Restorative Art II Midterm Study Guide

Accessory Cosmetics

*lipstick, lipgloss *mascara *eyeliner, eye shadow ect.

Primary colors

Red, yellow, and blue-pure and basic colors

warm colors

red, yellow, orange; have longer wave lengths (Orange is the warmest)

Basket weave suture

*(cross stitch) a network of stitches which cross the borders of a cavity or excision to anchor fillers and to sustain tissues in their proper position *used to make a sub-floor "lattice or support floor" for wax *ideal for heavy waxes *essential for repairing large, deep wounds

Albinism

*Genetic condition where body lacks melanin *Absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes

translucent

*Permitting light to pass through, but not transparent *object under cosmetics can be seen but not clearly

wound filler

*The firmest type of restorative wax; a putty-like material used to fill large cavities or model features; least adhesive; not ideal for cosmetics **Used to restore tissue within 1/4 of the surface

Spreading brushes

*Used to apply cream cosmetics. *Brush is short, broad, firm and rigid

Addison's disease

*a condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone **Produces a BRONZE color change after death

When to do soft tissue repair

*after skeletal repair *after embalming *after suturing *before cosmetics

transparent

*allowing light to pass through *object underneath can be seen *examples: tints, liquid tints

Secondary colors

orange, green, violet (purple)

Cream/Solid Cosmetics

*opaque *spreading, stippling or lining brush used *often serves as a base *pros: covers discolorations, can be applied over wax, and is easily blended *cons: easily smuged, must be blended properly, can have "caked on" look

melanin

A pigment that gives the skin its color

smaller

Lower value objects appear

value

The lightness or darkness of a color

brown

mixing 2 secondary or intermediate colors will most likely create:

carotene

the yellow pigment of the skin

Cosmetizing Bruises

*bruises must be masked *opaque creams, aerosols or air brush *use color theory ex. if you apply yellow to purple you get gray *use yellow as a base *neutralize color *blend whole area **severe dark discolorations should be restored in steps going lighter in each step

Mortuary cosmetics

*cosmetics that are used to restore or correct natural color

Types of Cosmetics:

*cream/solids *powder *liquid *aerosol *airbrush

Undercutting Tissue

*cutting under the skin to make surface smooth for wax application *firm, dry tissue *excise jagged edges *use a sharp scalpel; undercut tissue toward toward margin *undercut margins are glued to bone or pushed into base wax *creates seamless "crater" for finishing wax

Basic concepts of cosmetizing the dead

*embalmed *clean/shaved *firm and dry *glued/waxed *photo present *cosmetize closer to visitation than to embalming

Opaque

*impossible to see through; preventing the passage of light *cosmetics that are opaque provide full coverage

Hypodermic repair

*injection of a solution "tissue builder" under skin to bulk up *done after embalming *needle should be injected in a hidden location like in the hairline or furrows *inject slowly as needle is pulled out of tissue *manual pressure applied immediately after to smooth area

airbrush

*multiple cosmetic purposes and uses *uses liquid *pros: excellent for over wax, shadowing, tinting and difficult cases *cons: difficult to blend, hard to use for beginners

restoration fillers/mastics

*not really a "wax" *extremely pliable, adhesive and usually wather proof *used to mold or shape soft features, under skin to seal fractured seams *some have a "curing period" to harden where some stay pliable

aerosol

*opaque *like spray paint *finishing tool *can be used to fill in small areas missed by other cosmetics of to mask discolorations *pros: works well with setting powder, uniform coverage *cons: difficult to blend, messy

Factors that determine complexion and coloring are:

*race *age *climate *health

Fundamentals of Wax

*tissue must be firm and dry *ideal time frame 8-10hours after embalming *adhesiveness of wax; the softer it is the more sticky and adhesive the wax is *cosmetics almost always go over wax *firmest wax should be used on bottom as a base *smoothest wax on top layer

powders

*translucent or opaque *used to blend or set *applied with brushes (powder brush) *pros: excellent for setting cosmetics and blending for a finished look *cons: easy to add too much, can stick to wax (messy on wax)

Liquid Tints

*transparent * brings "life like" color to skin *serves as a vehicle to carry into pores *tint brush or spray *good to use over tattoos *pros: can create "natural" color of skin, quick drying, long lasting *cons: no coverage, can NOT be used over wax

Cosmetic uses

*use to replace color/palor lost in death *counteract color changes *cover skin discoloations *accent or de-emphasize features *compensate for static lighting

lining brushes

*used for fine details such as lips, and around eye etc. *brush has firm shape with flat or pointed end, but it soft

