppercase and lowercase heading (Level 1). C. Any type (level) of heading. D. None of the above.

B. A centered, boldface, uppercase and lowercase heading (Level 1).

Latin abbreviations, except et al., should A. Be spelled out each time they are used. B. Not be used. C. Be used only in parenthetical material. D. Be spelled out the first time they are used.

C. Be used only in parenthetical material.

A reference list: A. Cites all works supportive of or contradictory to the text B. Is a synonym for bibliography. C. Should include only the references cited in the article. D. Should never be used in short articles.

C. Should include only the references cited in the article.

Which of the following is a good strategy for improving writing style? A. Putting aside the first draft and rereading it at a later time. B. Use an outline. C. Ask a colleague to review and critique the draft. D. Do all of the above.

D. Do all of the above.

One space should follow A. Colons used in the text. B. All punctuation marks at the end of sentences. C. Periods that separate parts of a reference. D. a and c are correct E. None of the above

D. a and c are correct

Verb tense should A. be varied to keep the reader's interest. B. never change. C. always be the past or past perfect. D. be consistent within a section of paper such as the Results.

D. be consistent within a section of paper such as the Results.

Edit the following for punctuation: The participants were introduced to each of the trainers, but they were not allowed to choose their own trainer. A. Leave as is B. The participants were introduced to each of the trainers but they were not allowed to choose their own trainer. C. The participants were introduced to each of the trainers; but they were not allowed to choose their own trainer. D. The participants were introduced to each of the trainers. But they were not allowed to choose their own trainer.

A. Leave as is

Edit the following for avoiding ethnic bias. The sample of 400 undergraduates included 250 Black students (125 women and 125 men) and 150 Asian students (75 women and 75 men). A. Leave as is. B. The sample of 400 undergraduates included 250 Negro students (125 women and 125 men) and 150 Asian students (75 women and 75 men). C. The sample of 400 undergraduates included 250 African American students (125 women and 125 men) and 150 Oriental students (75 women and 75 men). D. The sample of 400 undergraduates included 250 Black students (125 women and 125 men) and 150 Oriental students (75 women and 75 men).

A. Leave as is.

The best person to select to critique your manuscript is A.your spouse or another person whom you know very well. B. a colleague who is familiar with your work. C. a colleague who does not follow your work closely. D. a stranger off the street.

C. a colleague who does not follow your work closely.

Edit the following for the citation of a reference in text: Thus, the relationship between acculturation and ethnic-minority health behavior varies by ethnic group, by health behavior, by gender, and by the two- and three-way interactions of these variables (Landrine & Klonoff, 2004). Such complex data seem largely unintelligible and consequently remain largely peripheral to behavioral-health interventions (Landrine & Klonoff). A. Leave as is B. Thus, the relationship between acculturation and ethnic-minority health behavior varies by ethnic group, by health behavior, by gender, and by the two- and three-way interactions of these variables (Landrine and Klonoff, 2004). Such complex data seem largely unintelligible and consequently remain largely peripheral to behavioral-health interventions (Landrine and Klonoff, 2004). B. Thus, the relationship between acculturation and ethnic-minority health behavior varies by ethnic group, by health behavior, by gender, and by the two- and three-way interactions of these variables (Landrine & Klonoff, 2004). Such complex data seem largely unintelligible and consequently remain largely peripheral to behavioral-health interventions (Landrine & Klonoff, 2004). C. Thus, the relationship between acculturation and ethnic-minority health behavior varies by ethnic group, by health behavior, by gender, and by the two- and three-way interactions of these variables (Landrine & Klonoff, 2004). Such complex data seem largely unintelligible and consequently remain largely peripheral to behavioral-health interventions (Landrine & Klonoff, 2004). D. Thus, the relationship between acculturation and ethnic-minority health behavior varies by ethnic group, by health behavior, by gender, and by the two- and three-way interactions of these variables (Landrine & Klonoff: 2004). Such complex data seem largely unintelligible and consequently remain largely peripheral to behavioral-health interventions (Landrine & Klonoff: 2004).

C. Thus, the relationship between acculturation and ethnic-minority health behavior varies by ethnic group, by health behavior, by gender, and by the two- and three-way interactions of these variables (Landrine & Klonoff, 2004). Such complex data seem largely unintelligible and consequently remain largely peripheral to behavioral-health interventions (Landrine & Klonoff, 2004).

