science weather test
Higher the numbered values
The more heat energy needed to raise temp
Why do we have seasons
The tilt of the Earth's axis
Seasons
Vertical ray shifts everyday due to 23.5 axial tilt of the earth and revolution around the sun
polar
all cold temperature
which ozone is good
stratospheric ozone
vertical ray
sunlight that strikes earth from directly overhead
Stratosphere
-contains most of the atmospheres ozone -where jets and manned balloons have gone
Magnetosphere
-earths magnetic field -causes aurora borealis (northern lights)
ionosphere
-lower part of the Thermosphere -Radio waves bounce back to the Earth's surface.
troposphere
-most weather occurs here -where we live -convection currents
ozonosphere
-ozone is made of 3 oxygen atoms -protects the surface from suns UV rays -humans are causing ozone depletion
mesosphere
-protects earth from meteors -coldest region of the atmosphere
thermosphere
-temperature gets up to 2000 degrees C -air molecules are 1 km apart
exosphere
-upper part of the thermosphere -artificial satellites orbit here
percent of neon, helium, xenon, and co2 in atmosphere
.28%
percent of argon in atmosphere
.83%
What is the specific heat of water
1 cal/g/C
percent of oxygen in atmosphere
21%
normal lapse rate
3.5 f lower for every 1000 feet you go
percent of nitrogen in atmosphere
78%
Extreme temperatures usually occur
Away from a large body of water
Land vs. Water
Earth surfaces absorb different amounts of energy
what layer do meteors burn up
Mesosphere
Ocean currents and wind direction
Ocean currents are guided by prevailing wind direction
What variables determine the climate of an area
Temperature and precipitation
altitude
Temperature decrease or increase with increasing elevation
water acts as
Temperature modifier
what is specific heat
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.
Due to tilt
Total length of daylight changes
Time of day
Warmest 2-5 in afternoon because it takes time for surface to get up Coolest just before dawn bc surface has cooled off
greenhouse effect
a collection of greenhouse gasses found in the atmosphere that keep the earth at a comfortable temperature
tropical
all warm temperatures
why doesn't water heat up faster
because it is clear so it doesn't attract light
what is delta t
change in temperature
weather
day to day changes in the atmosphere
what happens to the temperature in the troposphere
decreases w increasing altitude
what happens to the temperature in the mesosphere
decreases with increasing altitude
Latitude
degrees north or south of the equator Places near equator get most intense sun rays and absorb the most heat
important formula
delta T/3.5=delta E/ 1000
what is delta e
elevation
where do vertical rays fall on the first day of fall
equator
where do vertical rays fall on the first day of spring
equator
what is the ozone
gas that protects the earth from the suns uv rays and radiation
which ozone is bad
ground level ozone
middle latitude
has fluctuating temperatures
what happens to the temperature in the stratosphere
increases with increasing altitude
what happens to the temperature in the thermosphere
increases with increasing altitude
Does land or water heat up faster?
land -it is dark so it attracts more heat
describe the factors that control weather
latitude seasons altitude land v water time of day ocean currents and wind direction
what climate are we in
middle latitude
where is the precipitation in a climograph and what kind of graph is it
numbers on the right and bar graph
where is the temperature in a climograph and what kind of graph is it
on the left and line graph
northern hemisphere temperatures
semicircle facing down
southern hemisphere temperatures
semicircle facing up
climate
the average temperature and precipitation over a long period of time in a large area
where do vertical rays fall on the first day of summer
tropic of cancer
order of latitude line
tropic of cancer equator tropic of capricorn
where do vertical rays fall on the first day of winter
tropic of capricorn
order of the layers of the atmosphere
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
list various greenhouse gasses
water vapor methane ozone nitrous oxide carbon dioxide
are humans contributing to climate change
yes factories and cars are producing excess co2 emissions more human made co2 is in the atmosphere meaning more heat is getting stored in the atmosphere from the co2