science chapter 9

_____ are made when a hydroxyl group is substituted for a hydrogen atom.

alcohols

when both an amino group and a carboxyl acid group replace hydrogens on the same carbon atoms a molecule a type of compound known as a ____ ____ is formed

amino acid

an _____ ____ is a nitrogen atom joined by covalent bonds to two hydrogen atoms

amino group

a _______ is an organic compound that contains only carbon hydrogen and oxygen usually in a ration of 2 hydrogen atoms to 1 oxygen atom

carbohydrate

earths crust contains less then 1% ____ yet all living things on earth are made of carbon-containing compounds

carbon

a _____ _____ consists of a carbon atom that has a double bond with one oxygen atom and a single bond with a hydroxyl group

carboxyl group

______ is a complex lipid that is present in foods that comes from animals such as meat butter eggs and cheese

cholesterol

cholesterol is a _____ lipid

complex

carbon atoms form ______ bonds

covalent

lipids store ____ in their bonds

energy

a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms is called a ______

hydrocarbon

______ are compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon

hydrocarbons

a substituted hydrocarbon has 1 or more ______ atoms replaced

hydrogen

the _______ _____ is made up of an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom joined by by a cove lent bond

hydroxyl group

_____ are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures

isomers

compounds that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements or structures are called _____

isomers

A ____ is an organic that contains the same elements as carbohydrates but in different proportions

lipid

the simplest hydrocarbon is ______

methane

the small organic molecules that link together to form polymers are called _______

monomers

an _______ _____ refers to most compounds that contain carbon.

organic compound

a ____ is a molecule made up of many small organic molecules linked together with covalent bonds to form a long chain

polymer

monomers are bonded together in a chemical reaction called __________

polymerization

a ____ is a polymer that consist of a chain of indivual amino acids linked together

protein

when all the bonds in a hydrocarbon are single bonds the molecule is a ______ _______

saturated hydrocarbon

_____ ____ are carbohydrates that contain 5 6 or 7 carbon atoms arranged in a ring

simple sugars

______ are polymers of gluecose monomers in which hindered or even thousands of glucose molecules are joined together

starches

_____ amino acids are building blocks of proteins needed in the human body

twenty

hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds are called _______ _______

unsaturated hydrocarbons