Cite personal communications that are not archived or recoverable A. in the text. B. in the reference list. C. Do not cite personal communications. D. Do A and B.

A. in the text.

Edit the following for highlighted key terms: Among the most common types of synesthesia are colored grapheme synesthesia, in which black letters and digits induce colored percepts, and time - space synesthesia, in which units of time (weekdays, months, digits) are laid out regularly in space (e.g., Simner et al., 2006). A. Leave as is. B. Among the most common types of synesthesia are "colored grapheme synesthesia," in which black letters and digits induce colored percepts, and "time - space synesthesia," in which units of time (weekdays, months, digits) are laid out regularly in space (e.g., Simner et al., 2006). C. Among the most common types of synesthesia are 'colored grapheme synesthesia,' in which black letters and digits induce colored percepts, and 'time - space synesthesia,' in which units of time (weekdays, months, digits) are laid out regularly in space (e.g., Simner et al., 2006). D. Among the most common types of synesthesia are COLORED GRAPHEME SYNESTHESIA, in which black letters and digits induce colored percepts, and TIME - SPACE SYNESTHESIA, in which units of time (weekdays, months, digits) are laid out regularly in space (e.g., Simner et al., 2006).

A. Leave as is.

Edit the following for the citation of reference in text: Several studies have attempted to explain the construct of temperament (Derryberry & Reed, 2005a, 2005b, in-press-a; Rothbart, 2003a, 2003b). A. Leave as is. B. Several studies have attempted to explain the construct of temperament (Derryberry & Reed, 2005a, b, in-press-a; Rothbart, 2003a, b). C. Several studies have attempted to explain the construct of temperament (Derryberry & Reed, 2005a; Derryberry & Reed, 2005b, in-press-a; Rothbart, 2003a; Rothbart, 2003b). D. Several studies have attempted to explain the construct of temperament (Rothbart, 2003a, 2003b; Derryberry & Reed, 2005a, 2005b, in-press-a).

A. Leave as is.

Edit the following for the citation of references for the first mention of sources in text: This diversity, along with heavily bi-cultural context of the South Florida are, makes Miami a fertile background in which to conduct research on acculturation (Coatsworth, Maldonado-Molina, Pantin, & Szapocznik, 2005; Schwartz, Pantin, Sullivan, Prado, & Szapodznik, 2006; Sullivan et al., 2007). A. Leave as is. B. This diversity, along with heavily bi-cultural context of the South Florida are, makes Miami a fertile background in which to conduct research on acculturation (Schwartz, Pantin, Sullivan, Prado, & Szapodznik, 2006; Sullivan et al., 2007, Coatsworth, Maldonado-Molina, Pantin, & Szapocznik, 2005). C. This diversity, along with heavily bi-cultural context of the South Florida are, makes Miami a fertile background in which to conduct research on acculturation (Coatsworth et al., 2005; Schwartz, Pantin, Sullivan, Prado, & Szapodznik, 2006; Sullivan, Schwartz, Prado, Pantin, Huang, & Szapocznik, 2007). D. This diversity, along with heavily bi-cultural context of the South Florida are, makes Miami a fertile background in which to conduct research on acculturation (Sullivan et al., 2007; Schwartz, Pantin, Sullivan, Prado, & Szapodznik, 2006; Coatsworth, Maldonado-Molina, Pantin, & Szapocznik, 2005; ).

A. Leave as is.

In an introduction, controversial issues may be discusses when relevant; however, an author must: A. Present both sides of the issue. B. Develop sound ad hominem arguments. C. Cite authorities out of context. D. Disguise his or her bias. E. Do none of the above.

A. Present both sides of the issue.

Which of the following sentences is incorrect according to the preferred style stated in the APA Publication Manual? A. The ages of the participants ranged between 2.0-3.5 years. B. The ages of the participants ranged between 2.0 and 3.5 years. C. The ages of the participants ranged between 2.5 and 3.5 yrs. D. All of the above are incorrect.

A. The ages of the participants ranged between 2.0-3.5 years.

Identify the numbering error in the following example of the first page of text of a manuscript that has a title page and an abstract page: UNDERGRADUATE HELPING SKILLS TRAINING 3 A. The numbering is correct. B. The first text page is numbered with a 1. C. A number is not put on the first page. D. Page numbers are typed flush with the left margin.

