science chapter 9
_____ are made when a hydroxyl group is substituted for a hydrogen atom.
alcohols
when both an amino group and a carboxyl acid group replace hydrogens on the same carbon atoms a molecule a type of compound known as a ____ ____ is formed
amino acid
an _____ ____ is a nitrogen atom joined by covalent bonds to two hydrogen atoms
amino group
a _______ is an organic compound that contains only carbon hydrogen and oxygen usually in a ration of 2 hydrogen atoms to 1 oxygen atom
carbohydrate
earths crust contains less then 1% ____ yet all living things on earth are made of carbon-containing compounds
carbon
a _____ _____ consists of a carbon atom that has a double bond with one oxygen atom and a single bond with a hydroxyl group
carboxyl group
______ is a complex lipid that is present in foods that comes from animals such as meat butter eggs and cheese
cholesterol
cholesterol is a _____ lipid
complex
carbon atoms form ______ bonds
covalent
lipids store ____ in their bonds
energy
a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms is called a ______
hydrocarbon
______ are compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon
hydrocarbons
a substituted hydrocarbon has 1 or more ______ atoms replaced
hydrogen
the _______ _____ is made up of an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom joined by by a cove lent bond
hydroxyl group
_____ are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures
isomers
compounds that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements or structures are called _____
isomers
A ____ is an organic that contains the same elements as carbohydrates but in different proportions
lipid
the simplest hydrocarbon is ______
methane
the small organic molecules that link together to form polymers are called _______
monomers
an _______ _____ refers to most compounds that contain carbon.
organic compound
a ____ is a molecule made up of many small organic molecules linked together with covalent bonds to form a long chain
polymer
monomers are bonded together in a chemical reaction called __________
polymerization
a ____ is a polymer that consist of a chain of indivual amino acids linked together
protein
when all the bonds in a hydrocarbon are single bonds the molecule is a ______ _______
saturated hydrocarbon
_____ ____ are carbohydrates that contain 5 6 or 7 carbon atoms arranged in a ring
simple sugars
______ are polymers of gluecose monomers in which hindered or even thousands of glucose molecules are joined together
starches
_____ amino acids are building blocks of proteins needed in the human body
twenty
hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds are called _______ _______
unsaturated hydrocarbons