Tinting brushes

*used for liquid cosmetics *brush is soft but rigid, similar to a brush used to paint a wall

powder dusting brush

*used to apply powder cosmetics *brush is soft, pliable full and poofy

stippling brush

*used to vertically push or force cosmetics into tissue *brush is long, usually fan shaped, hard but somewhat pliable

surface restorer

*wax used to fill shallow depressions; which is softer and more pliable than wound filler; applied in thing layers to replace missing skin (on abrasions/scrapes); ok to cosmetic over **a burned abrasion of soft tissue best treated with this

Principals of advanced facial suturing:

*waxed dental floss can be used *small needle *extend lacerations to a point to avoid a "pucker" *suture with a very tight b-ball stitch *or use subdermal ladder stitch with glue internally and "tails" removed

Waxing lips

1. add ample wax (remember wax can be removed) 2. start with a rough form 3. refine and smooth *wax should be used to restore shape and form

Soft tissue repair rules:

1. tissue must be clean, firm and dry 2. wax must have a firm foundation 3. wax must have an appropriate base to support its weight 4. wax goes from rough to refined 5. wax should be smooth and kept on a level plane with existing tissue 6. ok to start with more wax than needed 7. rotten, burned or wet tissue must be excised (cut away) 8. sutures and entry points should be hidden

Order of cosmetic applications:

1. wax, glue, restore 2. restore tone/natural tone; tint, cream/emollient 3. optional: "filling in blanks" with aerosol 4. setting powder 5. enhanced cosmetics; highlighting, shading, blush 6. details; lips (men, color should be more brown than red) 7. finish; eye makeup ***remember LESS IS MORE

tone

A hue mixed with grey

complementary colors

A primary and secondary color positioned directly opposite each other on the color wheel.

shade

Adding black to a color; lowering its value

When should surface restorer be applied?

After wound filler and before cosmetics

cherry red

Carbon monoxide poisoning results in a ________ discoloration.

T-zone

Center area of the face; corresponds to the "T" shape formed by the forehead, nose, and chin.

tertiary colors

Created by mixing a primary color with a neighboring secondary color; yellow-orange, red-orange, red-violet, blue-violet, blue-green, yellow-green

green/black

Decompostion causes skin to turn what color?

Ferrule

The metal part of the brush that attaches the glued bristles to the handle and adds a certain amount of strength to the bristles; Determines shape of the brush.

cosmetic highlighting

Tip of the chin is generally an area ideal for:

freckles

Uneven concentrations of melanin appearing as a dark spot, usually on the face.

Orange

When mixed in equal strength with blue, which hue will cause neutralization?

Munsell Color System

a color naming system based on hue, saturation, and value

hue

a particular shade of a given color; tints, shades and tones can be created from starting with this:

The compliment of a primary color is always:

a secondary color

Lip wax

a soft restorative wax, usually tinted, used to surface the mucous membranes or to correct lip separations; very adhesive; vey receptive to cosmetics; easily shaped can be ruined by a touch

tone and change in the intensity of red

adding gray to the color red will create

chroma

amount of purity or strength a hue has; intensity

From the labella down to the tip of the nose

appling highlighting cosmetics

The application of blush should:

begin at the contour of the cheekbones and move obliquely to the temples

smaller

black and cool colors make things appear:

cool colors

blue, green, violet; objects appear smaller or receding

closest to the line of closure

darkest area of the lip is located where?

Application of lip color to men generally begins:

from the line of closure outwards toward the margins of the mucous membranes

Hemoglobin

gives blood its red color

larger

higher value objects appear:

lighter than the natural skin tone

highlighting cosmetics should be:

pink

is a tint of red created by adding white to red to RAISE the value

Green

jaundice + Formaldehyde=

glue, wax, tint, cream, powder

order of cosmetics to restore trauma is:

Considering pure hues, it is accurate to say that:

red and green are equally as far from each other as they are from white, black and gray

Tints and cream cosmetics are most often used to:

restore a more natural skin tone

emollients cosmetics

similar to creams

red-violet

tertiary color; the best way to neutralize yellow-green is to mix it in equal strengths with this color

Apples appear red because:

the apple absorbs every color EXCEPT red

juxtaposition

the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

Periwinkle

tint of blue; created by adding white to blue to RAISE its value

analogus colors

two or more colors that have one color in common; these colors are next to each other on the color wheel (ex. yellow-green, yellow and yellow-orange)

Highlighting

using cosmetics lighter than skin tone

shadowing

using darker than skin tone cosmetics

standard lip wax

will be more pliable than a filler wax

jaundice

yellowing of the skin