A. The numbering is correct.

Identify the example with correct use of 'both' and 'and'. A. The scientific report was difficult to both read and to understand. B. The math problems were both easy to analyze and to solve. C. The scores were both difficult to calculate and analyze. D. The building instructions was difficult to both read and understand.

A. The scientific report was difficult to both read and to understand.

Order the citations of two or more works within the same parentheses in order of their A. appearance in the reference list. B. importance. C. dates of publication. D. status as printed or electronically published works.

A. appearance in the reference list.

The introduction of a manuscript: A. discusses the importance of the problem and why it needs research. B. describes in detail how the study was conducted. C. describes the sample adequately. D. includes information essential to comprehend and replicate the study.

A. discusses the importance of the problem and why it needs research.

When introducing slang or a coined expression, used A. double quotation marks the first time the expression is used. B. double quotation marks every time is is used. C. dashes every time it is used. D. single quotation marks the first time it is used.

A. double quotation marks the first time the expression is used.

Which Latin abbreviations are used correctly in the following example? Not all traditional sex role expectancies (e.g., women may cry, men should not cry) transfer into all organizational cultures, i.e., an organization's social environment. Some organizations punish traditional sex role behavior in women but not in men in military organizations, heavy industries, etc. A. e.g. B. i.e. C. etc. D. all of the above E. none of the above

A. e.g.

In scientific writing, continuity A. is achieved partly by the proper use of punctuation marks and transitional words. B. is improved by avoiding the use of pronouns C. is enhanced by using many commas. D. is not really necessary.

A. is achieved partly by the proper use of punctuation marks and transitional words.

Do not capitalize A. names of laws, theories, and hypotheses. B. trade and brand names. C. references to a specific department within a specific university. D. all of the above. E. B and C.

A. names of laws, theories, and hypotheses.

Edit the following for sentence structure: Interviewees are often instructed to dress conservatively, to pay attention to their nonverbal communication, and that they should ask a few job-related questions of the interviewer. A. Leave as is. B. Interviewees are often instructed to dress conservatively, to pay attention to their nonverbal communication, and to ask a few job-related questions of the interviewer. C. Interviewees are often instructed to dress conservatively, pay attention to their nonverbal communication, and that they should be prepared to ask a few job-related questions of the interviewer. D. Interviewees are often instructed to dress conservatively and pay attention to their nonverbal communication, and that they should ask a few job-related questions of the interviewer.

B. Interviewees are often instructed to dress conservatively, to pay attention to their nonverbal communication, and to ask a few job-related questions of the interviewer.

The continuous use of technical vocabulary, even in places where that vocabulary is not relevant is considered what? A. Attribution B. Jargon C. Colloquial Expressions D. Redundancy

B. Jargon

Use double quotation marks A. Every time an invented expression is used. B. Only the first time an invented expression is introduced. C. To introduce a technical or key term. D. Answers b and c are correct.

B. Only the first time an invented expression is introduced.

Which of the following sentences is an example of correct agreement between subject and verb? A. The percentage of correct responses increase with practice. B. The data indicate Brenda was correct. C. The phenomena occurs every 100 years. D. Neither the participants nor the confederate were in the classroom.

B. The data indicate Brenda was correct.

Edit the following punctuation: The length of utterances increases dramatically between the ages of 18 and 60 months. See figure 1. A. Leave as is B. The length of utterances increases dramatically between the ages of 18 and 60 months (See figure 1). C. The length of utterances increases dramatically between the ages of 18 and 60 months. (See figure 1.). D. The length of utterances increases dramatically between the ages of 18 and 60 months. See Figure 1.

B. The length of utterances increases dramatically between the ages of 18 and 60 months (See figure 1).

Edit the following for the use of pronouns: The team achieved a 38% improvement in their scores after undergoing imagery training. A. leave as is B. The team achieved a 38% improvement in its scores after undergoing imagery training. C. The team achieved a 38% improvement in each of their scores after undergoing imagery training. D. The team achieved a 38% improvement in scores after undergoing imagery training.

B. The team achieved a 38% improvement in its scores after undergoing imagery training.

Edit the following for punctuation: They have agreed on the outcome . . . informed participants perform better than do uninformed participants. A. Leave as is. B. They have agreed on the outcome: Informed participants perform better than do uninformed participants. C. They have agreed on the outcome: informed participants perform better than do uninformed participants. D. They have agreed on the outcome; Informed participants perform better than do uninformed participants.

