rHiZoPUs
Arthrospore:
rectangular spores
Mucormycosis:
refers to several diseases caused by fungi.
extracellular digestion
release enzymes into food and then absorbs the nutrients
moist, dark environments
reproduce asexually
dry environments
reproduce sexually
Yeast:
single celled members of the fungi division - found in fruit and veggie skin, on grain, and in water and soil Contain cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm nucleus, vacuoles.
Microsporum
skin and hair
Epidermophyton
skin and nails
Trichophyton
skin, hair, nail infections
Microconidium and Macroconidium:
smaller and larger conidia formed by the same fungus under varying conditions
Chlamydospore:
spherical conidium formed by the thickening of a hyphal cell
Blastospore:
spore produced by budding from a parent cell
Why do fungi grow upward
spores spread through the wind so fungi grow up
mycology
the study of fungi
most common type of fungi that causes subcutaneous infections
tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
majority of fungi
unicellular or colonial
Aspergillum:
widespread; Food spoilage; human disease, spinal fluid
typical misdiagnosis fungal infection
Eczema, carbuncles, alopecia, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, aging
Favus
Favus is caused by Trichophyton schoenleinii is foul smelling yellowish crusts surrounding many scalp hairs, and sometimes leading to scarring alopecia (permanent hair loss)
complications with fungal infections
Fierce animal ringworm of the scalp can lead to a permanent scarring alopecia A florid fungal infection anywhere can induce vesication on the sides of the fingers and palms Epidemics of ringworms occur in schools Usual appearance of a fungal infection can be masked by mistreatment with topical steroids.
Tenia of nails
Initial changes occur at the free edge of the nail, which becomes yellow and crumbly sometimes with subungual hyperkeratosis.
mucormycosis
It is a serious but rare fungal infection caused by a group of molds called mucormycetes. It often affects the spinal cavity, it can affect the sinuses or the lungs after inhaling fungal spores from the air or the skin after the fungus enters the skin through a cut, scrape, burn or other skin trauma.
Sexual spore formation
Majority of Fungi reproduce Sexually at some point Simple fusion of fertile hyphae of two different strains Complex union of differentiated male and female structures and the development of special fruiting structures
way you can identify fungal infections in the lab
Microscopic examination of a skin scalping, nail clippings or plucked hair Grow on a petri dish to get cultures Woods light (UV light) reveals a blue green light
organism cause mucormycosis
Mucormycetes zygomycetes
Phialspore:
Penicillium or Aspergillus
PCP
Pneumocystis pneumonia. It is a serious infection caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii. Most people who have PCP have a medical condition that weakens their immune system like HIV/AIDS or take medicine which lowers the immune system.
athlete's foot
Soggy interdigital scaling, particularly in the fourth and fifth interspace. A diffuse dry scaling of the soles. Recurrent episodes of vesication.
Tenia disease
Trichophyton rubrum Trichophyton mentagrophytes Epidermophyton floccosum
Most common spores that reproduce sexually:
Zygospores: sturdy diploid spores formed when hyphae of two opposite straing fuse
penicillium notatum
antibiotic mold discover by Fleming
conidia
asexual spores, free spores not enclosed by a spore-bearing sac
Sporathix:
causes white spots on refrigerated meat, rose thornes
ergosterol/sterol membranes
cell membranes
chitin
cell walls
use of fungi
coagulation, building materials, packaging, clothing
rhizopus
common fruit and bread mold. life threatening and often infects sinus cavity
Porospore:
conidium that grows out through small pores in the spore-bearing cell
Fusarium:
decaying vegetation; human disease, infects lungs
dimorphs
deep seated or system infections
spores
different from bacterial spores; These are specific for reproduction, genetic variation Dispersed widely in the air because spores are light if favorable conditions- spore will germinate and produce a new fungus
Treatment
don't treat fungal infections with steroids.
coccidioides immitis
dry hot climates like deserts, Mexico. different climate than any other mold or yeast. fatal and rare
Sporangiospores
formed by successive cleavages within a saclike head called a sporangium
Dermatophytes:
fungal disease of the cutaneous or superficial. (live on skin or mucous membrane) Athlete's foot and ring worm
saccharomyces cerevisiae
good yeast, making wine, beer, bread
mycelium
group of hyphae
systemic fungal infections
immunocompromised patients, chemo patients
direct contact-
infect host (human or animal)
indirect contact
infected exfoliated skin (pedicure baths)
thrush
invades mucous member of mouth, throat, vagina. Common in diabetics, because fungus feed off sugar
woodslamp
lights up fungal infections on body
dimorphism
live as yeast at body temperature -live as mold at room temperature
hyphae
long threadlike cells that make up the bodies of the filamentous fungi or molds
most common infections
mold or yeast
microscopic fungi
molds and yeasts
candida albicans
most common form of yeast infection, causes secondary infections, vaginal infections
macroscopic fungi
mushrooms, puffballs, gill fungi
histoplasmosis
obtained by breathing air containing small spore forms
Tenia capitis
Baldness, scaling, minimal inflammation, hair loss. From animal sources it causes more intense inflammation with boggy swelling, pustulation and kerion.
histoplasma capsulatum
**Found in areas where birds or bats have roosted. **Often see in chicken farms. Mississippi Area
cryptococcus neoformans
- identified by simple stain called India Ink - Most commonly infects the Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) - encapsulated yeast identified by its very large
reproduction strategies
1. growth of mycelium