B. They have agreed on the outcome: Informed participants perform better than do uninformed participants.

Edit the following citation of a reference in text: Using a version of Barr et al.'s (2003) SPC procedure, Townsend, 2007, preexposed infants toa new pair (instead of to the same pair) of puppets for 1 hr per day on successive days. One member of each new pair had been preexposed the day before, whereas the other member was novel. In Phase 1, Townsend, 2007, preexposed 6-month-old infants to a different pair of pupptes on each of 2 days (A+B, B+C).

B. Using a version of Barr et al.'s (2003) SPC procedure, Townsend (2007) preexposed infants toa new pair (instead of to the same pair) of puppets for 1 hr per day on successive days. One member of each new pair had been preexposed the day before, whereas the other member was novel. In Phase 1, Townsend, 2007, preexposed 6-month-old infants to a different pair of pupptes on each of 2 days (A+B, B+C).

When a work has more than two authors and fewer than six authors, cite A. all of the authors every time the reference occurs in text. B. all of the authors the first time the reference occurs in text; use the surname of the first author followed by et al. in subsequent citations. C. the surname of the first author followed by et al. every time the reference occurs in text. D. None of the above.

B. all of the authors the first time the reference occurs in text; use the surname of the first author followed by et al. in subsequent citations.

Headings are important in scientific writing because they A. satisfy the requirement of APA style. B. establish the hierarchy of sections via format or appearance. C. fulfill a tradition in scientific writing. D. are used in place of paragraph indentation. E. of the above are correct.

B. establish the hierarchy of sections via format or appearance.

Edit the following for punctuation: Clients on the waiting list who were assigned to the delayed-treatment condition (whose mean age and educational level (see Table 2) did not differ from those assigned to the immediate-treatment condition) were asked to return in 6 weeks. A. Leave as is. B. Clients on the waiting list who were assigned to the delayed-treatment condition [whose mean age and educational level (see Table 2) did not differ from those assigned to the immediate-treatment condition] were asked to return in 6 weeks. C. Clients on the waiting list who were assigned to the delayed-treatment condition (whose mean age and educational level [see Table 2] did not differ from those assigned to the immediate-treatment condition) were asked to return in 6 weeks. D. Clients on the waiting list who were assigned to the delayed-treatment condition (whose mean age and educational level, see Table 2, did not differ from those assigned to the immediate-treatment condition) were asked to return in 6 weeks.

C. Clients on the waiting list who were assigned to the delayed-treatment condition (whose mean age and educational level [see Table 2] did not differ from those assigned to the immediate-treatment condition) were asked to return in 6 weeks.

Edit the following for language that shows consideration of the reader: In the past few years, 26 states have changed their constitutions to restrict marriage to one man and one woman. There has been little research on the psychological effects of this political process on homosexual individuals. A. Leave as is B. In the past few years, 26 states have changed their constitutions to restrict marriage to one man and one woman. There has been little research on the psychological effects of this political process on gay individuals. C. In the past few years, 26 states have changed their constitutions to restrict marriage to one man and one woman. There has been little research on the psychological effects of this political process on gay men, lesbian women, and bisexual and transgender individuals. D. In the past few years, 26 states have changed their constitutions to restrict marriage to one man and one woman. There has been little research on the psychological effects of this political process on deviant individuals.

C. In the past few years, 26 states have changed their constitutions to restrict marriage to one man and one woman. There has been little research on the psychological effects of this political process on gay men, lesbian women, and bisexual and transgender individuals.

Edit the following for the citation of a specific part of an Internet source: One explaination might be similar to that of another fibromyalgia study (Verbunt, Pernot, & Smeets, 2008), in which the level of disability participants perceived had more to do with their mental health status and less to do with their physical condition (PDF page 4). A. Leave as is. B. One explaination might be similar to that of another fibromyalgia study (Verbunt, Pernot, & Smeets, 2008), in which the level of disability participants perceived had more to do with their mental health status and less to do with their physical condition (n.p.). C. One explaination might be similar to that of another fibromyalgia study (Verbunt, Pernot, & Smeets, 2008), in which the level of disability participants perceived had more to do with their mental health status and less to do with their physical condition (Discussion section, para. 1). D. One explaination might be similar to that of another fibromyalgia study (Verbunt, Pernot, & Smeets, 2008), in which the level of disability participants perceived had more to do with their mental health status and less to do with their physical condition (http://www.hqlo.com/content/pdf/1477-7525-6-8.pdf).

C. One explaination might be similar to that of another fibromyalgia study (Verbunt, Pernot, & Smeets, 2008), in which the level of disability participants perceived had more to do with their mental health status and less to do with their physical condition (Discussion section, para. 1).

Edit the following for avoiding ethnic bias: Similarly, in community-based studies of diagnosed psychiatric disorders, uncultured migrant Mexican farm-workers, when compared with native-born Mexican Americans and with non-Hispanic White Americans, exhibited the lowest rates of psychiatric disorder (Alderete, Vega, Kolody, & Aguilar-Gaxiola, 2000). A. Leave as is B. C. Similarly, in community-based studies of diagnosed psychiatric disorders, low-acculturated migrant Mexican farm-workers, when compared with native-born Mexican Americans and with non-Hispanic White Americans, exhibited the lowest rates of psychiatric disorder (Alderete, Vega, Kolody, & Aguilar-Gaxiola, 2000).

C. Similarly, in community-based studies of diagnosed psychiatric disorders, low-acculturated migrant Mexican farm-workers, when compared with native-born Mexican Americans and with non-Hispanic White Americans, exhibited the lowest rates of psychiatric disorder (Alderete, Vega, Kolody, & Aguilar-Gaxiola, 2000).

Which of the following sentences illustrates the correct use of the word while in scientific writing? A. Skutley (2003) found participants performed well, while Jackson (2006) found participants perfromed poorly. B. While these findings are unusual, they are not unique. C. Skutley (2003) found participants performed well while listening to music. D. All of the above are correct.

C. Skutley (2003) found participants performed well while listening to music.

Edit the following for sentence structure: Successful problem solvers were both more adept at representing the problem and using heuristics. A. leave as is B. Successful problem solvers were both more adept at representing the problem as well as using heuristics. C. Successful problem solvers were more adept both at representing the problem and at using heuristics. D. Successful problem solvers were more adept at both representing the problem and at using heuristics.

C. Successful problem solvers were more adept both at representing the problem and at using heuristics.

From the alternatives below, select the one correctly matching the noun and pronoun. A. The dogs who were adopted were very happy. B. The students that were hurt had to be rushed to the hospital. C. The cats that were rescued went to forever homes. D. The instructions who were delivered to the students did not make sense.

C. The cats that were rescued went to forever homes.

Identify the misplaced modifier sentence. A. Using this procedure, the investigator tested the participants. B. The investigator tested the participants who were using this procedure. C. The investigator tested the participants using this procedure.

C. The investigator tested the participants using this procedure.

Which of the following examples is correctly punctuated? A. They have agreed on the outcome, informed participants perform better than uninformed participants. B. They have agreed on the outcome; Informed participants perform better than uninformed participants. C. They have agreed on the outcome: Informed participants perform better than uninformed participants. D. None of the above is correct.

C. They have agreed on the outcome: Informed participants perform better than uninformed participants.

Edit the following for the use on nonsexist language: They predicted that men would be selected more frequently as partners for the cognitive tasks and that females would be chosen more frequently for interpersonal tasks. A. Leave as is. B. They predicted that males would be selected more frequently as partners for the cognitive tasks and that non-males would be chosen more frequently for interpersonal tasks. C. They predicted that men would be selected more frequently as partners for the cognitive tasks and that women would be chosen more frequently for interpersonal tasks. D. They predicted that guys would be selected more frequently as partners for the cognitive tasks and that girls would be chosen more frequently for interpersonal tasks.

C. They predicted that men would be selected more frequently as partners for the cognitive tasks and that women would be chosen more frequently for interpersonal tasks.

Edit the following for spacing and punctuation: When the applicant's ethnic origin was stated explicitly, ethnic origin did affect selection (see Table 1,) but when ethnic origin was not stated explicitly, it did not affect selection (see Table 2) (The interviewers represented a variety of ethnic origins). A. Leave as is. B. When the applicant's ethnic origin was stated explicitly, ethnic origin did affect selection, (see Table 1) but when ethnic origin was not stated explicitly, it did not affect selection (see Table 2). (The interviewers represented a variety of ethnic origins). C. When the applicant's ethnic origin was stated explicitly, ethnic origin did affect selection (see Table 1), but when ethnic origin was not stated explicitly, it did not affect selection (see Table 2). (The interviewers represented a variety of ethnic origins.) D. When the applicant's ethnic origin was stated explicitly, ethnic origin did affect selection (see Table 1), but when ethnic origin was not stated explicitly, it did not affect selection (see Table 2). (The interviewers represented a variety of ethnic origins).

C. When the applicant's ethnic origin was stated explicitly, ethnic origin did affect selection (see Table 1), but when ethnic origin was not stated explicitly, it did not affect selection (see Table 2). (The interviewers represented a variety of ethnic origins.)

Which of the following words with a prefix require a hyphen? A. Compounds in which the base word is an abbreviation (e.g., pre-UCS) B. Self compounds (e.g., self-esteem) C. Words that could be misunderstood or misread (e.d., un-ionized) D. All of the above E. None of the above

D. All of the above

From the examples below, identify the correct forms of citation: A. In the Unites States, the American Cancer Society (2007) estimated that about 59,940 cases of melanoma would be diagnosed in 2007. B. One could conclude that the longer the spacing gap, the greater the long-term retention of previously learned material (Rohrer & Pasher, 2007). C. In 1997, Purcell found that large social gatherings could compound the difficulty of making new friends. D. All of the above are correct.

D. All of the above are correct.

When a reference source is cited in the text, A. each aurthor's surname must be cited every time a reference occurs in he text when there are two authors of a single work. B. every author's surname is used only the first time a reference is made when a work has more than two and fewer than six authors. C. only the first author's surname is used followed by et al. every time the reference is made when a work has six or more authors. D. All of the above are correct. E. Only B and C are correct.

D. All of the above are correct.

Edit the following for the correct way to identify an ironic, coined, or invented expression: Although we found null results for a Gene X Environment interaction with parental education at the favorable end of the inattention distribution, it is likely that our measure of good attention indicated only an absence of attention problems because it was based on rating of inattention, not on ratings of good attention.

D. Although we found null results for a Gene X Environment interaction with parental education at the favorable end of the inattention distribution, it is likely that our measure of "good" attention indicated only an absence of attention problems because it was based on rating on inattention, not on ratings of good attention.

Edit the following for the punctuation of an in-text citation: Basu and Jones, 2007, considered several models of legal regulation in cyberspace. A. Leave as is. B. Basu and Jones, (2007), considered several models of legal regulation in cyberspace. C. Basu and Jones [2007] considered several models of legal regulation in cyberspace. D. Basu and Jones (2007) considered several models of legal regulation in cyberspace.

D. Basu and Jones (2007) considered several models of legal regulation in cyberspace.

A reference list entry should have A. the author's surname and initials in inverted order (e.g., McMahon, P. M.). B. the journal article DOI if available. C. the author's surname only. D. Both a & b

D. Both a & b

Edit the following for the citation of a reference in text. Connell & Wellborn (1991) have stressed the importance of children's involvement in deciding what they would like to learn and do. A. Leave as is. B. J. P. Connell & J. G. Wellborn (1991) have stressed the importance of children's involvement in deciding what they would like to learn and do. C. Connell, and Wellborn (1991) have stressed the importance of children's involvement in deciding what they would like to learn and do. D. Connell and Wellborn (1991) have stressed the importance of children's involvement in deciding what they would like to learn and do.

D. Connell and Wellborn (1991) have stressed the importance of children's involvement in deciding what they would like to learn and do.

Edit the following for verb tense: If the experiment was not designed this way, the results could not be interpreted properly. A. Leave as is. B. If the experiment was not being designed this way, the results could not be interpreted properly. C. If the experiment was not designed this way, the results have not been interpreted properly. D. If the experiment were not designed this way, the results could not be interpreted properly.

D. If the experiment were not designed this way, the results could not be interpreted properly.

Edit the following for punctuation: Individuals with Type A personalities are more likely to develop coronary heart disease, CHD, than are the individuals with Type B personalities. A. Leave as is. B. Individuals with Type A personalities are more likely to develop coronary heart disease, "CHD", than are the individuals with Type B personalities. C. Individuals with Type A personalities are more likely to develop coronary heart disease--CHD-- than are the individuals with Type B personalities. D. Individuals with Type A personalities are more likely to develop coronary heart disease(CHD) than are the individuals with Type B personalities.

D. Individuals with Type A personalities are more likely to develop coronary heart disease(CHD) than are the individuals with Type B personalities.

Edit the following for punctuation: Kazdin (2008) discusses evidence based treatments as currently studied in relation to an overarching goal of interventions, namely, to reduce the burden of mental illness and the full range of social, emotional, and behavioral problems leading to impairment. A. Leave as is. B. Kazdin (2008) discusses evidence based treatments as currently studied in relation to an overarching goal of interventions, namely, to reduce the burden of mental illness, and the full range of social, emotional, and behavioral problems leading to impairment. C. Kazdin (2008) discusses evidence based treatments as currently studied in relation to an overarching goal of interventions, namely; to reduce the burden of mental illness and the full range of social, emotional, and behavioral problems leading to impairment. D. Kazdin (2008) discusses evidence-based treatments as currently studied in relation to an overarching goal of interventions, namely, to reduce the burden of mental illness and the full range of social, emotional, and behavioral problems leading to impairment.

D. Kazdin (2008) discusses evidence-based treatments as currently studied in relation to an overarching goal of interventions, namely, to reduce the burden of mental illness and the full range of social, emotional, and behavioral problems leading to impairment.

Edit the following for the citation of a specific part of a reference in text: Lock (1999, chap. 3), an anthropologist, also developed the idea that the meaning of illness is a crucial issue in the understanding of health and illness. A. Leave as is B. Lock (1999, ch. 3), an anthropologist, also developed the idea that the meaning of illness is a crucial issue in the understanding of health and illness. C. Lock (1999, chapter 3), an anthropologist, also developed the idea that the meaning of illness is a crucial issue in the understanding of health and illness. D. Lock (1999, Chapter 3), an anthropologist, also developed the idea that the meaning of illness is a crucial issue in the understanding of health and illness.

D. Lock (1999, Chapter 3), an anthropologist, also developed the idea that the meaning of illness is a crucial issue in the understanding of health and illness.

Edit the following for avoiding ethnic basis: Participation in the ethnic celebrations was compared for Oriental immigrants and their first-, second-, and third-generation counterparts of the same cohort. A. Leave as is. B. Participation in the ethnic celebrations was compared for immigrants from Oriental countries and their first-, second-, and third-generation counterparts of the same cohort. C. Participation in the ethnic celebrations was compared for Oriental immigrants and their first-, second-, and third-generation Orientals of the same cohort. D. Participation in the ethnic celebrations was compared for Asian immigrants and their first-, second-, and third-generation Asian Americans of the same cohort.

D. Participation in the ethnic celebrations was compared for Asian immigrants and their first-, second-, and third-generation Asian Americans of the same cohort.

Identify the error in the following quotation: Confusing this issue is the overlapping nature of roles in palliative care, whereby "medical needs are met by those in the medical disciplines; nonmedical needs may be addressed by anyone on the team" (Csikai & Chaitin, 2006). A. There are no errors. B. The quote should be in block form. C. The entire sentence should be in quotation marks. D. The page number needs to be cited.

D. The page number needs to be cited.

Edit the following for the citation of reference in text: The study showed that among workers employed in natural resource, construction, and maintenance occupations, 12.3% of workers employed in farming, forestry, and fishing occupations, and 8.1% of those in construction and extraction occupations were classified as working poor (see Table 4; U.S. Department of Labor, 2009; for complete data.) A. Leave as is. B. The study showed that among workers employed in natural resource, construction, and maintenance occupations, 12.3% of workers employed in farming, forestry, and fishing occupations and 8.1% of those in construction and extraction occupations were classified as working poor (see Table 4: U.S. Department of Labor, 2009, for complete data.) C. The study showed that among workers employed in natural resource, construction, and maintenance occupations, 12.3% of workers employed in farming, forestry, and fishing occupations and 8.1% of those in construction and extraction occupations were classified as working poor (see Table 4; U.S. Department of Labor, 2009, for complete data.) D. The study showed that among workers employed in natural resource, construction, and maintenance occupations, 12.3% of workers employed in farming, forestry, and fishing occupations and 8.1% of those in construction and extraction occupations were classified as working poor (see Table 4 of U.S. Department of Labor, 2009, for complete data.)

D. The study showed that among workers employed in natural resource, construction, and maintenance occupations, 12.3% of workers employed in farming, forestry, and fishing occupations and 8.1% of those in construction and extraction occupations were classified as working poor (see Table 4 of U.S. Department of Labor, 2009, for complete data.)

Edit the following for the choice and placement of modifiers: Hopefully, the different types of music will induce different levels of arousal in the listeners. A. Leave as is. B. The different types of music will, hopefully, induce different levels of arousal in the listeners. C. Hopefully the different types of music will induce different levels of arousal in the listeners. D. We hope the different types of music will induce different levels of arousal in the listeners.

D. We hope the different types of music will induce different levels of arousal in the listeners.

Edit the following for sentence structure: We recorded the difference between the performance of subjects who completed the first task and the second task. A. Leave as is. B. We recorded the difference between the performance of subjects who completed the first task and those who completed the second task. C. We recorded the difference between the performance of subjects who completed the first task as well as those who completed the second task. D. We recorded the difference between the performance of subjects who completed the first task and the performance of those who completed the second task.

D. We recorded the difference between the performance of subjects who completed the first task and the performance of those who completed the second task.

The general rule to follow in alphabetizing surnames that contain articles and prepositions (e.g., Ibn Abdulaziz, von Helmholtz) is to A. alphabetize letter by letter. B. always treat the prefix as part of the middle name. C. treat the prefix as part of the surname if it is commonly used that way or as part of the middle name if it is not customarily used that way. D. a and c are correct.

D. a and c are correct.

The reference list at the end of a journal article: A. includes personal communications, such as letters, memoranda, and informal electronic communications. B. provides the information necessary to identify and retrieve each source. C. includes only references that document the article and provide recoverable data. D. both B and C are correct. E. all of the above are correct.

D. both B and C are correct.

You can check your writing for smoothness of expression by A. looking for sudden shifts in topic, tense, or person. B. having a colleague search the paper for abrupt transitions. C. reading the paper aloud. D. doing all of the above. E. doing a and b.

D. doing all of the above.

You can check your writing for smoothness of expression by A. looking for sudden shifts in topic, tense, or person. B. having a colleague search the paper for abrupt transitions. C. reading the paper aloud. D. doing all of the above. E. doing A and B.

D. doing all of the above.

Indentation at paragraphs A. is not necessary if there is triple-spaced typing between paragraphs. B. should be at least 0.5 in (1.27 cm). C. is not necessary if block-style typing format is used for the entire page. D. is required in all but a few instances.

D. is required in all but a few instances.

When typing a reference list, which of the following abbreviations is not acceptable? A. No. B. pp. C. Vol. D. pg.

D. pg.

Entries within the reference list: A. are arranged in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author followed by the initials of the author's given name. B. use a comma to separate authors, to separate surnames and initials, and to separate initials and suffixes. C. brackets are used to indicate non-routine information that is important for identification and retrieval. D. should move the title to the author position, before the date of the publication, if the work has no author. E. All of the above are correct.

E. All of the above are correct.

Reference entries: A. May consist of the author's name only. B. Should include a list of personal communications, such as letters and memoranda. C. Should be double-spaced and entries should have hanging indents. D. Should not include a list of personal communications, such as letters and memoranda. E. Both C & D are correct.

E. Both C & D are correct.

In the following example, which abbreviation should be spelled out when it is first introduced. After the depressed clients received ECT treatments, changes in central nervous system activity were assessed with an EEG and effects on sleep were measure by observing REM periods. A. EEG B. ECT C. REM D. All of the above. E. None of the above.

E. None of the above.

Which of the following is/are example(s) of incorrect proper noun capitalization? A. All psychology departments are reviewing their instructional effectiveness when teaching about the Freudian slip. B. Grander (2004) has further suggested a good story overcomes resistance. C. Dolphins are pro-Skinnerian. D. The study involved whether the presentation of information in preparation for cesarean delivery reduced the physiological reactivity during surgical intervention. E. They are all correct proper noun capitalization examples.

E. They are all correct proper noun capitalization examples.

When quoting, A. provide the author's name in the text. B. provide the year in the text. C. provide the page citation in the text, or another locator such as paragraph number. D. include a complete reference in the reference list. E. do all of the above.

E. do all of the above.